Opting Out: Over-Alerting and Warning Fatigue in the Era of Wireless Emergency Alerts

IF 2.2 3区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT
Jeannette Sutton, Michele M. Wood
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

While warning fatigue is commonly described among emergency management practitioners as a problem due to over-alerting, which leads to opting out, there has been limited research to define these concepts in a systematic manner that can inform policymaking around public alerting strategies, especially as they relate to Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA). In this study, we draw from semi-structured interviews with emergency managers and open-ended responses from surveys with emergency managers and members of the public, to develop definitions of ‘over-alerting’ and ‘warning fatigue’ and to identify the conditions that cause the public to ‘opt out’ of WEA messages. We conduct thematic content analyses to identify the dimensions of each concept, showing how they are represented by a variety of factors. We find that the antecedents to warning fatigue include alert frequency, relevancy and message content; symptoms of warning fatigue comprise mental strain, emotional and physiological stress and evaluative fatigue; the consequences of warning fatigue are threefold, including desensitization, complaining and opting out. By identifying the dimensions and factors that comprise warning fatigue, it becomes possible to determine what the true drivers are that affect decisions to turn off or tune out emergency alerts.

选择退出:无线紧急警报时代的过度警报和警报疲劳
虽然警报疲劳通常被应急管理从业者描述为由于过度警报而导致选择退出的问题,但以系统的方式定义这些概念的研究有限,这些概念可以为围绕公共警报策略的政策制定提供信息,特别是与无线紧急警报(WEA)相关的研究。在本研究中,我们从对应急管理人员的半结构化访谈和对应急管理人员和公众成员的开放式调查中得出结论,以制定“过度警报”和“警告疲劳”的定义,并确定导致公众“选择退出”WEA信息的条件。我们进行主题内容分析,以确定每个概念的维度,显示它们如何由各种因素表示。研究发现,预警疲劳的影响因素包括预警频率、关联度和信息内容;警觉性疲劳的症状包括精神紧张、情绪和生理压力以及评估性疲劳;警告疲劳的后果是三重的,包括脱敏、抱怨和选择退出。通过确定构成警告疲劳的维度和因素,就有可能确定影响关闭或关闭紧急警报决定的真正驱动因素是什么。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
12.90%
发文量
51
期刊介绍: The Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management is an invaluable source of information on all aspects of contingency planning, scenario analysis and crisis management in both corporate and public sectors. It focuses on the opportunities and threats facing organizations and presents analysis and case studies of crisis prevention, crisis planning, recovery and turnaround management. With contributions from world-wide sources including corporations, governmental agencies, think tanks and influential academics, this publication provides a vital platform for the exchange of strategic and operational experience, information and knowledge.
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