Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management最新文献

{"title":"Risk Communication and Community Engagement in Mass Gathering: A Conceptual Framework","authors":"Gholamreza Masoumi,&nbsp;Zahra Eskandari,&nbsp;Reza Mosaddegh,&nbsp;Hassan Amiri,&nbsp;Rezvaneh Rakhshanimehr,&nbsp;Amirhosein Sabaghian,&nbsp;Paniz Sanjari,&nbsp;Kobra Mafi,&nbsp;Arezoo Dehghani","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Risk communication represents a dynamic and enduring process that significantly contributes to enhancing health management during mass gatherings. The development of an effective and adaptive communication framework, alongside community engagement, can facilitate informed decision-making and mitigate societal vulnerabilities. This study aims to clarified dimensions of risk communication in mass gathering in context of Iran and generate a Risk communication conceptual framework in mass gathering. This study employs a qualitative design, conducted between 2023 and 2024. Participants were intentionally selected, and data were gathered through semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews. The data were analysed by qualitative content analysis, and semantic codes were extracted and classified. Twenty risk communication managers and experts participated in this study. The analysis revealed four primary themes: contextual factors (including cultural infrastructure, social, economic, and political conditions, ethnic and linguistic diversity, and health literacy levels), causal factors (encompassing facilitating and attenuating causal elements), strategies (such as establishing a risk communication process, identifying audience segments, proactive content creation, fostering communication flow and information dissemination, timely awareness initiatives, educational campaigns, and interactive communication), and consequences (including rumor management, enhancing social engagement, improving health literacy, promoting behavioral changes in health, and ensuring effective health management during mass gatherings). Mass gatherings, irrespective of their intent, frequently lead to intricate and potentially hazardous scenarios. As mass gathering events unfold, they present unique challenges that necessitate comprehensive risk communication strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Leaders Lift Us Up and Bring Us Down: Relationship Quality With a Leader, Team Dynamics, and Outcomes During a Crisis","authors":"S. Amy Sommer,&nbsp;Jessica A. Maxwell","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigate the nature of team members' relationship with their leader, team dynamics, and outcomes during a continuous organisational crisis in a healthcare setting. Leaders (<i>n</i> = 24) and team members (<i>n</i> = 150) completed matched surveys at three hospitals. Individuals who felt they had a stronger relationship with their leader than their teammates (i.e., higher on leader membership exchange (LMX) than their team average), performed better, were less likely to want to leave their job, and were more confident in their team's ability to succeed (i.e., higher team potency). Teams higher on LMX reported fewer turnover intentions, and were more creative. Both individuals' and team's core self-evaluations (CSE) were linked to positive outcomes, including higher team potency amongst teams with higher CSE. For weak leaders (i.e., team-rated low LMX or perceived expertise), individuals' positive CSE were associated with better performance. Implications and future research directions for crisis management are provided.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Chinese Consumers' Participation in Automobile Recalls for Environmental Defects: Applying the Protective Action Decision Model and Norm Activation Model","authors":"Ruiju Yang,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Hong Huang","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Automobile recalls for environmental defects (ARED) are proposed as an environmental policy in China to address automobile emission pollution by repairing environmental defects. Given the critical role of consumer engagement in achieving a high rate of recall completion, understanding consumer behavioural responses to ARED becomes paramount for policy efficacy. This study constructs a theoretical framework by integrating the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM) and the Norm Activation Model (NAM) to elucidate the psychological decision-making mechanisms underlying consumer participation in ARED. This study also incorporates self-efficacy as a moderating variable to examine differences in consumers' behavioural responses between high and low self-efficacy groups. Using 1080 survey responses in China, structural equation models were employed to quantify the impacts of the proposed determinants on consumers' participation intention. The main results shows that personal norms, awareness of consequences, ascription of responsibility, and automobile emission knowledge significantly enhance consumers' participation intention. Personal norms are shaped by awareness of consequences, while both awareness of consequences and ascription of responsibility are influenced by risk perception and automobile emission knowledge. Moreover, the multi-group path analysis reveals that these relationships vary across different levels of self-efficacy. This study advances the theoretical understanding of consumers' participation intention, and offers valuable insights for regulators and firms in optimising recall communication and implementation strategies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Services Provided During Three Major Earthquakes in Türkiye: A Phenomenological Study","authors":"Galip Usta,&nbsp;Saime Şahinöz","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study is to compare the services provided after three major earthquakes in Türkiye (Gölcük, Van, Elazığ) to examine in depth from the perspective of earthquakes and to present policy recommendations. The phenomenological design was adopted in the study. The study was conducted with 30 people