Cognitive Processing最新文献

{"title":"Perceptual features win again: the role of knowledge of acting with objects in visual search.","authors":"Anufrieva Anastasia, Gorbunova Elena","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01289-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01289-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Can the activation of a motor programme help find object? On the assumption that knowledge about the way of acting with an object is included in its general representation, in the naming and categorization tasks a compatibility effect was obtained. Since during visual search an attention template is formed on the basis of theobject representation, the question of the occurrence of compatibility effect within a visual search task arises. This study focuses on the issue of the emergence of compatibility effects in visual search using subsequent search misses (SSM) paradigm. In a visual search task, subjects had to find a target stimulus (images of real objects) among distractors. There could be two, one, or none targets. During the search, subjects performed a differentiated grasping or pinching movements that were congruent, incongruent, and partially congruent to the target object. Additionally, an experiment was conducted where subjects didn't perform any movement while searching for the same objects. The results demonstrated that visual search efficiency for the first or single target depends on perceptual features of objects rather than motor program congruency. Moreover, reaction time for the second target or reporting its absence linked with the search efficiency of the first or single ones: the more time spent searching for the first or single target, the less time was required for the second or for reporting absence. Generally speaking, activation of motor program has no impact on visual search for images of real objects in SSM paradigm.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial metaphors of time elicit more temporal gestures in second language.","authors":"Emir Akbuğa, Tilbe Göksun","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01285-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01285-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We use space to think and talk about time. Our hand gestures reflect how we conceptualize time. This study examines the processing differences between L1-Turkish and L2-English spatial metaphors of time, looking at hand gestures and comparing them with literal spatial statements. We asked our participants to explain literal and metaphorical sentences and coded their gestures. Participants also rated the conventionality of sentences based on their clarity. Individuals produced more gestures for L1 literal and L2 metaphorical sentences. Higher L2 proficiency was related to fewer overall gesture use in L2. Participants produced more temporal gestures while explaining L2 than L1 metaphors. L2 metaphors elicited more two-handed gestures than L1 metaphors. Individuals used the lateral and sagittal axes equally frequently while producing temporal gestures. Last, beat gestures followed the direction of metaphors in speech. These findings suggest that spatial metaphors of time are processed differently in L1 and L2. The findings pave the way for potential research that might compare such metaphors in first and second language in terms of gesture production.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of gender stereotype threat on motor performance, cognitive anxiety, and gaze behavior: highlighting the role of context.","authors":"Seyyed Mohammadreza Mousavi, Ludvík Valtr, Kazuki Maruo, Leila Mafakher, Raphaël Laurin, Reza Abdollahipour, Takehiro Iwatsuki","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01287-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01287-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of gender stereotype is a well-established area of research in sports and social psychology. It has been suggested that the effect of negative gender stereotypes on motor performance may not be the same in two different cultures with varying levels of stereotype beliefs, however, no research explored this suggestion. The primary objective was to investigate the impact of negative gender stereotypes on motor performance. Two experiments, Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) conducted in Iran, a country with relatively strong stereotypical beliefs, and Experiment 2 (Exp. 2) conducted in the Czech Republic, a country with relatively less pronounced stereotypical beliefs, involved participants engaging in dart-throwing. In both experiments, motor performance and cognitive anxiety were assessed, while gaze behavior was additionally measured in Exp. 2 to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the impact of gender stereotypes on motor performance. The results of Exp. 1 showed that Iranian women in the stereotype condition exhibited lower dart-throwing performance and higher levels of cognitive anxiety, as compared with the neutral condition. Conversely, Exp. 2 demonstrated that among Czech women, there were no significant differences in dart-throwing performance, cognitive anxiety, or gaze behavior between the conditions. These findings were discussed within the cognitive and socio-cultural framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are we attending to climate change? A systematic review of the cognitive science literature.","authors":"Joshua M Carlson, Lin Fang, Mikenna Weiler, Abigail Dawson","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01284-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01284-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change poses immense global challenges. To meet these challenges, there has been increased research interest in climate change psychology. An emerging field of research has studied the degree to which attention is captured by different types of climate change relevant information. The current review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research that focuses on the capture of attention by climate change relevant information and the factors that moderate this capture of attention. We thoroughly examined 12 empirical studies (18 experiments, 2164 participants) from the literature that investigated the relationship between attention and various types of climate-relevant information. The results revealed that climate change information is captured by attention in the majority of the experiments included in the review. This finding is consistent across different types of stimuli (such as images, text, and graphs) and measurements (such as reaction time, eye movement, and accuracy). Moreover, individual differences, such as implicit climate attitudes, liberal political orientation, and dispositional optimism may moderate the level of attentional capture by climate-relevant information. The review also provides insight and directions for future research and calls for action to translate the current findings at the cognitive level into impactful changes at the public level.