Cognitive Processing最新文献

{"title":"Perceptual features win again: the role of knowledge of acting with objects in visual search.","authors":"Anufrieva Anastasia, Gorbunova Elena","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01289-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-025-01289-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Can the activation of a motor programme help find object? On the assumption that knowledge about the way of acting with an object is included in its general representation, in the naming and categorization tasks a compatibility effect was obtained. Since during visual search an attention template is formed on the basis of theobject representation, the question of the occurrence of compatibility effect within a visual search task arises. This study focuses on the issue of the emergence of compatibility effects in visual search using subsequent search misses (SSM) paradigm. In a visual search task, subjects had to find a target stimulus (images of real objects) among distractors. There could be two, one, or none targets. During the search, subjects performed a differentiated grasping or pinching movements that were congruent, incongruent, and partially congruent to the target object. Additionally, an experiment was conducted where subjects didn't perform any movement while searching for the same objects. The results demonstrated that visual search efficiency for the first or single target depends on perceptual features of objects rather than motor program congruency. Moreover, reaction time for the second target or reporting its absence linked with the search efficiency of the first or single ones: the more time spent searching for the first or single target, the less time was required for the second or for reporting absence. Generally speaking, activation of motor program has no impact on visual search for images of real objects in SSM paradigm.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"801-819"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of cognitive load and social context on co-representation in joint actions.","authors":"Yizhen Han, Xinyuan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01292-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-025-01292-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Co-representation refers to the phenomenon where individuals integrate others' behaviors into their own representations during joint actions. The impact of cooperation and competition on co-representation has long been controversial. This study employed the joint Simon task to explore the influence of social context (cooperative vs. competitive) on co-representation under varying cognitive loads. The findings reveal a significant Simon effect in the solo Simon task group, cooperative group and competition group (Experiment 1), regardless of the presence of additional cognitive load, but not in the solo go-nogo task group (Experiment 2). However, Experiments 1 and 2 both showed that there was no significant interaction between social context and compatibility on RT. Moreover, there was no significant change in Simon effect under different cognitive loads in both cooperative group and competition group in Experiment 1 and 2. Our findings demonstrate that individuals maintain co-representation of co-actors' behaviors in both cooperative and competitive contexts. However, despite the additional cognitive load, individuals continue to co-represent others in both cooperation and competition, suggesting that the cognitive load introduced in current study is not sufficient to disrupt the co-representation. We discuss these findings in the context of the JSE's task co-representation theory and integrated social-cognitive accounts.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"837-848"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of the Big Five personality traits on cognitive performance in scientific reasoning: an ordered network analysis.","authors":"Huimin Liu, Tai Wang, Zhiqiang Cai","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01276-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-025-01276-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scientific reasoning is essential for developing learners' higher-order thinking skills. Learners with different personality traits exhibit distinct behaviors and cognitive patterns in reasoning processes. However, school education often overlooks the cognitive patterns involved in scientific reasoning and rarely considers the impact of varying levels of personality traits on cognitive processes. This study aims to explore the impact of different personality traits on cognitive processes in scientific reasoning. We analyzed discussions from 70 university students during scientific reasoning tasks. Using ordered network analysis, we visualized epistemic networks to examine how personality traits shape cognitive processes during scientific reasoning. Significant differences emerged across the Big Five personality traits: For neuroticism, the low group adopted a bottom-up reasoning approach, beginning with concrete evidence before forming hypotheses, while the high group took a top-down, hypothesis-driven approach. For extraversion, the low group preferred independent problem-solving, whereas the high group actively engaged in social interactions to enhance reasoning. For openness, the low group showed a conservative style, contrasted by the high group's innovative thinking. For agreeableness, the low group was more independent, while the high group showed cooperation and attentiveness to others' views. Lastly, for conscientiousness, the low group exhibited a casual cognitive style, whereas the high group demonstrated goal-oriented thinking. These findings