Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez, Félix Neto, Mario Reyes-Bossio, Lindsey W Vilca, Cirilo H García Cadena, Marta Pinto da Costa, Joana Neto, Michael White
{"title":"Factorial invariance of Satisfaction with Family Life Scale in adolescents from Peru and Portugal.","authors":"Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez, Félix Neto, Mario Reyes-Bossio, Lindsey W Vilca, Cirilo H García Cadena, Marta Pinto da Costa, Joana Neto, Michael White","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2020.1867496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2020.1867496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Satisfaction with Family Life Scale (SWFLS) is a measure of a person's satisfaction with their family life as a whole that has been used in different cultural contexts. However, its internal structure and factorial invariance have not been investigated simultaneously in culturally different samples from America and Europe. The current study aims to evaluate the internal structure and factorial invariance of the SWLFS in adolescents from Peru and Portugal, through a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. The study was conducted on 439 adolescents from Peru (<i>N</i> = 232; Age<sub>average</sub> = 15.50, S.D. = 0.65) and Portugal (<i>N</i> = 207; Age<sub>average</sub> = 16.16, S.D. = 0.81). First, the confirmatory factorial analysis for each group was carried out, followed by the multi-group confirmatory factorial analyses. Results indicated that the one-factor structure of the SWLFS presents a good adjustment to the data, in addition to an adequate internal consistency. Moreover, the presence of configural, metric, scalar and strict invariance is demonstrated across culturally different samples. The SWFLS is a brief and valid measure of satisfaction with family life that is useful for intercultural comparisons between samples of adolescents from Peru and Portugal.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2020.1867496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38781552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation on the psychological status of college students during the coronavirus disease-2019 epidemic.","authors":"Hong-Tao Song, Chuan-Hui Ge, Lei-Xin Chang, Ting-Ting Zhao, Wei Wu, De-Xue Ge, Chang-Ping Zhai, Xu-Lai Zhang","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2021.1893637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2021.1893637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study is designed to investigate the mental health status of college students under the current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and explore potential influential factors. We surveyed 1128 people including 435 medical students and 693 nonmedical students by a self-designed questionnaire containing general demographic characteristics, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Chinese Perceived Stress Scale. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The incidence of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress were 8.4, 22.7, and 42.9% among college students during the COVID-19, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that sex, specialty, and Family conflict were all positively associated with SAS, SDS, and CPSS (<i>p<</i>0.05). Stepwise linear retrospective analysis showed that family conflicts and specialty were the influencing factors of SAS, SDS, and CPSS. There were significantly differences between medical students and nonmedical students in the frequency of SDS abnormality score (<i>Z</i>=-4.125, <i>p<</i>0.001) and the frequency of CPSS abnormality (χ<sup>2</sup>=7.836, <i>p=</i>0.005). According to the results, we can come to the conclusion that college students have different degrees of psychological problems during the COVID-19. Family conflicts and specialty were the influencing factors of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2021.1893637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25470007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-monitoring, self-selection, and prospective employment: individual differences in finding a workplace niche.","authors":"Christopher Leone","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2021.1913396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2021.1913396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-selection of different employment opportunities was predicted to be a function of dispositional differences in self-monitoring. In two studies, participants read two job descriptions containing attributes that matched the skills and needs of either high self-monitors or low self-monitors. Participants then indicated which job they would accept if offered both jobs and subsequently completed the 25-item Self-Monitoring Scale. Scale responses were used to create univariate/categorical (high vs. low self-monitors) and bivariate/two dimensional (acquisitive, protective) indices of self-monitoring. In Study 1, low self-monitors and high self-monitors chose personally congruent jobs. These divergent choices were observed regardless of the way (univariate model, alternative bivariate model) self-monitoring was assessed. In Study 2, these self-monitoring differences were moderated by job status. These moderated choices of jobs were obtained when self-monitoring was assessed in its conventional and acquisitive (i.e., impression management for gain) forms but not in its protective (i.e., impression management for self-defense) form. In both studies, sex differences did not account for self-monitoring differences. These findings suggest on-the-job differences between high and low self-monitors may represent self-selection processes occurring before job-based experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2021.1913396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38890655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dustin P Calvillo, Katie Rodriguez, Theresa Ngan Nguyen
