Work and Occupations最新文献_第10页

Does the Black/White Wage Gap Widen During Recessions? 衰退期间黑人和白人的工资差距会扩大吗?

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2020-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/0730888420968148

Shinjinee Chattopadhyay, Emily C. Bianchi

{"title":"Does the Black/White Wage Gap Widen During Recessions?","authors":"Shinjinee Chattopadhyay, Emily C. Bianchi","doi":"10.1177/0730888420968148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888420968148","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers have long documented a significant wage gap between White and Black workers, at least some of which is attributable to discrimination. Drawing on research suggesting that discrimination increases during recessions, we test whether the racial wage gap expands during economic downturns. Using longitudinal wage data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics over a 40-year time period (N = 18,954), we find that the wage gap between Black and White workers increases with the unemployment rate. Moreover, we find that the cyclical wage gap is more pronounced in states in which Whites hold more negative attitudes about Blacks and in states with larger Black populations, suggesting that the racial wage gap expansion during recessions is at least partially driven by discrimination. Finally, we find evidence for at least two mechanisms by which the wage gap expands during recessions. First, we find that Black workers are more likely to lose their jobs during downturns and earn lower wages upon reemployment than comparable Whites. Second, we find that Black hourly workers are slightly more likely to have their hours reduced during recessions than White hourly workers, thereby resulting in lower earnings. These findings suggest that the racial wage gap widens during recessions and that discrimination accounts for at least some of this expansion.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"48 1","pages":"247 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0730888420968148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48739448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

The Conservative Upsurge and Labor Policy in the States 保守主义思潮与美国的劳工政策

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/0730888419876970

Joseph DiGrazia, M. Dixon

{"title":"The Conservative Upsurge and Labor Policy in the States","authors":"Joseph DiGrazia, M. Dixon","doi":"10.1177/0730888419876970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888419876970","url":null,"abstract":"During the early- to mid-2010s, there was a dramatic upsurge in conservative legislation restricting labor unions in U.S. states. The sweeping Republican victories at the state level in the 2010 midterm elections certainly enabled this legislative surge, though not all states controlled by conservative governments passed such legislation and there was considerable variation in the number of laws passed among states that did. Understanding the conditions under which restrictive labor laws are passed is important for labor scholarship as well as broader academic debates on corporate power and political influence. Using a longitudinal negative binomial regression analysis, this article evaluates the role of organized business and conservative mobilization on state labor policies between 2011 and 2016. Our findings are consistent with and extend literature emphasizing the growing influence of corporate interests on politics today. At the same time, the authors find little support for explanations emphasizing the economic aftershocks of the Great Recession and public opinion and find no evidence that grassroots pressure impacted state laws.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"47 1","pages":"439 - 465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0730888419876970","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45842942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Wagner, I. (2018). Workers Without Borders: Posted Work and Precarity in the EU. Wagner，I.（2018）。无国界工人：在欧盟的岗位工作和不稳定。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/0730888419884984

Virginia Doellgast

{"title":"Wagner, I. (2018). Workers Without Borders: Posted Work and Precarity in the EU.","authors":"Virginia Doellgast","doi":"10.1177/0730888419884984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888419884984","url":null,"abstract":"risks, moving fast, and breaking things can mean disaster. Pensions can be lost. Health-care costs spiked. If the key thesis of this volume is that new approaches are available to be implemented, union practitioners may rightly worry that we do not yet have detailed evidence about whether and under what conditions these approaches will succeed. The most powerful response offered by No One Size Fits All to these reservations is the detailed organizational analysis that takes up the first third of the volume. As scholars of work, occupations, and organizations, we should be inspired. Thousands of studies dissect for-profit business practices. Yet, when unions implement solutions that seemingly work for businesses, they often violate crucial standards of voluntary commitment, democratic accountability and oppositional practice (exhibit A: the ill-fated Detroit SEIU call center). Organizational research that can be used by labor unions must be developed by researchers in concert with labor insiders. We should be running field experiments in unions, identifying what works for running successful contract campaigns and union elections. We should consider how network analysis can augment traditional organizing mapping. We should study union structure, asking how varying levels of centralization and coordination relate to efficacy, democracy, and union growth. No One Size Fits All points the way forward.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"47 1","pages":"514 - 517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0730888419884984","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46893601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Why Has Computerization Increased Wage Inequality? Information, Occupational Structural Power, and Wage Inequality 为什么计算机化加剧了工资不平等?信息、职业结构权力与工资不平等