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The generalizability issue in studying inflectional processing in real time: the potential effects of suffixal characteristics.","authors":"Zhaohong Wu, Melinda Fricke","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01288-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01288-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For both native speakers and second language (L2) learners, variation in the relative order of acquisition of inflectional morphemes has been shown in the literature. Previous studies employing the simple lexical decision task have also shown effects of suffixal characteristics on word recognition of both derived and inflected words such that some inflectional suffixes trigger whole-word processing while others contribute to decomposition. Additionally, evidence from the masked priming paradigm shows that suffixal characteristics affect the efficiency of morphological decomposition of derived words during early-stage processing. However, very little work has systematically examined the early stages of processing inflected words with different suffixes, leaving our understanding of the factors that impact the early-stage processing of inflected words incomplete at best. We argue that the overwhelming focus on the past tense -ed suffix in previous L2 studies risks exacerbating already serious generalizability issues in the realm of L2 research. Future studies would therefore do well to include and compare a wider range of inflectional suffixes, which may well require looking beyond English. This is essential for the field to make progress toward a more complete understanding of the processing of morphologically complex words.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the persuasiveness of conspiracy theories: a comparison of narrative and argumentative strategies.","authors":"Ines Adornetti, Daniela Altavilla, Alessandra Chiera, Valentina Deriu, Anna Gerna, Lorenzo Picca, Francesco Ferretti","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01282-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01282-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study examined the persuasive impact of conspiracy theories (CTs) in relation to two distinct communicative strategies: argumentation and narrative. The final sample consisted of 160 participants, randomly assigned to three groups: a first group (N = 56) watched a video in which a conspiracy theory related to the Chernobyl nuclear power plant explosion was presented in a predominantly argumentative form (mostly argumentative group: MAG); a second group (N = 53) who watched a video in which the same conspiracy theory was presented in a predominantly narrative form (mostly narrative group: MNG); and a third control group (CG) (N = 51) who watched a video on non-conspiracy topics. The experiment was conducted online by the participants. The scores obtained on the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs (GCB) scale (Brotherton et al. in Front Psychol 4:279, 2013) at T0 (before exposure to the persuasive message) and T1 (after exposure) in three groups of participants were evaluated. Furthermore, the level of education, subclinical psychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism), paranoid persecution, and paranoid reference, as well as the level of transportation, were also assessed. The primary findings indicated that there was a greater endorsement of conspiratorial beliefs at T1 than at T0 in the MAG. In contrast, no change was observed in the total score of the GCB scale at T1 compared to T0 in the MNG. However, in the MNG there was an increase in one subscale of the GCB, which related to government malfeasance. Overall, these results indicate that both conspiracy arguments and conspiracy narratives can influence audience beliefs. However, argumentation appears to have a more pronounced effect than narrative.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of individual differences in executive functions in kindergarten children - a microgenetic study.","authors":"Eva Michel, Julia Gießübel, Anja Grimm, Leonie Wild","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01283-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01283-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Executive functions (EF) are higher cognitive processes which are involved in new, complex tasks. EF are often subdivided into three components: updating of working memory representations, shifting between tasks or task rules, and inhibiting predominant reactions or interfering stimuli. Individual differences in EF are often used to predict academic performance. Although the temporal stability of a construct is a necessary condition for its use as a predictor, the stability of EF in children remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the short-term stability of individual EF performance in N = 57 kindergarten children. They were tested eight times every 2-3 days with an n-back task to measure updating, a colour/shape sorting task to measure shifting, and a go/no-go task to measure inhibition. Four-week stabilities were high for inhibition and low to moderate for updating and shifting. In latent state-trait analyses, half of the variance in inhibition but very small amounts of variance in updating and shifting variance were explained by trait. Moderate to