Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management最新文献_第10页

A decade of wireless emergency alerts: A longitudinal assessment of message content and completeness 无线紧急警报的十年:信息内容和完整性的纵向评估

IF 3.1 3区管理学

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12518

Michele K. Olson, Jeannette Sutton, Lauren B. Cain, Nichoals Waugh

{"title":"A decade of wireless emergency alerts: A longitudinal assessment of message content and completeness","authors":"Michele K. Olson, Jeannette Sutton, Lauren B. Cain, Nichoals Waugh","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.12518","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-5973.12518","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEAs) provide a direct way for public safety officials to reach at-risk publics via text-based messages on their mobile devices. Although WEAs were introduced over a decade ago and can be either 90 or 360 characters in length, we currently do not know what these messages have contained. To address this gap, we quantify the contents of the last decade of WEA messages using the principles of effective warning message design. Specifically, we use quantitative content analysis to conduct a longitudinal assessment of 6080 WEAs sent by Alerting Authorities from 2012 to 2022. We code these messages according to the concepts in the Warning Response Model, which establishes that WEAs need to include information about the hazard, location, source, guidance, and time. Our results indicate that source and timing information are included at a much lower rate than location, hazard, and guidance information. Furthermore, only 8.5% of these messages are complete—or include all five pieces of WRM content. Complete WEA messages can minimise protective action delay while maximising message understanding, belief, and personalisation. We also find that 360-character WEAs are more likely to be complete than 90-character WEAs. Thus, those responsible for crafting WEAs should continue to take full advantage of the increased number of characters to write complete messages that warn populations at risk, rather than simply alert them to the existence of a hazard.","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of information processing on purchase intention in new energy vehicle product harm crises 新能源汽车产品危害危机中信息处理对购买意愿的影响

IF 3.1 3区管理学

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12519

Weiwei Zhu, Anqi Chen, Jing Zeng

{"title":"Impact of information processing on purchase intention in new energy vehicle product harm crises","authors":"Weiwei Zhu, Anqi Chen, Jing Zeng","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.12519","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-5973.12519","url":null,"abstract":"Within the increasingly complex and changeable market environment of new energy vehicles, consumers' attention to product safety has increased significantly, and higher, updated requirements are put forward at the level of product safety. Simultaneously, a product harm crisis, which often entails product recalls, can lead to consumer concerns regarding product specifications and security. Based on the heuristic-systematic model, this study verified the effect of information processing on the vehicle purchase intention of consumers during crisis situations and conducted an empirical study through questionnaires and structural equation modelling. The data obtained in this study presents the following relationships: (1) risk perception has a significant and positive influence on information search and systematic processing but a negative influence on heuristic processing; (2) heuristic processing and systematic processing have a significant and positive influence on purchase intention; (3) information search has a significant and positive influence on heuristic processing and systematic processing. The study can offer a relevant basis and suggestions for risk communication of new energy vehicle enterprises, thereby fundamentally improving consumer loyalty.","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138513060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why are we surprised by extreme weather, pandemics and migration crises when we know they will happen? Exploring the added value of contingency thinking 为什么我们知道极端天气、流行病和移民危机会发生，却对它们感到惊讶?探索权变思维的附加价值

IF 3.1 3区管理学

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12515

Magnus Ekengren

{"title":"Why are we surprised by extreme weather, pandemics and migration crises when we know they will happen? Exploring the added value of contingency thinking","authors":"Magnus Ekengren","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.12515","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-5973.12515","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempts to explain why governments are surprised when extreme weather, pandemics and migration crisis hit their own country despite their good knowledge of these global threats. With the help of the contingency concept, the article explores the reasons behind these surprises by introducing a new category of threats that complements the ones in the existing literature on surprise. It adds the concept of ‘known—corporally unknown’ threats to the list of known-unknowns, unknown-unknowns as a way to emphasize the difference between abstract knowledge of ‘facts and figures’ (of e.g., global warming) and the acquiring of knowledge through personal, bodily experience (tangere) (of flooding and draughts). The article demonstrates how Swedish decision-makers—despite their good scientific knowledge and warning signals from abroad—were surprised by the migration crisis of 2015 and the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 because they had not been in direct touch with massive flows of refugees or pandemics of that scale before. The article ends by discussing new ways of acquiring knowledge about global threats for a deeper, corporally anchored, preparedness for the surprises and contingencies to come.","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-5973.12515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138513064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exercise design for interagency collaboration training: The case of maritime nuclear emergency management tabletop exercises 机构间协作训练的演习设计:以海上核应急管理桌面演习为例

