Work and Occupations最新文献

"Too Much Trouble": Transgender and Nonbinary People's Experiences of Stigmatization and Stigma Avoidance in the Workplace. “太多的麻烦”：跨性别和非二元性别的人在工作场所的污名化和污名化回避的经历。

IF 4.4 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1177/07308884241268705

Emily Allen Paine, Melissa V Abad, Renato Barucco, Ya-Wen Yama Chang, Theresa V Navalta, Thomas A Vance, Anke A Ehrhardt, Walter O Bockting

{"title":"\"Too Much Trouble\": Transgender and Nonbinary People's Experiences of Stigmatization and Stigma Avoidance in the Workplace.","authors":"Emily Allen Paine, Melissa V Abad, Renato Barucco, Ya-Wen Yama Chang, Theresa V Navalta, Thomas A Vance, Anke A Ehrhardt, Walter O Bockting","doi":"10.1177/07308884241268705","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07308884241268705","url":null,"abstract":"Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people in the U.S. navigate significant employment and economic inequities. Gaps in knowledge about their workplace experiences limit our broader understanding of how social inequality is interactionally constructed through employment contexts. We conducted and analyzed interviews with 26 TNB young adults. Routine hiring processes and structural constraints made participants vulnerable to interactional stigmatization and subsequent discrimination, with deleterious consequences for employment as well as mental health. Participants deployed a variety of strategies to avoid or resist anticipated stigma, including exiting the workforce or changing careers. One's ability to avoid stigmatization at work was partially shaped by structural and managerial support, organizational form, and one's gender and gender conformity. Beyond contributing to economic inequality by limiting job and career options, our findings suggest that these social processes comprise minority stressors that diminish the well-being of TNB participants and exacerbate their economic marginalization. In contributing empirical insight into the experiences of TNB people, we demonstrate the salience of stigmatization and stigma avoidance strategies for social closure within organizations and thereby advance sociological understanding of the relational generation of inequality at work.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"52 2","pages":"204-244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Life Course of Unemployment: The Timing and Relative Degree of Risk. 失业的生命历程：风险的时机和相对程度

IF 4.4 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/07308884231162949

Sarah Damaske, Adrianne Frech, Hilary Wething

{"title":"The Life Course of Unemployment: The Timing and Relative Degree of Risk.","authors":"Sarah Damaske, Adrianne Frech, Hilary Wething","doi":"10.1177/07308884231162949","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07308884231162949","url":null,"abstract":"We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 to identify group-based trajectories of unemployment risk as workers age in the United States. Our novel methodological approach reveals 73% of full-time workers spend much of their 20, 30, and 40 s with a relatively low risk of unemployment. The remaining sizable minority varies in the timing and relative degree of their unemployment risk. Eighteen percent experience early career unemployment risk into their early thirties, well after the transition to adulthood. Chronic unemployment characterizes the labor market experiences of the remaining 9%. When expanding the sample to all workers, we find two key differences: the overall prevalence of unemployment is greater each year for all groups and the distribution of respondents across groups differs, with fewer workers experiencing Lower unemployment and more workers experiencing Early Career or Higher unemployment. Unemployment risk is shaped by experiences of long-term unemployment in young adulthood and early labor market constraints. Moreover, while men and women appear equally at risk of Early career unemployment, men are particularly at risk of Higher unemployment. Black workers were significantly more likely to be at risk of Higher unemployment, but only slightly more likely to be at risk of Early career unemployment. Since Early career unemployment risk gives way to steadier work for most, this suggests that some men and some Black workers face disproportionately high levels of employment precarity. Our findings point to the importance of a life course approach for understanding the relationship between unemployment and labor market precarity.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":" ","pages":"139-180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43940444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Book Review: Exit, Voice, and Solidarity: Contesting Precarity in the US and European Telecommunications Industries by Doellgast, Virginia 书评：退出、话语权和团结：弗吉尼亚州多尔加斯特著：《美国和欧洲电信业中的先入之见》（Contesting Precarity in the US and European Telecommunications Industries

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1177/07308884231224795

Dustin Avent-Holt

引用次数: 0

More Than a Match: “Fit” as a Tool in Hiring Decisions 不仅仅是匹配将 "适合 "作为招聘决策的工具

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.1177/07308884231214279

Beth Nichols, David S. Pedulla, Jeff T. Sheng

{"title":"More Than a Match: “Fit” as a Tool in Hiring Decisions","authors":"Beth Nichols, David S. Pedulla, Jeff T. Sheng","doi":"10.1177/07308884231214279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884231214279","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of “fit” has become important for understanding hiring decisions and labor market outcomes. While social scientists have explored how fit functions as a legitimized evaluative criterion to match candidates to jobs in the hiring process, less is known about how fit functions as a hiring tool to aid in decision-making when hiring decisions cannot—or should not—be justified. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 53 hiring professionals, we develop a theoretical argument that hiring professionals can use fit as a tool to circumvent legitimized hiring criteria and justify their hiring goals. Specifically, we show how hiring professionals use fit as a tool to explain their hiring decisions when these decisions cannot or should not be justified and we outline two mechanisms through which this process occurs: (1) fit as a tool for circumventing human capital concerns, and (2) fit as a tool to circumvent hiring policies based upon social characteristics. We argue that fit is more than an evaluative criterion for matching individuals to jobs. Hiring professionals deploy fit as a tool to justify their decisions amid uncertainty and constraint. Fit, then, becomes a placeholder when these hiring decisions are not able to be justified through legitimized means. Our findings reveal some of the potential negative consequences of using fit during the hiring process and contribute important theoretical insights about the role of fit in scholarship on inequality and labor markets.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"1 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Gender Wage Gap, Between-Firm Inequality, and Devaluation: Testing a New Hypothesis in the Service Sector. 性别工资差距、企业不平等与货币贬值：检验服务业的一个新假设