high amounts of variance in all three tasks were explained by state. The results are discussed in terms of the usefulness of the tasks for measuring stable EF in kindergarten age and for predicting later performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing affordances: mixed-methods review on techniques to study affordances in virtual reality environments.","authors":"Tania Miranti Chumaira, Lily Díaz-Kommonen, Luis Emilio Bruni","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01280-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01280-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of virtual reality (VR) research and innovation has mainly revolved around graphic enhancement and novel ways of human-computer interaction. In recent years, many VR researchers have urgently started to investigate methods to assess elements of the spatial experience of VR, such as presence and affordances. In the recent two decades, while VR researchers began to learn to measure such elements within the VR environment, studies of these elements have already been common in architecture, although the methods might differ. Therefore, this study reviews different techniques to study affordances in architecture and VR research through a mixed-method review. First, we conducted a systematic review on the methods used to study affordances in VR environments. Then, we proceeded to undertake a traditional literature review on those methods which assess spatial affordances in architecture. This study identifies the merits of current techniques of measuring affordances in both physical and virtual spaces. Through this study, we would like to suggest three methods employed in architecture as an alternative with which to assess affordances when studying spatial experience in VR environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributions of working memory and inhibitory control to analogical reasoning in preschoolers: the mediating roles of vocabulary knowledge and visual perception.","authors":"Xin Chen, Yinghe Chen, Xiujie Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01281-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01281-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Working memory (WM) and inhibitory control (IC) are two critical executive function components that support children's analogical reasoning. WM provides a workspace for storing and manipulating relational information, while IC helps suppress irrelevant details and manage competing information. Despite their established roles, the specific mechanisms by which WM and IC influence analogical reasoning in preschoolers remain unclear. To address this gap, we proposed the mediating roles of vocabulary knowledge and visual perception in the relationships of WM, IC with analogical reasoning. Given that WM and IC are also crucial for developing vocabulary and visual processing skills, mediation analysis offers a comprehensive framework to reveal how these cognitive processes interact in preschoolers' analogical reasoning. A total of 180 Chinese preschoolers were recruited for this study, with ages ranging from 3 to 6 years (39.11-81.26 months; K1-K3). Results showed that after controlling for the child's age, gender, and IQ, WM was still positively correlated with children's analogical reasoning, and the role of IC was not significant. Moreover, vocabulary knowledge and visual perception played mediating roles in the linkage between WM, IC, and analogical reasoning. These findings emphasized the roles of visual perception and vocabulary in supporting children's acquisition of analogical reasoning. This could offer practical implications for effectively enhancing children's analogical reasoning skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of urban street network topology on human spatial cognition: a systematic review.","authors":"Hamed Ahmadi, Meysam Argany, Abolfazl Ghanbari, Manijeh Firoozi","doi":"10.1007/s10339-025-01279-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-025-01279-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous studies have demonstrated that variations in streets' topological characteristics impact the degree to which people perceive the structure of urban environments. Accordingly, this systematic review aimed to evaluate how the topological parameters affect human spatial cognition, and also analyze the study methods used in studies. The PRISMA reporting guidelines were used in this regard. We systematically searched the Web of Science and Scopus until April 19, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the title, abstract, and full text for the eligibility criteria. A total of 39 articles met our eligibility criteria. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess the quality of the included articles. The studies have followed four objectives: wayfinding, pedestrian volume, route choice, and spatial representation. Quantitative descriptive, quantitative non-randomized, and observational methodologies were mostly employed. The evaluations mostly used space syntax theory, and accordingly, Depthmap, DepthmapX, and GIS-based toolboxes were used to analyze the topological parameters. Base and blank maps, street photos, and questionnaires have been used in many studies as experiment tools, while virtual reality tools have been less considered. The control variables have been rarely applied in the evaluations. The results indicated that integrated streets and streets with high choice values enhance human spatial cognition. Dense and intelligible street networks and streets with high-directional connectivity also enhance human spatial cognition; however, very few studies evaluated these parameters' influence. The results of evaluating the impact of the other parameters were very heterogeneous. The heterogeneity was mainly related to differences in the study designs, trip purpose, objectives, and spatial scales. Seldom studies have compared how different topological parameters influence spatial cognition. In conclusion, further research, especially experimental quantitative randomized controlled trials, is warranted to discover the impact of street network topology on human spatial cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}