Cognitive Processing最新文献

{"title":"Shared music listening, emotional arousal and cognitive empathy enhance social presence in online interactions.","authors":"Pyry Heikkinen, Vesa Putkinen, Mari Tervaniemi","doi":"10.1007/s10339-026-01395-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-026-01395-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Music can support social bonding, especially in face-to-face interactions, but its effects in online environments with reduced social cues are less understood. This study examined how shared music listening in an audio-only online setting affects social presence, affective responses, and subsequent cooperation. In a within-subjects design, 38 individuals were assigned to music-preference-matched dyads to complete cooperative tasks after listening to music in both a socially framed shared listening condition and a solo condition. Shared listening increased social presence compared with solo listening, and music-induced arousal was positively associated with social presence across conditions. Cognitive empathy moderated the effects of listening condition on both social presence and arousal, suggesting that individual differences in social-cognitive processing shape how shared listening in technology-mediated environments is experienced. However, shared music listening did not improve task performance and its effects on interaction quality were mixed. Group flow was adversely affected by shared listening, whereas dyad-level differences in music-induced arousal reduced emotional interdependence during cooperation, but only after shared listening. In addition, higher positive valence was associated with lower behavioral interdependence after shared listening but higher behavioral interdependence after solo listening. Together, these findings suggest that socially framed shared music listening can enhance the subjective social character of online interaction, while shaping interaction quality through affective alignment and perceived mutual adaptation rather than uniformly improving task-focused cooperation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149116669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of multilingualism on cardiac autonomic activity, working memory and trait anxiety: a pilot study.","authors":"Tonantzin Itzel Cabrera-Ontiveros, Diana Estefanía García-Cárdenas, Claudia Ivette Ledesma-Ramírez, Eric Alonso Abarca-Castro, Ana Karen Talavera-Peña, José Javier Reyes-Lagos","doi":"10.1007/s10339-026-01392-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-026-01392-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in how multilingualism modifies executive functions. Heart rate variability (HRV), a noninvasive and innocuous indicator of cardiac autonomic function, can also capture individual differences that link cognitive performance with physiological and emotional profiles. This pilot study aimed to analyze the association of multilingualism with cognitive, autonomic, and emotional regulation during working memory (WM) tasks, while also considering trait anxiety (Trait-A). Nineteen young adults were classified as a monolingual group (MON, N = 9) or a multilingual group (MUL, N = 10). Participants completed the State‑Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Neuropsychological Battery of Executive Functions and Frontal Lobes (BANFE‑3). They then performed an N-back task at three difficulty levels while HRV linear and nonlinear indices were computed. MON exhibited high Trait‑A, whereas MUL showed moderate Trait‑A. No significant differences were observed in the BANFE-3 subtests, but MUL achieved greater accuracy at the 2-back level of the N-back task. HRV indices showed a load-dependent decline in both groups; within-group analyses, however, revealed that MON and MUL participants showed different within-group autonomic response patterns to cope with the rising cognitive load. These findings suggest that sustained multilingual experience may be associated with differences in autonomic-cognitive responses and attenuated anxiety-related disruptions, underscoring the value of HRV in characterizing individual variability in physiological and behavioral responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149116709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing semantic and phonetic similarities between Turkish and Japanese onomatopoeia.","authors":"Defne Akkuş, Fatma Nefes Tekin, Dicle Dövencioğlu","doi":"10.1007/s10339-026-01394-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-026-01394-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sound symbolism research reveals a non-arbitrary relationship between phonetics and meaning, demonstrating strong associations between consonant sounds and perceived shape, size, or material. Onomatopoeias, a subset of sound-symbolic expressions, directly imitate the sound they describe. Previous evidence suggests that onomatopoeias encode sound-symbolic cues, even across unfamiliar languages, but no specific research has been done specifically on material-related sound symbolism. To examine how the phonetic and semantic features of onomatopoeic words influence material perception, we conducted a semantic differentiation task with Turkish-speaking participants (N = 28) unfamiliar with Japanese. Stimuli consisted of three-word sets: 