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Women in the New Labor Activism: Gender Trends in Attitudes Toward Unions 新劳工运动中的女性：对工会态度的性别趋势
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162950
Margarita Torre
{"title":"Women in the New Labor Activism: Gender Trends in Attitudes Toward Unions","authors":"Margarita Torre","doi":"10.1177/07308884231162950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884231162950","url":null,"abstract":"The gender gap in union membership rates has narrowed considerably in the last decades. How is this change related to women's attitudes toward unions? What is the profile of women who support union activism? Are there reasons to believe that women's support will continue to increase over time? Using data from the General Social Survey, I examine women's attitudes toward trade unions between 2002 and 2021. Data shows that support for unions is higher among non-white, less-educated, and younger women, as well as among women employed in female-dominated occupations. I conclude by discussing the implications of the findings for current and future labor activism.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"50 1","pages":"412 - 419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45080703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Menchik, Daniel (2021). Managing Medical Authority 丹尼尔·门奇克(2021)。管理医疗权威
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162931
Kelly Underman
{"title":"Menchik, Daniel (2021). Managing Medical Authority","authors":"Kelly Underman","doi":"10.1177/07308884231162931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884231162931","url":null,"abstract":"Sociologists interested in professional jurisdiction and power have often turned to physicians as an empirical case. How did allopathic medicine beat out its competitors to become the defining professional group over our experiences of illness and the body? This question is reinvigorated in Daniel Menchik’s new book, Managing Medical Authority. Menchik analyzes an astonishing 12 years of ethnographic data to develop an account of the machinations of authority among cardiologists and their more specialized peers, electrophysiologists. Menchik situates his account in a deep theoretical tradition on how physicians maintain professional authority. At stake in what constitutes a profession is its members’ ability to define problems and establish themselves as the ideal experts to solve such problems. Physicians as a professional group must defend their authority from interlopers—like health insurance or pharmaceutical industries—which have multiplied and intensified around the medical profession since the 1980s. Rather than focusing on how authority is established, Menchik focuses on how physicians continuously manage their authority through status-seeking behaviors. Indeed, as Menchik demonstrates convincingly, interlopers can be a source of not just competition for authority but collaboration and coordination. Menchik’s major theoretical contribution is what he calls “organizing indeterminacy.” Organizing indeterminacy attends to the dynamics by which cardiologists—and, indeed, physicians more broadly—define problems and their solutions. According to Menchik, cardiologists maintain their authority through their ability to set the terms of the problems into Book Reviews","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"50 1","pages":"578 - 580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45497661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Race, Repression and the Future of New Labor Activism 种族、压迫与新劳工运动的未来
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162962
A. H. Wingfield
{"title":"Race, Repression and the Future of New Labor Activism","authors":"A. H. Wingfield","doi":"10.1177/07308884231162962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884231162962","url":null,"abstract":"Labor activism is on the rise in the U.S., and workers and organizers are taking new and intriguing steps to have more voice, involvement, and power in their workplaces. This begs the question of whether this new surge in labor activism will have long-term consequences or amount to a “flash in the pan.” In this paper, I argue that the success of current labor activism will hinge on two factors: whether organizers successfully confront longstanding racial disparities in workplaces and occupations, and the ability to preempt and survive the resulting state repression and organizational backlash.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"50 1","pages":"351 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41427557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Workers and Work in the Arts: Definitional Challenges and Approaches to Collective Action Among Arts and Creative Workers 工人与艺术工作：艺术和创意工作者集体行动的最终挑战和方法
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162957
R. Skaggs, Tania Aparicio
{"title":"Workers and Work in the Arts: Definitional Challenges and Approaches to Collective Action Among Arts and Creative Workers","authors":"R. Skaggs, Tania Aparicio","doi":"10.1177/07308884231162957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884231162957","url":null,"abstract":"In response to an era of transformation that deeply impacts workers and increased attention to worker collective action in the United States, this article documents some definitional and boundary challenges that constrain and facilitate unionization, collective action, and mutualism in arts and creative work. Arts workers are present across all strata of the labor market. Categories, such as art, commerce, craft, and entertainment, have often divided arts workers, blurring the boundaries around what work is and who counts as a worker. Despite these challenges, arts and culture workers present a compelling case for the promise and progress of collective action in an unwieldy occupational space.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"50 1","pages":"436 - 444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41326939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Stop Discounting Retail Workers 停止向零售业工人打折
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162945
Kyla Walters, Joya Misra
{"title":"Stop Discounting Retail Workers","authors":"Kyla Walters, Joya Misra","doi":"10.1177/07308884231162945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884231162945","url":null,"abstract":"Retail workers are strong in numbers, but union density is weak. Transformation of the retail sector is possible. Returning stability to these jobs would change the lives of millions of workers and their families. The retail labor process provides multiple points for resistance and mobilization to occur. Leveraging relationships between workers and with consumers are crucial tactics to help curb employers’ power.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"50 1","pages":"368 - 375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43083746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Occupational Activism and the New Labor Activism: Illustrations from the Education Sector and an Agenda for Future Research 职业激进主义和新劳工激进主义：来自教育部门的例证和未来研究议程