who experienced the earthquakes between 07.04.2021 and 14.06.2021. In the study, theft and looting were the most frequently coded common features in the Gölcük and Van earthquakes. One of the most frequently coded common features in the Van and Elazığ earthquakes was that nothing was done about CBRN. In both earthquakes, it was found that the telephone outage that occurred after the earthquake was commonly coded. It was observed that there were problems in terms of information, guidance and awareness of assembly areas. It was evaluated that there were traffic problems after the earthquakes. While the lack of psychosocial support services was mentioned in the Gölcük earthquake, it was evaluated that the provision of psychosocial support services began to become evident in the subsequent earthquakes. It was determined that the number of teams and personnel in the search and rescue efforts in the Gölcük earthquake were insufficient. It was evaluated that training and drill activities have an important place in minimizing the problems experienced after earthquakes. It is seen that no radical work has been done to protect domestic or street animals after the earthquakes. As a result, it is recommended that disaster plans be prepared comprehensively, psychosocial support services be developed, training and drill activities be emphasized, critical facilities be strengthened, the infrastructure system be prepared for disasters, the communication system be strengthened, and security procedures be implemented effectively, using the lessons learned from the earthquakes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opting Out: Over-Alerting and Warning Fatigue in the Era of Wireless Emergency Alerts","authors":"Jeannette Sutton,&nbsp;Michele M. Wood","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While warning fatigue is commonly described among emergency management practitioners as a problem due to over-alerting, which leads to opting out, there has been limited research to define these concepts in a systematic manner that can inform policymaking around public alerting strategies, especially as they relate to Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA). In this study, we draw from semi-structured interviews with emergency managers and open-ended responses from surveys with emergency managers and members of the public, to develop definitions of ‘over-alerting’ and ‘warning fatigue’ and to identify the conditions that cause the public to ‘opt out’ of WEA messages. We conduct thematic content analyses to identify the dimensions of each concept, showing how they are represented by a variety of factors. We find that the antecedents to warning fatigue include alert frequency, relevancy and message content; symptoms of warning fatigue comprise mental strain, emotional and physiological stress and evaluative fatigue; the consequences of warning fatigue are threefold, including desensitization, complaining and opting out. By identifying the dimensions and factors that comprise warning fatigue, it becomes possible to determine what the true drivers are that affect decisions to turn off or tune out emergency alerts.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Negative Emotions: The Effects of Positive Emotions and Stealing Thunder on Organizational Outcomes After a Crisis","authors":"James Ndone","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although negative emotions are well-studied in crisis communication research, the impact of positive emotions, particularly hope, on crisis outcomes remains underexplored. Therefore, this study examines how emotional framing and message timing interact to shape publics' responses during a victim crisis. A 2 (message framing: hope vs. rational) × 2 (timing: stealing thunder vs. thunder) between-subjects experiment was conducted with 401 participants recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Results indicate that hope-based messages, compared to rational framing, significantly increased forgiveness, enhanced organizational reputation, boosted purchase intentions, and led to more favorable evaluations of the crisis spokesperson. Stealing thunder also produced more positive outcomes than the thunder strategy. The pairing of hopeful framing with proactive disclosure consistently produced the most favorable outcomes across all variables. These findings suggest that hope, as a hybrid emotion with both affective and cognitive dimensions, may function not only as emotional reassurance but also as a signal of strategic competence and long-term vision. By demonstrating how the future orientation of hope aligns with proactive disclosure strategies, this study contributes to crisis communication theory and challenges traditional dichotomies between emotional and rational messaging. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-5973.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Roles of Consumers' Perceived Self-Interest and Accusation Credibility on the Effectiveness of Response Strategies in Corporate Ethical Misconduct","authors":"Ma Liang (Lindsay)","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many companies that are heavily criticized for their morally questionable conduct keep thriving. It is not well understood why consumers continue supporting and purchasing from some morally wrong companies. Using self-interest bias in moral judgments, this study explored how consumers' perceived self-interest and perceived message credibility of the accusation influence the effectiveness of corporate response strategies to mitigate consumers' negative reactions to corporate ethical misconduct. A total of 638 participants provided usable questionnaires in an online between-subject experiment. The results showed that consumers' perceived self-interest mitigates their negative reactions to corporate misconduct, regardless of the corporate response strategies. Furthermore, the effects of consumers' perceived self-interest on perceived corporate ability were mitigated when the accusation was perceived to be credible. Apology better protects consumers' attitudes, perceived corporate ability, and trust; it also mitigates intentions of negative word-of-mouth when the perceived credibility of the accusation is low. However, denial and attack-the-accuser can be more effective when the accusation has high perceived credibility. The theoretical and practical implications were discussed further in the paper.