14 Turkish words, 14 semantically similar Japanese words, and 14 phonetically similar Japanese words. For example, the Turkish word mır mır (a humming sound) shares a similar meaning with the Japanese word hiso hiso (speaking in a low or hushed tone), and shows phonetic similarity to the Japanese word miri miri (slowly tearing or stretching something tightly). Participants rated each word on seven adjective pairs: (1) flat-bumpy, (2) warm-cold, (3) wet-dry, (4) light-heavy, (5) smooth-rough, (6) slippery-sticky, and (7) granular-whole. Equivalence testing further indicated that phonetically similar pairs more frequently fell within predefined equivalence bounds and showed smaller deviations across adjective dimensions. Multidimensional scaling additionally revealed smaller perceptual distances between Turkish words and their phonetically similar Japanese counterparts. Together, these findings suggest that phonetic similarity contributes more strongly than semantic similarity to cross-linguistic material-related judgements. Furthermore, the results highlight distinctive sound patterns shared by Japanese and Turkish onomatopoeias, suggesting the existence of universal phonetic markers for material-related sound symbolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propositional and imagistic incongruity: a dual-route cognitive account of humor processing.","authors":"Omid Khatin-Zadeh, Hassan Banaruee","doi":"10.1007/s10339-026-01398-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-026-01398-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper develops a theoretical account of humor processing in terms of two interacting routes of cognitive processing. Building on the distinction between propositional and imagistic modes of language comprehension, it argues that humorous incongruity may arise through conceptual, perceptual, or cross-representational discrepancies. The propositional route involves relatively abstract and amodal representations, in which humor emerges from a mismatch between conceptual expectations and asserted or implied meanings. The imagistic route involves mental imagery, perceptual simulation, and sensorimotor representation, in which humor emerges from discrepancies between expected and activated perceptual or multimodal representations. In addition, the paper proposes that humorous effects may arise through between-route incongruity, where propositional and imagistic representations conflict, as in cases where verbal content and gesture, visual imagery, or embodied cues convey incompatible meanings. This dual-route account is not intended to replace existing theories of humor, but to specify a processing-level distinction that clarifies how incongruity is represented and resolved across verbal, visual, and multimodal forms of humor. By linking humor processing to conceptual processing, mental imagery, and embodied cognition, the account provides a framework for explaining why formally similar humorous expressions may differ in cognitive demands, perceptual salience, and affective impact. The paper concludes by outlining implications for future behavioral, cognitive, and multimodal research on humor processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grammatical number as linguistic quantity: spatial-response compatibility effects in Turkish.","authors":"Ayşe Öykü Gündüz, Buse Karakaş, Bilal Kırkıcı","doi":"10.1007/s10339-026-01397-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-026-01397-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A growing body of research suggests that numerical magnitude is associated with spatial response coding, as demonstrated by the Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect. Recent work has extended this question beyond Arabic digits to linguistic expressions of quantity, including grammatical number. The present study examined whether Turkish singular and plural word forms show spatial-response patterns compatible with SNARC-like mappings. Eighty-six native speakers of Turkish completed a combined Go/No-Go lexical decision and grammatical number judgment task. Participants responded to real Turkish words while withholding responses to pseudowords; response mappings were counterbalanced such that singular forms were associated with the left-hand response and plural forms with the right-hand response in the typical mapping condition, with the reverse assignment in the non-typical mapping condition. Reaction times were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Participants responded faster in the typical mapping condition than in the non-typical mapping condition, and plural forms elicited slower responses than singular forms overall. However, the interaction between grammatical number and response mapping was not significant. These findings suggest that Turkish grammatical number can interact with spatial response organization, but the observed pattern is better interpreted as a general SNARC-compatible mapping advantage rather than a fully differentiated spatial mapping of singular and plural forms. The form of this association may depend on task characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do sung speech and background noise affect sentence repetition in dyslexia?","authors":"Ariadne Loutrari, Ellie Packham, Roshni Vagadia, Cunmei