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162935
Jonathan S. Coley, Jessica L. Schachle
{"title":"Occupational Activism and the New Labor Activism: Illustrations from the Education Sector and an Agenda for Future Research","authors":"Jonathan S. Coley, Jessica L. Schachle","doi":"10.1177/07308884231162935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884231162935","url":null,"abstract":"The United States is currently witnessing a surge in labor activism that will likely embolden many workers to engage in occupational activism and thus enact their jobs in socially transformative ways. We illustrate this argument through a case study of K-12 educators who participated in a teachers’ walkout and subsequently became engaged in efforts to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in their schools. We then outline an agenda for future research on occupational activism.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"50 1","pages":"420 - 427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46233191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Unionizing High Tech: Opportunities and Obstacles 高科技工会化:机遇与障碍
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162960
P. Sheehan, Christine L. Williams
{"title":"Unionizing High Tech: Opportunities and Obstacles","authors":"P. Sheehan, Christine L. Williams","doi":"10.1177/07308884231162960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884231162960","url":null,"abstract":"The WERN report documents the rise of worker-led collective action in the tech industry. We distinguish two types of activism emerging from tech professionals—demands for greater corporate social responsibility and demands for improved employment rights—and consider the opportunities each affords the larger labor movement. In the second section, we consider how the venture-capital funding model that structures the tech industry presents unique challenges to traditional union-organizing campaigns.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"50 1","pages":"452 - 460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43895464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Labor Unbound? Assessing the Current Surge in Labor Activism 劳动的?评估当前劳工行动主义的激增
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162929
S. Vallas, H. Johnston
{"title":"Labor Unbound? Assessing the Current Surge in Labor Activism","authors":"S. Vallas, H. Johnston","doi":"10.1177/07308884231162929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884231162929","url":null,"abstract":"Where will the current surge of labor activism lead? To address this question we examine two distinctive currents of labor struggle—one rooted in “new economy” firms and a second in the nation's logistics sector—where post-pandemic conditions have confronted workers with important opportunities and challenges. If the workers’ movement is to make enduring gains, it will need to foster organizational alliances that stretch across distinct sectors of the economy, build support among consumers and the broader public, and challenge culture war rhetoric through appeal to workers’ shared needs.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"50 1","pages":"376 - 384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44257157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Measurement of Precarious Work and Market Conditions: Insights from the COVID-19 Disruption on Sample Selection. 不稳定工作和市场条件的衡量：新冠肺炎对样本选择的干扰
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221127636
Sigal Alon
{"title":"The Measurement of Precarious Work and Market Conditions: Insights from the COVID-19 Disruption on Sample Selection.","authors":"Sigal Alon","doi":"10.1177/07308884221127636","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07308884221127636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The precarious work construct combines employment instability and employment-contingent outcomes. Yet, I argue that confining the scope of the investigation to employed individuals creates a sample selection that disguises the heterogeneous nature of employment instability. The COVID-19 skyrocketing unemployment rate provides both a compelling motivation and a unique opportunity to revisit the construct of precarious work. Using pre-COVID and COVID-19 era data of the working-age population in Israel, the results demonstrate that by pushing less stable individuals out of employment, the COVID-19 recession strengthened the negative relationship between volatility and employment opportunities and accentuated sample selection. Because the selection into employment was not random, this introduces a bias into the measurement of precarious work, one that is more severe during a recession than in a full-employment market. The discussion highlights the broader significance of this lacuna and suggests a way to hone the conceptualization and operationalization of the precarious work construct.</p>","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"50 1","pages":"22-59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9535454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48562167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do Workers Speak Up When Feeling Job Insecure? Examining Workers' Response to Precarity During the COVID-19 Pandemic. 员工在感到工作不安全时会大声说话吗？研究新冠肺炎大流行期间工人对不稳定的反应
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221128481
Hye Jin Rho, Christine Riordan, Christian Lyhne Ibsen, J Ryan Lamare, Maite Tapia
{"title":"Do Workers Speak Up When Feeling Job Insecure? Examining Workers' Response to Precarity During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Hye Jin Rho, Christine Riordan, Christian Lyhne Ibsen, J Ryan Lamare, Maite Tapia","doi":"10.1177/07308884221128481","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07308884221128481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic inflicted unprecedented precarity upon workers, including concerns about job insecurity. We examine whether workers respond to job insecurity with voice, and assess the role of unions, managers, and employment arrangements in this relationship. Analyses of an original 2020 survey representative of Illinois and Michigan workers show that job insecurity is not significantly associated with voice. Further, while we find that union membership and confidence in organized labor are positively associated with voice, insecure workers are less likely to speak up than secure workers as confidence in organized labor increases. Last, we find that insecure nonstandard workers are less likely to use voice than their secure counterparts.</p>","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"50 1","pages":"97-129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9720047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43565006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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