Cognitive Processing最新文献

{"title":"Contributions of working memory and inhibitory control to analogical reasoning in preschoolers: the mediating roles of vocabulary knowledge and visual perception.","authors":"Xin Chen, Yinghe Chen, Xiujie Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01281-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01281-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Working memory (WM) and inhibitory control (IC) are two critical executive function components that support children's analogical reasoning. WM provides a workspace for storing and manipulating relational information, while IC helps suppress irrelevant details and manage competing information. Despite their established roles, the specific mechanisms by which WM and IC influence analogical reasoning in preschoolers remain unclear. To address this gap, we proposed the mediating roles of vocabulary knowledge and visual perception in the relationships of WM, IC with analogical reasoning. Given that WM and IC are also crucial for developing vocabulary and visual processing skills, mediation analysis offers a comprehensive framework to reveal how these cognitive processes interact in preschoolers' analogical reasoning. A total of 180 Chinese preschoolers were recruited for this study, with ages ranging from 3 to 6 years (39.11-81.26 months; K1-K3). Results showed that after controlling for the child's age, gender, and IQ, WM was still positively correlated with children's analogical reasoning, and the role of IC was not significant. Moreover, vocabulary knowledge and visual perception played mediating roles in the linkage between WM, IC, and analogical reasoning. These findings emphasized the roles of visual perception and vocabulary in supporting children's acquisition of analogical reasoning. This could offer practical implications for effectively enhancing children's analogical reasoning skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of urban street network topology on human spatial cognition: a systematic review.","authors":"Hamed Ahmadi, Meysam Argany, Abolfazl Ghanbari, Manijeh Firoozi","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01279-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01279-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous studies have demonstrated that variations in streets' topological characteristics impact the degree to which people perceive the structure of urban environments. Accordingly, this systematic review aimed to evaluate how the topological parameters affect human spatial cognition, and also analyze the study methods used in studies. The PRISMA reporting guidelines were used in this regard. We systematically searched the Web of Science and Scopus until April 19, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the title, abstract, and full text for the eligibility criteria. A total of 39 articles met our eligibility criteria. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess the quality of the included articles. The studies have followed four objectives: wayfinding, pedestrian volume, route choice, and spatial representation. Quantitative descriptive, quantitative non-randomized, and observational methodologies were mostly employed. The evaluations mostly used space syntax theory, and accordingly, Depthmap, DepthmapX, and GIS-based toolboxes were used to analyze the topological parameters. Base and blank maps, street photos, and questionnaires have been used in many studies as experiment tools, while virtual reality tools have been less considered. The control variables have been rarely applied in the evaluations. The results indicated that integrated streets and streets with high choice values enhance human spatial cognition. Dense and intelligible street networks and streets with high-directional connectivity also enhance human spatial cognition; however, very few studies evaluated these parameters' influence. The results of evaluating the impact of the other parameters were very heterogeneous. The heterogeneity was mainly related to differences in the study designs, trip purpose, objectives, and spatial scales. Seldom studies have compared how different topological parameters influence spatial cognition. In conclusion, further research, especially experimental quantitative randomized controlled trials, is warranted to discover the impact of street network topology on human spatial cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The inhibition of return is independent of attentional orienting both within and between modalities.","authors":"Guangyao Zu, Jiaqi Wang, Xiaoyuan Liu, Aijun Wang, Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01278-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01278-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to a phenomenon that individuals respond more slowly when the target is presented in the previously cued location in a cue-target paradigm. Although there is a large amount of evidence to support the \"reorienting hypothesis\" of IOR, it is still continuously challenged in the visual single-modal domain. However, it is unclear whether the occurrence of IOR under cross-modality is consistent with the reorienting hypothesis. In the present study, we used a variant of the cue-target paradigm to investigate the effect of attentional orienting as modulated by the central reorienting cue on IOR within the visual modality (Experiment 1) and across auditory-visual modalities (Experiment 2). The results showed that IOR triggered by the peripheral cue and attentional orienting triggered by the central reorienting cue directionality occurred in both the visual single-modal condition and the auditory-visual cross-modal condition, but there was no interaction between them. These results indicated that attentional reorienting may not be the cause of IOR in either single-modal or cross-modal auditory-visual conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of the Big Five personality traits on cognitive performance in scientific reasoning: an ordered network analysis.","authors":"Huimin Liu, Tai Wang, Zhiqiang Cai","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01276-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01276-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scientific reasoning is essential for developing learners' higher-order thinking skills. Learners with different personality traits exhibit distinct behaviors and cognitive patterns in reasoning processes. However, school education often overlooks the cognitive patterns involved in scientific