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the Urban and Rural Divide in Deaf & Disability-Accessible Climate Risk Communication Methods in California's Offices of Emergency Services","authors":"Alina Engelman,&nbsp;Christina Lin,&nbsp;Morgan Vien,&nbsp;Susan L. Ivey,&nbsp;Sheri Farinha,&nbsp;Linda Neuhauser","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Due to geography, structural, and economic factors, California has been the site of multiple climate crises. Deaf and disabled Californians face especially high health risks in crises, partly due to inaccessible risk communications before, during, and after disasters. California's Offices of Emergency Services (OES) play an important role in ensuring inclusive emergency communication for disabled people. This study examines accessibility of climate-related risk communications in California's OES for deaf and disabled people and is intended to provide guidance to the cities, counties, and the state to improve risk communication plans for disabled people. Key informants from county (<i>n</i> = 44) and city (<i>n</i> = 13) OES offices were surveyed about whether their OES provided accessible emergency communications, had barriers, and had needs to improve accessible communications. Findings reveal that urban OES offices more frequently report using or being aware of accessible communication strategies, while rural offices face challenges due to limited resources and infrastructure. Rural OES have fewer partnerships with deaf-serving organizations and are less likely to have resources to provide captioning and American Sign Language (ASL) interpreters, compared to urban OES. The study highlights the need for improved training, resource allocation, and policy integration to address accessible communication gaps, especially in rural areas. Recommendations include increased training and funding for rural OES offices, stronger partnerships with disability advocacy groups, and the adoption of universal design principles in climate risk communications. This would ensure that all Californians—regardless of location or ability—receive the information they need to prepare for and respond to climate disasters.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disaster Narratives in Emergency Services: Tools for Crisis and Disaster Governance","authors":"Jasmina Schmidt,&nbsp;Lars Gerhold","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper explores how narratives shape our understanding of crises and disasters and, by extension, drive organizational practices in crisis and disaster governance (CDG). Based on interviews and focus group discussions with representatives from two types of emergency services—namely, road maintenance services and forest fire management organizations—we systematically catalog the narratives developed to understand past crisis and disaster events based on the narrative typology posited by Seeger and Sellnow (2016) and draw on theories of sensemaking and the social construction of reality. We devote special attention to the 2021 Ahr Valley floods, showing how unexpected disaster events can generate narratives that modify an organization's outlook on the future. While our data are retrospective, we observe instances where narrative shifts are associated with sensemaking processes. Our empirical findings suggest that the narratives developed to understand past events play a crucial role in determining how emergency services prepare for and react to future crises and disasters. Accordingly, we argue that actors involved in CDG would be well advised to devote attention to the narrative dimensions of organizational culture when developing disaster preparation and prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-5973.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing Perceived Apathy Through Engaged Learning in Crisis Communication: Lessons From Bird Flu (H5N1) in Dairy","authors":"Rodrigo Soares,&nbsp;Timothy L. Sellnow,&nbsp;Deanna D. Sellnow,&nbsp;Scott C. Merrill,&nbsp;Julia M. Smith,&nbsp;Martina Frizzo","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent outbreaks of A/H5N1 (Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza virus/HPAIv) —commonly referred to as bird flu virus—have mutated and spread beyond poultry to also infect dairy cattle and humans. Despite warnings by crisis communication practitioners affiliated with the dairy industry, the response is widely criticized as underwhelming and apathetic. This study proposes engaged learning as an instructional risk and crisis co strategy for overcoming apathetic crisis denial. More specifically, a Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA) was conducted based on 21 semi-structured interviews with practitioners who work in direct or indirect contact with farmers, producers, and decision-makers associated with the dairy cattle industry. Results revealed that study participants support employing engaged learning communication strategies to overcome apathetic crisis denial and achieve desired affective, cognitive, and behavioral learning outcomes. These strategies include engaged and ongoing dialogue focused on: (1) internalization strategies to co-construct meaning about the relevance and impact of the risks to risk-bearers (affective learning); (2) explanation strategies to co-construct mutual understanding about the nature of the risks including how to prevent infection and control its spread (cognitive learning); and (3) acknowledge and address trust issues based on stakeholders' previous crisis experiences. In doing so, stakeholders may overcome apathetic crisis denial and choose to engage in recommended biosecurity practices (behavioral learning).</p>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-5973.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}