Jiang, Fang Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10339-026-01393-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-026-01393-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental dyslexia (DD) is typically associated with slow and laborious reading, but there is also evidence pointing to speech-in-noise perception difficulties and a deficit in rapid stimulus processing. We looked at sentence repetition in 56 adult participants, half of whom had a diagnosis of DD, using a mixed design with one between-subjects variable (group) and three within-subjects variables (presentation, noise level, and semantic content). More specifically, we investigated whether sung targets could facilitate sentence repetition in DD compared to spoken ones, drawing on the idea that singing has a slower presentation rate. Further, in light of difficulties in repeating semantically meaningless targets in DD and the mixed results regarding speech-in-noise perception in this population, we examined the effects of varying semantic content (story-like, news-like, semantically anomalous) on performance, presenting targets in quiet and in noise. Results showed a significantly poorer performance in DD in quiet relative to controls but not in noise. Semantic content came out non-significant, and sung targets did not statistically affect performance. Considering a previously documented dyslexia-amusia comorbidity, we screened all participants for amusia, and-in line with previous research-we found that approximately 29% of the DD sample met the diagnostic criteria for amusia. However, amusia did not significantly affect performance. The study suggests that sentence repetition is impaired in DD and naturalistic singing does not seem to confer an advantage. As we did not isolate presentation rate as a variable, the results cannot establish that a reduced presentation rate itself has no positive effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149002778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating lexical knowledge and lexical processing in order to explore their role in second language utterance fluency.","authors":"Nel De Jong, Mary Lou Vercellotti","doi":"10.1007/s10339-026-01396-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-026-01396-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research has found that lexical knowledge substantially influences second language (L2) fluency. However, researchers investigating the role of L2 lexical knowledge on speakers' fluency have often measured lexical knowledge with written recognition tasks, which creates a mismatch between the assessment modality and the oral, productive skill. Furthermore, although some studies have considered the role of lexical processing (e.g., lexical retrieval and articulation) when researching utterance fluency, results have been mixed. The current study adds to this scholarship by using mainly productive tasks to investigate possible relationships among measures of L2 lexical knowledge and processing and to explore their role in L2 utterance fluency. High-intermediate language learners (n = 30) in an intensive English program were assessed on their lexical knowledge (i.e., form recall, meaning recognition and sentence production), oral processing (i.e., lexical retrieval speed), and articulation (i.e., preparation time and duration). Utterance fluency was measured with pause length, number of pauses, and syllable duration during a monologic topic-based speech. Correlational analysis revealed a negative correlation between form recall and lexical retrieval time, meaning that L2 learners who could recall more words retrieved them faster. Regression analyses revealed that lexical meaning scores predicted pause length, articulation preparation time predicted mean number of pauses, and lexical retrieval predicted syllable duration. The results suggest that the lexical knowledge, lexical retrieval speed, and the phonological/phonetic system (i.e., articulation preparation) are clearly and differentially involved in utterance fluency in high-intermediate speakers.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does receiving positive or negative feedback change our memories about a decision we made?","authors":"Roberta A Allegretta, Flavia Ciminaghi, Laura Angioletti, Michela Balconi","doi":"10.1007/s10339-026-01390-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-026-01390-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study explored differences in decision recall between junior and senior decision-makers, focusing on accuracy (ACC) and response times (RTs) under varying feedback conditions. 