reasoning and rarely considers the impact of varying levels of personality traits on cognitive processes. This study aims to explore the impact of different personality traits on cognitive processes in scientific reasoning. We analyzed discussions from 70 university students during scientific reasoning tasks. Using ordered network analysis, we visualized epistemic networks to examine how personality traits shape cognitive processes during scientific reasoning. Significant differences emerged across the Big Five personality traits: For neuroticism, the low group adopted a bottom-up reasoning approach, beginning with concrete evidence before forming hypotheses, while the high group took a top-down, hypothesis-driven approach. For extraversion, the low group preferred independent problem-solving, whereas the high group actively engaged in social interactions to enhance reasoning. For openness, the low group showed a conservative style, contrasted by the high group's innovative thinking. For agreeableness, the low group was more independent, while the high group showed cooperation and attentiveness to others' views. Lastly, for conscientiousness, the low group exhibited a casual cognitive style, whereas the high group demonstrated goal-oriented thinking. These findings provide insights for incorporating personality factors into group formation, which is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of collaborative learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in the relationship between autistic traits and face-change discrimination sensitivity in the general population: a psychophysical investigation.","authors":"Midori Sugiyama, Masaki Mori","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01272-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01272-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The findings on the effect of autistic traits on face recognition performance vary across previous studies. Even though people with higher autistic traits have difficulties identifying faces, the extent to which they have difficulties is unknown. Moreover, even though Autism Spectrum Disorder has sex differences in prevalence and symptoms, a limited number of studies consider sex differences in face recognition. The present study examined the relationship between face-change discrimination sensitivity and autistic traits considering sex differences. The participants included 82 females and 88 males in the general population. Face change blindness task using psychophysical method was used to evaluate the degree of sensitivity to faces in each participant. A psychometric function computed the Point of Subjective Equality (PSE) as the morphing level required to discriminate between faces. The Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) was also administered to participants. The results revealed a negative relationship between the total score of the AQ and the PSE in females but not males. This study suggests that sex differences should be considered when examining the relationship between autistic traits and other-face perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond technological rationality: analysis of cognitive components in innovative movements.","authors":"Sepehr Ghazinoory, Javad Amani, Tahereh Saheb, Abolghasem Sarabadani","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01277-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01277-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influence of cognitive components such as attention and consciousness, perception and emotion, memory and mental patterns, language and meaning, problem-solving and creativity, decision-making and reasoning, and intelligence can be identified and tracked across many phenomena. Innovation is also effective as a consequence of the dynamic movement of these components. In the analysis of innovative movements, issues have been highlighted that have not been addressed by the rational and logical attitude of the technological approach, and in some cases, these issues are in direct opposition to the resulting rationalism from this attitude. To decipher these propositions, it is necessary to investigate the effects of cognitive components on innovative processes and then analyze the scope of these effects. The influence of creativity on innovative factors has been mentioned among the cognitive components, but the role of components such as perception, emotion, and meaning, which are introduced as stimuli for the initiation of an innovative movement, has been discussed less. Most products have an acceptable level of technology in their function, but they have deficiencies in the cognitive dimension. In fact, cognitive components can be considered a competitive advantage for firms.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of frontal cortex functional connectivity during cognitive tasks: insights from fNIRS analysis in the Dual n-back Paradigm.","authors":"Sima Shirzadi, Mehrdad Dadgostar, Hamidreza Hosseinzadeh, Zahra Einalou","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01275-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01275-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human brain operates as a complex network, and understanding its functional connectivity is a core challenge in neuroscience. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers a non-invasive, portable method for studying brain activity and connectivity, providing valuable insights into the brain's network dynamics. In this study, we used fNIRS to examine the functional connectivity of the human brain during the Dual n-back task, a cognitive challenge that varies in memory load (0-back, 1-back, and 2-back). Data were collected from 24 channels in the frontal cortex and pre-processed with discrete wavelet transform. Functional connectivity matrices for each task level were calculated using correlation analysis, and graph theory metrics such as clustering coefficient and local and global efficiency were assessed. Statistical comparisons (t-tests and ANOVA) revealed significant differences in these metrics across memory load levels, with higher memory loads leading to altered brain connectivity patterns (p < 0.05 for clustering coefficient and local efficiency, p < 0.04 for global efficiency). These findings suggest that as cognitive demand increases, the functional connectivity of the brain's frontal network changes, reflecting the dynamic nature of brain activity during complex tasks. This research highlights the potential of fNIRS for exploring brain network