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/0730888420941031

T. Kristal

引用次数: 11

Wingfield, A. H. (2019). Flatlining: Race, Work, and Health Care in the New Economy 温菲尔德，a.h.(2019)。扁平化:新经济中的种族、工作和医疗保健

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2020-10-29 DOI: 10.1177/0730888420971748

P. Banks

引用次数: 1

Controlling or Channeling Demands? How Schedule Control Influences the Link Between Job Pressure and the Work-Family Interface 控制需求还是引导需求?进度控制如何影响工作压力与工作-家庭界面之间的联系

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/0730888420965650

Philip J. Badawy, Scott Schieman

{"title":"Controlling or Channeling Demands? How Schedule Control Influences the Link Between Job Pressure and the Work-Family Interface","authors":"Philip J. Badawy, Scott Schieman","doi":"10.1177/0730888420965650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888420965650","url":null,"abstract":"Schedule control is theorized as a job resource that should reduce the extent to which work demands bleed into nonwork time and decrease work-to-family conflict. However, schedule control might also come with greater expectations that workers fully devote themselves to work even during non-conventional work times; in this scenario, schedule control might act as a channel through which job demands can more easily permeate nonwork roles and generate conflict. Drawing on four waves of panel data from the Canadian Work, Stress, and Health Study (2011–2017), the authors use fixed effects regression techniques to discover some contradictions in the resource functions of schedule control. The authors find that schedule control exacerbates the effect of job pressure on role blurring, and these observed downsides of schedule control are stronger for women. By discovering gendered effects in the moderating role of schedule control, this study sharpens prevailing knowledge about its functions as a resource and the ways that it might channel stressful work-related demands.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"48 1","pages":"320 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0730888420965650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45729389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Intrinsically Rewarding Work and Generativity in Midlife: The Long Arm of the Job 工作的本质回报和中年的生育能力：工作的长臂

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2020-10-07 DOI: 10.1177/0730888420964942

H. Krahn, Matthew D Johnson, N. Galambos

引用次数: 7

Choosing Bad Jobs: The Use of Nonstandard Work as a Commitment Device 选择不好的工作:使用不标准的工作作为承诺的工具

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2020-08-25 DOI: 10.1177/0730888420949596

Laura Adler

引用次数: 13

Employment Quality as a Health Determinant: Empirical Evidence for the Waged and Self-Employed 就业质量是健康的决定因素：Waged和个体经营者的经验证据

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2020-08-05 DOI: 10.1177/0730888420946436

J. Gevaert, Karen Van Aerden, D. De Moortel, C. Vanroelen

{"title":"Employment Quality as a Health Determinant: Empirical Evidence for the Waged and Self-Employed","authors":"J. Gevaert, Karen Van Aerden, D. De Moortel, C. Vanroelen","doi":"10.1177/0730888420946436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888420946436","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the authors investigate the health associations of different employment arrangements in the contemporary European labor market. In doing so, a new approach based on the concept of “employment quality” is introduced. Employment quality refers to the multiple dimensions characterizing the employment situation of wage- and self-employed (European Working Conditions Survey 2015 – N = 31,929). Latent class cluster analyses were applied to construct an overarching typology of employment quality for the waged and self-employed. Using logistic regression analyses, strong associations were found with mental well-being and self-reported general health, pointing at a disadvantaged situation for the most precarious employment arrangements. The study shows that employment quality should be taken seriously as a health determinant both among waged workers and the self-employed. Our (novel) holistic approach offers an alternative to current analyses of the health associates of labor market segmentation that were criticized for being overly simplistic and amounting to inconclusive findings.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"48 1","pages":"146 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0730888420946436","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41422998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Paying the Price for a Broken Healthcare System: Rethinking Employment, Labor, and Work in a Post-Pandemic World. 为破碎的医疗体系付出代价:重新思考大流行后世界的就业、劳动力和工作。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/0730888420923126

Ariel C Avgar, Adrienne E Eaton, Rebecca Kolins Givan, Adam Seth Litwin

引用次数: 10