117 participants completed 10 real-life decision-making scenarios, and their decision recall was examined in relation to feedback valence (positive or negative), decision-making styles, and tendencies toward Maximization. Results indicated that both junior and senior decision-makers recalled decisions with positive feedback more accurately than those with negative feedback, aligning with the \"positivity bias\" theory, where individuals tend to remember positive experiences more than negative ones. Seniors showed stronger recall for decisions with positive feedback but weaker for those with negative feedback compared to juniors, who performed better with negative feedback decisions recall. This pattern may reflect differences in professional experience and feedback processing across career stages, consistent with research on positivity and negativity biases. Regarding RTs, seniors had slower recall for decisions with positive feedback, potentially reflecting deeper cognitive processing, while both groups were slower to recall decisions with positive information overall. The study also found that individuals with higher Maximization tendencies, especially juniors, recalled decisions with negative feedback better, while seniors with avoidant decision-making styles were less accurate in recalling decisions with negative feedback. These findings highlight the importance of feedback delivery in professional environments and suggest that balancing positive and negative feedback is critical to maintain motivation and performance. Future research should further explore how expertise and individual differences affect decision recall and consider a neuroscientific approach to better understand the cognitive processes involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring conflict-related behavioral intentions in AI and human role-playing interventions: evidence from behavioral experiments and linguistic analyses.","authors":"Tongtong Ye, Haoliang Mai, Hongyu Wang, Haodong Su","doi":"10.1007/s10339-026-01391-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-026-01391-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interpersonal conflict often impairs decision-making and communication. This study examined whether AI-enabled role-playing (AI-RP) can regulate behavioral intentions in conflict situations and how it compares with the human counsellor-guided role-playing. Two experiments and a linguistic analysis (LIWC and BERTopic) were conducted. Participants were assigned to AI, the human counsellor, or no-interaction conditions. Behavioral intentions and interaction texts were analyzed. Both AI- and human-guided role-playing reduced revenge intentions and increased understanding compared with the control condition. These effects were context-dependent and did not transfer to parallel scenarios. The AI and human counsellor conditions did not differ in revenge or understanding outcomes, but the AI condition was associated with higher willingness to communicate in the specific context of Study 2a. Linguistic analyses showed AI responses were more structured and function-oriented, whereas the human counsellor responses emphasized emotional validation. AI-RP and the human counseling play complementary roles in conflict intervention. AI may facilitate rapid de-escalation and communication initiation, whereas in this study the human counsellor's responses were more oriented toward emotional validation and relational repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting perceived learning effectiveness from generative artificial intelligence in higher education: a hierarchical regression analysis of psychological, behavioral, and cognitive factors.","authors":"Hamdan Alamri","doi":"10.1007/s10339-026-01389-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-026-01389-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines predictors of students' perceived learning effectiveness from generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in higher education by integrating psychological, behavioral, and cognitive perspectives. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected through a survey of 658 higher education students and analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression to examine the statistical contribution of GenAI usage patterns, perceived critical-thinking change, trust in GenAI, attitudes toward GenAI, self-efficacy for learning with GenAI, and cognitive offloading, while controlling for GPA, instructor policy toward GenAI, language of study, access type, and frequency of use. The results showed that, in the theoretically specified order of entry, the psychological block-comprising self-efficacy, attitudes, and trust-produced the largest incremental increase in explained variance. Trust remained positively associated with perceived learning effectiveness, whereas cognitive offloading was not statistically significant in the final model. Contextual variables showed limited explanatory power after psychological, behavioral, and cognitive variables were introduced. The final model explained 68.8% of the variance in students' perceived learning effectiveness from GenAI. To explain these findings, qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 students. Thematic analysis indicated that students perceived GenAI as most beneficial when used intentionally and reflectively for explanation, idea generation, and revision. Students with higher self-efficacy described more strategic engagement, including iterative prompting and verification of outputs, while excessive reliance on GenAI was perceived as potentially reducing cognitive engagement. Overall, the findings suggest that students' perceived learning effectiveness from GenAI is associated with psychological readiness, behavioral usage patterns, and perceived cognitive engagement, while contextual control variables exhibit comparatively limited explanatory power. The study provides theoretical and practical implications and directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}