Cognitive Processing最新文献

{"title":"The generalizability issue in studying inflectional processing in real time: the potential effects of suffixal characteristics.","authors":"Zhaohong Wu, Melinda Fricke","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01288-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01288-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For both native speakers and second language (L2) learners, variation in the relative order of acquisition of inflectional morphemes has been shown in the literature. Previous studies employing the simple lexical decision task have also shown effects of suffixal characteristics on word recognition of both derived and inflected words such that some inflectional suffixes trigger whole-word processing while others contribute to decomposition. Additionally, evidence from the masked priming paradigm shows that suffixal characteristics affect the efficiency of morphological decomposition of derived words during early-stage processing. However, very little work has systematically examined the early stages of processing inflected words with different suffixes, leaving our understanding of the factors that impact the early-stage processing of inflected words incomplete at best. We argue that the overwhelming focus on the past tense -ed suffix in previous L2 studies risks exacerbating already serious generalizability issues in the realm of L2 research. Future studies would therefore do well to include and compare a wider range of inflectional suffixes, which may well require looking beyond English. This is essential for the field to make progress toward a more complete understanding of the processing of morphologically complex words.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the persuasiveness of conspiracy theories: a comparison of narrative and argumentative strategies.","authors":"Ines Adornetti, Daniela Altavilla, Alessandra Chiera, Valentina Deriu, Anna Gerna, Lorenzo Picca, Francesco Ferretti","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01282-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01282-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study examined the persuasive impact of conspiracy theories (CTs) in relation to two distinct communicative strategies: argumentation and narrative. The final sample consisted of 160 participants, randomly assigned to three groups: a first group (N = 56) watched a video in which a conspiracy theory related to the Chernobyl nuclear power plant explosion was presented in a predominantly argumentative form (mostly argumentative group: MAG); a second group (N = 53) who watched a video in which the same conspiracy theory was presented in a predominantly narrative form (mostly narrative group: MNG); and a third control group (CG) (N = 51) who watched a video on non-conspiracy topics. The experiment was conducted online by the participants. The scores obtained on the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs (GCB) scale (Brotherton et al. in Front Psychol 4:279, 2013) at T0 (before exposure to the persuasive message) and T1 (after exposure) in three groups of participants were evaluated. Furthermore, the level of education, subclinical psychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism), paranoid persecution, and paranoid reference, as well as the level of transportation, were also assessed. The primary findings indicated that there was a greater endorsement of conspiratorial beliefs at T1 than at T0 in the MAG. In contrast, no change was observed in the total score of the GCB scale at T1 compared to T0 in the MNG. However, in the MNG there was an increase in one subscale of the GCB, which related to government malfeasance. Overall, these results indicate that both conspiracy arguments and conspiracy narratives can influence audience beliefs. However, argumentation appears to have a more pronounced effect than narrative.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of individual differences in executive functions in kindergarten children - a microgenetic study.","authors":"Eva Michel, Julia Gießübel, Anja Grimm, Leonie Wild","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01283-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01283-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Executive functions (EF) are higher cognitive processes which are involved in new, complex tasks. EF are often subdivided into three components: updating of working memory representations, shifting between tasks or task rules, and inhibiting predominant reactions or interfering stimuli. Individual differences in EF are often used to predict academic performance. Although the temporal stability of a construct is a necessary condition for its use as a predictor, the stability of EF in children remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the short-term stability of individual EF performance in N = 57 kindergarten children. They were tested eight times every 2-3 days with an n-back task to measure updating, a colour/shape sorting task to measure shifting, and a go/no-go task to measure inhibition. Four-week stabilities were high for inhibition and low to moderate for updating and shifting. In latent state-trait analyses, half of the variance in inhibition but very small amounts of variance in updating and shifting variance were explained by trait. Moderate to high amounts of variance in all three tasks were explained by state. The results are discussed in terms of the usefulness of the tasks for measuring stable EF in kindergarten age and for predicting later performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing affordances: mixed-methods review on techniques to study affordances in virtual reality environments.","authors":"Tania Miranti Chumaira, Lily Díaz-Kommonen, Luis Emilio Bruni","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01280-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01280-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of virtual reality (VR) research and innovation has mainly revolved around graphic enhancement and novel ways of human-computer interaction. In recent years, many VR researchers have urgently started to