IF 3.1 3区管理学

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12517

Rune Elvegård, Natalia Andreassen

{"title":"Exercise design for interagency collaboration training: The case of maritime nuclear emergency management tabletop exercises","authors":"Rune Elvegård, Natalia Andreassen","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.12517","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-5973.12517","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore a concept of exercise design within emergency management competence development. The paper presents recommendations for exercise design aspects that may be suitable for gaining collaboration skills and knowledge that responders need in unknown events of high complexity. This study explores the practice of tabletop exercises with complex scenarios that engage participants to discover organizational roles and responsibility division in collaborative action. Empirically, we base our analysis on maritime search and rescue nuclear preparedness exercises in the Arctic seas. We focus on elements that are essential for learners to increase their knowledge of operational complexity and collaborative performance, including understanding one's own and others' roles and responsibilities, formation of interagency teams, their boundaries and interaction between authorities and levels, mutual recognition of risks and learning about resource capacities and their limitations. The study draws conclusions on aspects that are critical for designing emergency management tabletop exercises, in particularly discussions in mixed groups for interpretative learning; own practice reflection for integrative learning; formulating general collaborative competence objectives, and complexity and realism of scenarios.","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-5973.12517","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138513063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wireless Emergency Alerts and organisational response: Instructing and adjusting information in alerts 无线紧急警报和组织响应：指导和调整警报中的信息

IF 3.1 3区管理学

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management Pub Date : 2023-11-05 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12516

Lauren B. Cain, Jeannette Sutton, Michele K. Olson

{"title":"Wireless Emergency Alerts and organisational response: Instructing and adjusting information in alerts","authors":"Lauren B. Cain, Jeannette Sutton, Michele K. Olson","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.12516","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-5973.12516","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States, alerting authorities are authorized by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to notify the public of imminent hazards and threats by sending Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEAs) through the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS). Although recent efforts have been made to examine historical WEA compliance with frameworks such as Mileti and Sorenson's (1990) Warning Response Model, less attention has been paid to information included in WEAs that is not prescribed by message design frameworks from risk communication scholarship. This paper explores the presence of Situational Crisis Communication Theory's (SCCT) instructing and adjusting information in terse mobile alerts. The authors conducted a content analysis of 4777 WEAs sent between 2019 and 2022 to determine how often and in which contexts (i.e., hazard types, 90- or 360-character messages) these strategies are used. We find that the limited definition of adjusting information used in prior research (e.g., direction to mental health resources) is rarely included in WEAs. Additionally, we identify differences in use by message length (90- vs. 360-characters) and hazard type. We conclude that adjusting information in WEAs most frequently takes the form of organisational response information, thereby amending prior definitions of adjusting information to more closely align with the objectives and goals of warning message design.","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135726083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Business crisis management in wartime: Insights from Ukraine 战时商业危机管理：乌克兰的启示

IF 3.1 3区管理学

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12513

Sophia Opatska, Winni Johansen, Adam Gordon

{"title":"Business crisis management in wartime: Insights from Ukraine","authors":"Sophia Opatska, Winni Johansen, Adam Gordon","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.12513","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-5973.12513","url":null,"abstract":"Our research documents the experiences of business crisis management in wartime Ukraine. The goal of the paper is to contribute to our understanding of business crisis management in a conflict zone in wartime conditions, a significantly under-researched area. Based on interviews with the owners and managers of 20 Ukrainian companies spanning sectors and geography of the country, the paper provides insights into the various elements that characterize and distinguish war as a crisis type, including having an unknown end point, and, furthermore, what we can learn from how Ukrainian managers have approached this crisis. Among the key findings are how war situations appear to be “cosmology episodes” for which it is not possible to adequately prepare and for which the end point is unknown, both of which call for emergent, adaptive crisis management capabilities and leadership skills characterized by improvisation and other forms of resilience. Notwithstanding this, company wartime crisis management experiences have stimulated intention to more structured anticipatory and preparedness practices, as well as narratives of future renewal in communications with staff and stakeholders, which serve both as a guidepost and coping mechanism during the current crisis.","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-5973.12513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Actualizing novel trajectories: Chronological and kairotic improvisations 实现新轨迹：按时间顺序和开罗即兴创作

IF 3.1 3区管理学

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12514

Virginie Fernandez, Yvonne Giordano, Markus Hällgren

{"title":"Actualizing novel trajectories: Chronological and kairotic improvisations","authors":"Virginie Fernandez, Yvonne Giordano, Markus Hällgren","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.12514","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-5973.12514","url":null,"abstract":"The role of first responders during extreme crisis events consists of improvising under time pressure to retain control of the unfolding situation and mitigate harmful effects to help organizations restore their ‘normal’ functioning. This pervasive view of crises as cosmologic events obscures their transformational dimension and their long-term positive outcomes. In this article, we explore how actors respond to time pressure and vital stakes while identifying and actualizing a novel trajectory. They improvise to overcome limitations, create, and enact a desirable future to seize an opportunity that arises due to unexpected surprises. We argue that the actualization of novel trajectories relies on a combination of the enactment of a duplicate temporality that combines the chronological time-pressure of the unfolding event and kairotic time, in which critical decisions and actions actualize the desired future. Our contributions to the crisis management literature are twofold. First, we conceptualize chronological and kairotic improvisation practices to acknowledge that crisis response is not only about acting quickly but also about doing the right thing at the right time. Second, we shed light on crises as ‘cosmologic’ events, showing that they can be a point of origin for long-term positive outcomes. Finally, we advocate for a deeper and fine-grained consideration of time and temporality to advance crisis management studies.","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-5973.12514","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factionalism and schisms: Analyzing network structure and characteristics of online opinion leaders in an international religious crisis 派别和分裂：分析国际宗教危机中网络结构和网络舆论领袖的特点