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-03 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221141072

Carmen Brick, Daniel Schneider, Kristen Harknett

引用次数: 2

Living to Work (from Home): Overwork, Remote Work, and Gendered Dual Devotion to Work and Family 生活到工作(在家):过度工作、远程工作和性别对工作和家庭的双重奉献

2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.1177/07308884231207772

Kim de Laat

{"title":"Living to Work (from Home): Overwork, Remote Work, and Gendered Dual Devotion to Work and Family","authors":"Kim de Laat","doi":"10.1177/07308884231207772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884231207772","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary North American work culture is characterized by experts as one of overwork. Throughout much of the previous century, many parents devoted themselves either to their careers, or to their families. These “competing devotions” served as a cultural model for making sense of the world and alleviated the tension between overwork and family life. Data from interviews with 84 IT workers are used to examine whether devotion to work and family is still experienced as oppositional for working parents. I find that interviewees report feeling devoted both to their families and their careers, which I refer to as dual devotion. Such espousals of dual devotion are facilitated by the use of flexible work policies—remote work and flextime—which enable those with dual devotions to accomplish work–life integration. However, whereas men perceive remote work as allowing them to dedicate more time to childcare, women perceive it as allowing them to dedicate more time to work. These findings advance our understanding of the relationship between gender inequality and the experiential dimensions of work and family time: the practices that enable dual devotions, in particular remote work, help parents maintain an orientation to time that makes overwork more palatable. In either case, workplaces win since women are working long hours and men are not sacrificing paid work hours to take on more childcare or housework.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"58 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135322738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Disability and the State Production of Precarity 残疾和不稳定的国家生产

2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/07308884231207773

Emily H. Ruppel

引用次数: 0

The Future(s) of Work? Disparities Around Changing Job Conditions When Remote/Hybrid or Returning to Working at Work 工作的未来?当远程/混合或返回工作岗位时，改变工作条件的差异

2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1177/07308884231203668

Wen Fan, Phyllis Moen

{"title":"The Future(s) of Work? Disparities Around Changing Job Conditions When Remote/Hybrid or Returning to Working at Work","authors":"Wen Fan, Phyllis Moen","doi":"10.1177/07308884231203668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884231203668","url":null,"abstract":"The future of work is ambiguous at best. Despite widespread shifts to remote/hybrid work during the COVID-19 lockdown, there is a paucity of knowledge about changing job conditions in tandem with different work locales. Is the move to remote/hybrid work a disrupter or accentuator of existing norms and inequalities? Drawing on nationally representative, four-wave panel survey data (October 2020 to April 2022) collected from U.S. workers who spent at least some time working from home since the pandemic onset, we examine effects of within-person changes in where respondents work on changes in job conditions (psychological job demands, job control, coworker support, and monitoring). Estimates from fixed-effects models show that, compared with returning to working at work, ongoing remote and moving to hybrid work lead to greater reductions in psychological job demands, especially among older women and men. Black and Hispanic women moving back to the office experience the greatest loss of decision latitude and schedule control. While white workers see increased coworker support when returning to the office, returning Black and Hispanic men report a decline in coworker support. Family caregivers’ job conditions do not improve whether remote/hybrid or returning to work. Qualitative data collected from Amazon Mechanic Turk illuminate mechanisms leading to salutary effects of remote work, but also the stress of combining jobs with family carework.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135192245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time Work in the Office and Shop: Workers’ Strategic Adaptations to the 4-Day Week 办公室和商店的时间工作:员工对4天工作制的策略适应

2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1177/07308884231203317

Phyllis Moen, Youngmin Chu

引用次数: 0

Democratizing the Economy or Introducing Economic Risk? Gig Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic 经济民主化还是引入经济风险?COVID-19大流行期间的零工工作

2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/07308884231202032

Daniel Auguste, Stephen Roll, Mathieu Despard

{"title":"Democratizing the Economy or Introducing Economic Risk? Gig Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Daniel Auguste, Stephen Roll, Mathieu Despard","doi":"10.1177/07308884231202032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884231202032","url":null,"abstract":"Though the growth of the gig economy has coincided with increased economic precarity in the new economy, we know less about the extent to which gig work (compared with other self-employment arrangements and non-gig work) may fuel economic insecurity among American households. We fill this gap in the literature by drawing on a sample of 4,756 workers from a unique national survey capturing economic hardships among non-standard workers like app- and platform-based gig and other self-employed workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from generalized boosted regression modeling, utilizing machine learning to account for potential endogeneity, demonstrated that gig workers experienced significantly greater economic hardship than non-gig and other self-employed workers during the pandemic. For example, gig workers were more likely to experience food insecurity, miss bill payments, and suffer income loss compared with non-gig and other self-employed workers during the pandemic. While household liquid assets endowment prior to the pandemic reduced the effect of gig work on experiencing economic hardships, having dependent children in the household increased this effect. Thus, contrary to democratizing entrepreneurship opportunities, these findings suggest that the expansion of the gig economy may exacerbate labor market inequality, where wealth-endowed families are protected against adverse economic consequences of the gig economy. We discuss the implications of these findings for inequality-reducing labor market policies, including policies that account for the interconnectedness of family and the labor market.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136308896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0