investigate methods to assess elements of the spatial experience of VR, such as presence and affordances. In the recent two decades, while VR researchers began to learn to measure such elements within the VR environment, studies of these elements have already been common in architecture, although the methods might differ. Therefore, this study reviews different techniques to study affordances in architecture and VR research through a mixed-method review. First, we conducted a systematic review on the methods used to study affordances in VR environments. Then, we proceeded to undertake a traditional literature review on those methods which assess spatial affordances in architecture. This study identifies the merits of current techniques of measuring affordances in both physical and virtual spaces. Through this study, we would like to suggest three methods employed in architecture as an alternative with which to assess affordances when studying spatial experience in VR environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributions of working memory and inhibitory control to analogical reasoning in preschoolers: the mediating roles of vocabulary knowledge and visual perception.","authors":"Xin Chen, Yinghe Chen, Xiujie Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01281-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01281-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Working memory (WM) and inhibitory control (IC) are two critical executive function components that support children's analogical reasoning. WM provides a workspace for storing and manipulating relational information, while IC helps suppress irrelevant details and manage competing information. Despite their established roles, the specific mechanisms by which WM and IC influence analogical reasoning in preschoolers remain unclear. To address this gap, we proposed the mediating roles of vocabulary knowledge and visual perception in the relationships of WM, IC with analogical reasoning. Given that WM and IC are also crucial for developing vocabulary and visual processing skills, mediation analysis offers a comprehensive framework to reveal how these cognitive processes interact in preschoolers' analogical reasoning. A total of 180 Chinese preschoolers were recruited for this study, with ages ranging from 3 to 6 years (39.11-81.26 months; K1-K3). Results showed that after controlling for the child's age, gender, and IQ, WM was still positively correlated with children's analogical reasoning, and the role of IC was not significant. Moreover, vocabulary knowledge and visual perception played mediating roles in the linkage between WM, IC, and analogical reasoning. These findings emphasized the roles of visual perception and vocabulary in supporting children's acquisition of analogical reasoning. This could offer practical implications for effectively enhancing children's analogical reasoning skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of urban street network topology on human spatial cognition: a systematic review.","authors":"Hamed Ahmadi, Meysam Argany, Abolfazl Ghanbari, Manijeh Firoozi","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01279-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01279-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous studies have demonstrated that variations in streets' topological characteristics impact the degree to which people perceive the structure of urban environments. Accordingly, this systematic review aimed to evaluate how the topological parameters affect human spatial cognition, and also analyze the study methods used in studies. The PRISMA reporting guidelines were used in this regard. We systematically searched the Web of Science and Scopus until April 19, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the title, abstract, and full text for the eligibility criteria. A total of 39 articles met our eligibility criteria. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess the quality of the included articles. The studies have followed four objectives: wayfinding, pedestrian volume, route choice, and spatial representation. Quantitative descriptive, quantitative non-randomized, and observational methodologies were mostly employed. The evaluations mostly used space syntax theory, and accordingly, Depthmap, DepthmapX, and GIS-based toolboxes were used to analyze the topological parameters. Base and blank maps, street photos, and questionnaires have been used in many studies as experiment tools, while virtual reality tools have been less considered. The control variables have been rarely applied in the evaluations. The results indicated that integrated streets and streets with high choice values enhance human spatial cognition. Dense and intelligible street networks and streets with high-directional connectivity also enhance human spatial cognition; however, very few studies evaluated these parameters' influence. The results of evaluating the impact of the other parameters were very heterogeneous. The heterogeneity was mainly related to differences in the study designs, trip purpose, objectives, and spatial scales. Seldom studies have compared how different topological parameters influence spatial cognition. In conclusion, further research, especially experimental quantitative randomized controlled trials, is warranted to discover the impact of street network topology on human spatial cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The inhibition of return is independent of attentional orienting both within and between modalities.","authors":"Guangyao Zu, Jiaqi Wang, Xiaoyuan Liu, Aijun Wang, Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01278-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01278-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to a phenomenon that individuals respond more slowly when the target is presented in the previously cued location in a cue-target paradigm. Although there is a large amount of evidence to support the \"reorienting hypothesis\" of IOR, it is still continuously challenged in the visual single-modal domain. However, it is unclear whether the occurrence of IOR under cross-modality is consistent with the