IF 3.1 3区管理学

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12512

Jordan Morehouse, Brandon Boatwright

{"title":"Factionalism and schisms: Analyzing network structure and characteristics of online opinion leaders in an international religious crisis","authors":"Jordan Morehouse, Brandon Boatwright","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.12512","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-5973.12512","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses gaps in the crisis communication literature by examining the role and influence of online opinion leaders in an overlooked type of crisis—organizational factionalism and schisms. This study examined network attributes and characteristics of online opinion leaders during an international religious crisis by conducting a social network analysis of 27,710 posts on Twitter concerning the impending schism within the United Methodist Church. By bridging research on religious crises, organizational factions and schisms, and online opinion leadership in the public relations literature, our results advance theorizing in crisis communication, particularly for Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT). Results reveal online opinion leaders are influential entities and sources of information regarding the crisis, and are not homogeneous in their opinions, thus reflecting the ideological diversity present within factionalism crises. This study confirms and advances previous research by arguing that traditional methods of categorizing crises according to SCCT should not be solely relied on for factionalism and organizational schisms.","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135368155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emergence and institutionalization of interorganizational coordination structures in crises 危机中组织间协调结构的出现和制度化

IF 3.1 3区管理学

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12510

Tove Frykmer, Per Becker

{"title":"Emergence and institutionalization of interorganizational coordination structures in crises","authors":"Tove Frykmer, Per Becker","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.12510","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-5973.12510","url":null,"abstract":"Crises often reveal a mismatch between organizational and problem structures, demanding interorganizational coordination or new organizational solutions. Much is known about functions and roles of such organizational solutions, but less about the processes underlying them. This study investigates the processes behind the emergence and institutionalization of organizational solutions to meet new coordination needs in crises, using the Swedish County Administrative Boards' coordination offices for Covid-19 and Ukraine as a case. Based on 94 interviews across political-administrative levels, this study reveals that the coordination office emerged as an interorganizational coordination structure during Covid-19 but is now institutionalized and central to the crisis management system. The institutionalization began during the 2018 wildfires, demonstrating the importance of a decisive event in initiating and shaping organizational adaptation to crises. Thereafter, practices were institutionalized through increasing returns connected to incentives, commitments to norms and identities and objectification of shared ideas and routines. The findings motivate consideration of criteria for evaluating new coordination structures that may become permanent. Contingently evolving practices, often taken for granted and embedded in professional norms and identities, calls for explicit consideration of alternative practices. Last, this study illustrates the importance of appreciating the past when understanding present and future coordination structures.","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-5973.12510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring attitudes towards health preparedness in the Middle East and North Africa against chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats: A qualitative study 探讨中东和北非地区对防范化学、生物、放射性和核威胁的卫生准备工作的态度：定性研究

IF 3.1 3区管理学

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12509

Hassan Farhat, Guillaume Alinier, Mariana Helou, Ioannis Galatas, Denis Josse, Craig Campbell, Nelson Olim, Ayşe Handan Dökmeci, Mohammed Heriza, Henda Chebbi, Kawther El-Aifa, Amira Jaafar, Sami Souissi, Asma Ben Amor, Nicholas Castle, Loua Al-Shaikh, Walid Abougalala, Mohamed Ben Dhiab, James Laughton

{"title":"Exploring attitudes towards health preparedness in the Middle East and North Africa against chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats: A qualitative study","authors":"Hassan Farhat, Guillaume Alinier, Mariana Helou, Ioannis Galatas, Denis Josse, Craig Campbell, Nelson Olim, Ayşe Handan Dökmeci, Mohammed Heriza, Henda Chebbi, Kawther El-Aifa, Amira Jaafar, Sami Souissi, Asma Ben Amor, Nicholas Castle, Loua Al-Shaikh, Walid Abougalala, Mohamed Ben Dhiab, James Laughton","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.12509","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-5973.12509","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1970, Middle East and North African (MENA) countries have witnessed evolutionary industrial development and long-running terrorist and inter-country conflicts. Additionally, the risk of accidental, deliberate or natural chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats has also increased, requiring a collaborative review of the health sectors’ preparedness for potential CBRN risks within the region. This study aimed to explore the opinion of multidisciplinary experts interested in disaster management research in MENA about perspectives and challenges on readiness for potential CBRN incidents.A modified interview online link was sent to the participants. A qualitative thematic analysis was performed on the responses using Nvivo®12 software, following semi-structured modified interviews using the Phonic® application.A total of 29 participants were sufficient to reach the data saturation. Through an inductive coding approach, five themes were identified: ‘CBRN-Related Incidents are a Threat’, ‘Inadequate National Practice and Policy’, ‘Need for International Cooperation’, ‘Importance of Better Mass Gathering Management’, and ‘Ineffective Hospital Preparedness’.With the assistance of the World Health Organization, there is a consensus on the need for cooperation between the MENA countries to ensure adequate healthcare preparedness for CBRN threats. Suggested measures should be considered, such as creating a unified database and liaison officer designation.","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136359820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0