functions and has broader implications for understanding cognitive processes and developing neurocognitive diagnostics and interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in complex thinking and neurotechnologies in education: a bibliometric analysis of research trends.","authors":"Jorge Sanabria-Z, Manuel Cebral-Loureda, Javier M Antelis, SeungHee Lee","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01273-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01273-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroscience research to decode cognitive and emotional processes has been widely embraced in education. The development of methodologies, case studies, and new technologies have advanced our understanding of students' complex thinking. Despite these advancements, long-term analysis at the convergence of neurosciences, education, and complex thinking remains limited. To address this gap, we conducted a bibliometric review using the prism method, spanning from 1960 to 2023 to map research trends, thematic evolutions, and future challenges. Our analysis of 3792 Scopus-indexed studies using advanced data visualization techniques yielded the following findings: (1) a predominant focus on critical thinking, with creativity driving innovative approaches that enhance problem-solving; (2) growing integration of neurotechnologies-such as EEG and neuroimaging-to assess and optimize cognitive engagement in educational settings; (3) an increasing emphasis on metacognition, highlighting its role as a reflective thinking strategy that fosters cogntive control and higher-order thinking; and (4) emerging research on executive functions, particularly their role in fostering decision-making and cognitive flexibility in learning environments. These findings contribute to the understanding of cognitive processes and inform practical applications in education, including the design of personalized learning strategies, real-time cognitive assessment tools, and neurotechnology-supported pedagogical models. The study advocates an interdisciplinary approach, integrating neuroscientific insights into complex thinking to enhance cognitive processing within STEAM education.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of core self-evaluation, mindful awareness, & anger rumination on forgiveness.","authors":"James J Collard, Amanda N Stephens","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01274-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01274-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forgiveness is crucial for emotional wellbeing and good mental health. It is therefore important to understand what cognitive processes may promote forgiveness to achieve optimal outcomes for individuals. There is some evidence to suggest that core self-evaluation (CSE) is related to how forgiving an individual may be. However, these studies have shown that this influence may be mediated by other cognitive processes. To date, the combined role of anger rumination and mindfulness as potential mediators has not been considered. This is despite recognized associations with constructs that underly CSE. To address this gap in knowledge, this study aimed to explore the relationship between CSE and forgiveness; considering whether this relationship is mediated by mindfulness and anger rumination. A further contribution to knowledge was that these relationships were considered across the three subtypes of forgiveness: self, others, and situation. A total of 490 participants (54% men; 45% women; 1% non-binary; average age = 43.7 years; SD = 17.7) provided complete responses to an online questionnaire measuring CSE, forgiveness, mindfulness, and anger rumination. The results demonstrated that CSE was positively related to forgiveness and mindfulness and negatively related to anger rumination. Mediation analysis demonstrated that some of the influence of CSE on forgiveness was through mindfulness and anger rumination. These results indicate that people with higher levels of CSE tend to have a greater degree of mindfulness, are less likely to engage in anger rumination, and are subsequently more likely to be forgiving. These findings provide further insight into the beliefs and processes that contribute to an individual's willingness to forgive. It also suggests that interventions targeting CSE, mindfulness, and anger rumination can help with the promotion of forgiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online level-2 perspective taking for newly learnt symbols.","authors":"Réka Pető, Fruzsina Elekes, Ildikó Király","doi":"10.1007/s10339-024-01244-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-024-01244-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans demonstrate spontaneous sensitivity to other people's perspectives on object identities in online tasks. Evidence shows that this not only involves representing the mere discrepancy between perspectives, but the content of such perspectives as well (level-2 perspective taking/L2PT). However, this evidence comes from studies using culturally grounded symbols which leaves open the possibility that having extensive, easily accessible background knowledge about an object is necessary for the L2PT effect. Experiment 1 tested this by comparing L2PT across two groups: one performing a verification task on Arabic numbers, and one on newly learnt symbol-label pairs. In both groups, half of the visual stimuli was symmetrical, while half was asymmetrical. In both cases, there was a joint condition: participants performed the task in parallel with a partner, observing stimuli from opposite angles, thus having conflicting interpretations for asymmetric characters. Furthermore, they also performed the verification task individually, while their partner had no visual access to the stimuli. We found an interference effect in both groups. However, while the effect was stable in the number group, it diminished over time in the symbol group. Experiments 2a and 2b demonstrated that the complexity of the recently learnt symbols has an influence on spontaneous L2PT: the same procedure with more complex symbols did not elicit any interference effect. Our results show that online L2PT is not limited to objects that participants have proficiency in identifying. Nevertheless, the L2PT effect seems to diminish when participants have to process increasingly complex novel symbols.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"331-343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12055949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}