reorienting hypothesis. In the present study, we used a variant of the cue-target paradigm to investigate the effect of attentional orienting as modulated by the central reorienting cue on IOR within the visual modality (Experiment 1) and across auditory-visual modalities (Experiment 2). The results showed that IOR triggered by the peripheral cue and attentional orienting triggered by the central reorienting cue directionality occurred in both the visual single-modal condition and the auditory-visual cross-modal condition, but there was no interaction between them. These results indicated that attentional reorienting may not be the cause of IOR in either single-modal or cross-modal auditory-visual conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of the Big Five personality traits on cognitive performance in scientific reasoning: an ordered network analysis.","authors":"Huimin Liu, Tai Wang, Zhiqiang Cai","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01276-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01276-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scientific reasoning is essential for developing learners' higher-order thinking skills. Learners with different personality traits exhibit distinct behaviors and cognitive patterns in reasoning processes. However, school education often overlooks the cognitive patterns involved in scientific reasoning and rarely considers the impact of varying levels of personality traits on cognitive processes. This study aims to explore the impact of different personality traits on cognitive processes in scientific reasoning. We analyzed discussions from 70 university students during scientific reasoning tasks. Using ordered network analysis, we visualized epistemic networks to examine how personality traits shape cognitive processes during scientific reasoning. Significant differences emerged across the Big Five personality traits: For neuroticism, the low group adopted a bottom-up reasoning approach, beginning with concrete evidence before forming hypotheses, while the high group took a top-down, hypothesis-driven approach. For extraversion, the low group preferred independent problem-solving, whereas the high group actively engaged in social interactions to enhance reasoning. For openness, the low group showed a conservative style, contrasted by the high group's innovative thinking. For agreeableness, the low group was more independent, while the high group showed cooperation and attentiveness to others' views. Lastly, for conscientiousness, the low group exhibited a casual cognitive style, whereas the high group demonstrated goal-oriented thinking. These findings provide insights for incorporating personality factors into group formation, which is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of collaborative learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in the relationship between autistic traits and face-change discrimination sensitivity in the general population: a psychophysical investigation.","authors":"Midori Sugiyama, Masaki Mori","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01272-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01272-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The findings on the effect of autistic traits on face recognition performance vary across previous studies. Even though people with higher autistic traits have difficulties identifying faces, the extent to which they have difficulties is unknown. Moreover, even though Autism Spectrum Disorder has sex differences in prevalence and symptoms, a limited number of studies consider sex differences in face recognition. The present study examined the relationship between face-change discrimination sensitivity and autistic traits considering sex differences. The participants included 82 females and 88 males in the general population. Face change blindness task using psychophysical method was used to evaluate the degree of sensitivity to faces in each participant. A psychometric function computed the Point of Subjective Equality (PSE) as the morphing level required to discriminate between faces. The Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) was also administered to participants. The results revealed a negative relationship between the total score of the AQ and the PSE in females but not males. This study suggests that sex differences should be considered when examining the relationship between autistic traits and other-face perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond technological rationality: analysis of cognitive components in innovative movements.","authors":"Sepehr Ghazinoory, Javad Amani, Tahereh Saheb, Abolghasem Sarabadani","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01277-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01277-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influence of cognitive components such as attention and consciousness, perception and emotion, memory and mental patterns, language and meaning, problem-solving and creativity, decision-making and reasoning, and intelligence can be identified and tracked across many phenomena. Innovation is also effective as a consequence of the dynamic movement of these components. In the analysis of innovative movements, issues have been highlighted that have not been addressed by the rational and logical attitude of the technological approach, and in some cases, these issues are in direct opposition to the resulting rationalism from this attitude. To decipher these propositions, it is necessary to investigate the effects of cognitive components on innovative processes and then analyze the scope of these effects. The influence of creativity on innovative factors has been mentioned among the cognitive components, but the role of components such as perception, emotion, and meaning, which are introduced as stimuli for the initiation of an innovative movement, has been discussed less. Most products have an acceptable level of technology in their function, but they have deficiencies in the cognitive dimension. In fact, cognitive components can be considered a competitive advantage for firms.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}