provide insights for incorporating personality factors into group formation, which is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of collaborative learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"849-863"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of gender stereotype threat on motor performance, cognitive anxiety, and gaze behavior: highlighting the role of context.","authors":"Seyyed Mohammadreza Mousavi, Ludvík Valtr, Kazuki Maruo, Leila Mafakher, Raphaël Laurin, Reza Abdollahipour, Takehiro Iwatsuki","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01287-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-025-01287-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of gender stereotype is a well-established area of research in sports and social psychology. It has been suggested that the effect of negative gender stereotypes on motor performance may not be the same in two different cultures with varying levels of stereotype beliefs, however, no research explored this suggestion. The primary objective was to investigate the impact of negative gender stereotypes on motor performance. Two experiments, Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) conducted in Iran, a country with relatively strong stereotypical beliefs, and Experiment 2 (Exp. 2) conducted in the Czech Republic, a country with relatively less pronounced stereotypical beliefs, involved participants engaging in dart-throwing. In both experiments, motor performance and cognitive anxiety were assessed, while gaze behavior was additionally measured in Exp. 2 to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the impact of gender stereotypes on motor performance. The results of Exp. 1 showed that Iranian women in the stereotype condition exhibited lower dart-throwing performance and higher levels of cognitive anxiety, as compared with the neutral condition. Conversely, Exp. 2 demonstrated that among Czech women, there were no significant differences in dart-throwing performance, cognitive anxiety, or gaze behavior between the conditions. These findings were discussed within the cognitive and socio-cultural framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"877-889"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of individual differences in executive functions in kindergarten children - a microgenetic study.","authors":"Eva Michel, Julia Gießübel, Anja Grimm, Leonie Wild","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01283-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-025-01283-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Executive functions (EF) are higher cognitive processes which are involved in new, complex tasks. EF are often subdivided into three components: updating of working memory representations, shifting between tasks or task rules, and inhibiting predominant reactions or interfering stimuli. Individual differences in EF are often used to predict academic performance. Although the temporal stability of a construct is a necessary condition for its use as a predictor, the stability of EF in children remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the short-term stability of individual EF performance in N = 57 kindergarten children. They were tested eight times every 2-3 days with an n-back task to measure updating, a colour/shape sorting task to measure shifting, and a go/no-go task to measure inhibition. Four-week stabilities were high for inhibition and low to moderate for updating and shifting. In latent state-trait analyses, half of the variance in inhibition but very small amounts of variance in updating and shifting variance were explained by trait. Moderate to high amounts of variance in all three tasks were explained by state. The results are discussed in terms of the usefulness of the tasks for measuring stable EF in kindergarten age and for predicting later performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"935-946"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12528244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestalt approach and cognitive fallacies: mitigating negative recency and positive recency.","authors":"Yeonho Choi, Kyungil Kim, Lisa K Son","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01309-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01309-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined whether Gestalt-based manipulations can reduce individual's tendency to follow negative recency (NR) or positive recency (PR) by inducing their perception that events are not related. Two types of manipulation - grouping and closure - were introduced through a series of Coin Prediction Tasks. In the Grouping-based Coin Prediction Task (G-CPT), participants were more likely to exhibit NR or PR tendencies when past outcomes and predictions were presented within the same trial compared to when they were presented in separate trials. In the Closure-based Coin Prediction Task (C-CPT), previous results ending with a streak of a dominant event elicited more NR or PR responses, whereas previous outcomes ending with a non-dominant event reduced these fallacies. Overall, this study provides evidence that Gestalt-based manipulations can mitigate cognitive fallacies. Our findings emphasize the importance of Gestalt framing in probabilistic decision-making contexts. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of state self-objectification on facial emotion recognition: the role of sexualized information.","authors":"Liming Yue, Zhennan Liu, Yinying Hu, Xiangping Gao","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01307-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01307-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>State Self-Objectification (SSO) refers to a temporary psychological state in which individuals become acutely aware of and focus on their physical appearance, typically as a result of external appearance-related cues. With societal emphasis on appearance growing, understanding SSO's impact on emotional and social functioning is critical. This study employed event-related potential (ERP) technology and an emotional oddball paradigm to investigate the impact of SSO on facial emotion recognition and its temporal processing characteristics. Specifically, four ERP components (P1, N170, P2, and P3) associated with distinct stages of visual and emotional processing were analyzed. The results of Experiment 1 revealed that the high-SSO group exhibited longer reaction times and lower accuracy in facial emotion recognition, along with significantly smaller P3 amplitudes compared to the low-SSO group. Importantly, when recognizing negative emotions (as opposed to positive emotions), the high-SSO group displayed significantly larger N170 amplitudes. These findings suggest that SSO impairs late-stage cognitive processing (P3) and induces a pronounced negativity bias during early perceptual processing (N170). Experiment 2 incorporated sexualized information as a moderating factor and found that the high-SSO group showed longer reaction times and lower accuracy when recognizing positive and neutral emotions. Furthermore, independent of emotional valence, the high-SSO group exhibited significantly larger P1 amplitudes compared to the low-SSO group. Conversely, within the low-SSO group, recognizing negative emotions (relative to neutral emotions) elicited significantly larger N170 amplitudes. In summary, SSO significantly impairs both behavioral performance and neural processing during facial emotion recognition, with sexualized information further intensifying these effects. This research highlights the importance of understanding how appearance-focused social environments and self-objectification jointly disrupt the cognitive and affective mechanisms underlying social interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145276412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Face-like cues direct attention more narrowly than arrows.","authors":"Polina Rafailova, Aida Malikova, Justyne Ingwu, Rebecca Wintjen, Thomas G Hutcheon","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01305-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01305-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has found that eye-gaze directs attention in a location-based manner. In contrast, arrows direct attention in an object-based manner. In the current set of experiments, we attempted to extend this basic finding in two ways. In Experiment 1, we tested whether these effects would be replicated using real-world stimuli. In Experiment 2, we tested whether the eye-gaze of a robot would direct attention in a location-based manner (like eye-gaze) or object-based manner (like arrows). Across two experiments, we replicated previous work that found eye-gaze directs attention in a location-based manner and extend this finding to the eye-gaze of a robot. However, our pattern of results for arrow cues was more complex. It appears that arrows prioritize specific locations (similar to eye-gaze) but in contrast to eye-gaze, this priority spreads to the rest of the cued object. These findings are important for understanding the role of social factors in the mechanisms underlying the gaze-cueing effect and have implications for how human-robot interactions should be designed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychophysical dissection of temporal error monitoring.","authors":"Tutku Öztel, Fuat Balcı","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01302-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01302-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent line of research robustly demonstrated that humans and rodents can keep track of the magnitude and direction of timing errors, composing a temporal error monitoring ability (TEM). However, the degree of dissociation between these two measures of TEM has not been investigated at the level of the underlying mental magnitude metrics. Specifically, we do not know whether the two behavioral manifestations of TEM differentially rely on subjective vs. objective time, whether the discriminability of time intervals relies on ratio and absolute differences, respectively. To this end, we first tested whether behavioral manifestations of TEM depend on relative (cognitive timing) or absolute timing errors (sensorimotor timing). In light of our earlier findings showing differential metacognitive processing of timing errors as a function of different levels of agency, we also tested whether the potential information processing differences in TEM measures differ across different levels of agency of timing errors? In two different datasets, we found that magnitude and direction monitoring of timing errors relied on the absolute (i.e., arithmetic/linear) and relative (i.e., ratio) distances, respectively. These effects were more pronounced for owned versus unowned errors for timing error magnitude monitoring and timing error direction monitoring, respectively. Together, this study demonstrated that the timing error direction monitoring relies more on cognitive timing, whereas error magnitude monitoring relies more on sensorimotor timing.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual complexity and frequency of graphemes in amharic: implications for dyslexics and dysgraphics.","authors":"Abebayehu Messele Mekonnen, R Malatesha Joshi","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01295-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01295-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}