{"title":"A within-subjects test of ego depletion and potential moderators.","authors":"Dustin P Calvillo, Katie Rodriguez, Theresa Ngan Nguyen","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2021.1922341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2021.1922341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ego depletion, the finding that initial exertion of self-control hinders performance on subsequent self-control tasks, has become a controversial topic. There have been discrepant results from empirical studies and different conclusions drawn from meta-analyses and multilab studies. We examined ego depletion and three potential moderators in a preregistered experiment using a within-subjects design in order to overcome limitations of the standard between-subjects design. In two sessions separated by 1 week, participants (<i>N</i> = 214) completed an ego depletion or control version of a Stroop task. Each Stroop task was followed by manipulation check questions and an antisaccade task. Participants also completed measures of lay theory of willpower, trait self-control, and action orientation. There was no significant evidence for ego depletion, and Bayes factors strongly favored the null hypotheses that there was no difference in antisaccade performance (accuracy or response time) after ego depletion and control Stroop tasks. Additionally, lay theory willpower, trait self-control, and action orientation were not significantly related to ego depletion effects. Exploratory between-subjects comparisons that omitted participants who responded at lower than chance accuracy levels, however, found significant ego depletion effects. These results provide further evidence that ego depletion effects are elusive.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2021.1922341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38898772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An implicit gender sex-science association in the general population and STEM faculty.","authors":"Maddalena Marini, Mahzarin R Banaji","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2020.1853502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2020.1853502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated implicit associations between social categories <i>female</i> or <i>male</i> and the attributes <i>sex</i> or <i>science</i>. In six experiments, Implicit Association Tests (IATs) showed <i>female + sex/male + science</i> associations. The bias was observed (a) in both men and women; (b) in participants who reported sexual attraction to both females and males (greater for the former); (c) in members of the general population as well as among STEM faculty from the highest ranked U.S. STEM universities; (d) even when both gender categories were clearly presented as scientists, via photos and words, (e) using both the standard IAT and a single category variation; and (f) hardly at all on explicit measures in contrast to implicit measures. By introducing the attribute of sexuality, these studies bring to light a robust if unintended mental association of women as sexual beings. The automaticity and surprising generality of the effect suggests that this association may be an unintentional yet potent barrier to women's lower representation and success in STEM.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2020.1853502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38681717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gülsen Erden, İbrahim Yiğit, Cihat Çelik, Melike Guzey
{"title":"The diagnostic utility of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) in identification of gifted children.","authors":"Gülsen Erden, İbrahim Yiğit, Cihat Çelik, Melike Guzey","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2020.1862038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2020.1862038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate assessment and early identification of gifted children is of great importance in terms of providing them with educational programs tailored for their abilities in specific areas. Individually administered intelligence tests are widely used to identify gifted children, and an above-average level of intellectual capacity is generally accepted as the main criterion for giftedness. This study aimed to investigate the utility of the Turkish version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) to distinguish gifted children from non-gifted children. For this purpose, 201 gifted children and 201 non-gifted children were included in the study. To be able to determine the predictive power of the WISC-IV index and subtest scores, logistic regression analyses were performed. Results indicated that the Perceptual Reasoning Index, Working Memory Index, and Processing Speed Index scores (except Verbal Comprehension Index score), and all subtest scores significantly predicted giftedness. Furthermore, correct classification rates among gifted children were 93% for index scores and 97% for subtest scores. The findings of this study suggest that intelligence scores obtained from the WISC-IV have a diagnostic utility and provide valid and reliable results in identifying gifted children.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2020.1862038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38740895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The relation between symptoms of ADHD and symptoms of eating disorders in university students.","authors":"Jessica Baraskewich, Emma A Climie","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2021.1874862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2021.1874862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is evidence to suggest an association between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and eating disorders (EDs). As those with subclinical symptoms of ADHD or ED often experience impairment, this cross-sectional study examined the relationship between ADHD symptoms and ED symptoms in a predominately subclinical undergraduate population. Students (<i>n</i> = 133; 80% female) completed questionnaires measuring ADHD and ED symptomatology. The relation between overall ADHD symptoms and ED symptoms was examined using linear regression; findings indicated that higher ADHD symptoms significantly predicted higher ED symptoms. When symptoms of both disorders were further delineated, inattentive ADHD symptoms consistently predicted higher ED symptoms (bulimia, body dissatisfaction, and drive for thinness). A number of mechanisms may explain the association between ADHD and ED symptoms, including shared executive function deficits, poor emotion regulation, and mood challenges. These mechanisms may have clinical relevance in ADHD and ED treatment and prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2021.1874862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38847468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chinese university teachers' job and life satisfaction: examining the roles of basic psychological needs satisfaction and self-efficacy.","authors":"Qian Meng","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2020.1853503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2020.1853503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combining the Self-determination Theory and Social Cognitive Career Theory, the present study proposed a conceptual process model examining the relationships among work-related basic psychological needs satisfaction (BPNS; satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs), self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction. To test the model, the study focused on a sample that is seldom investigated in the occupational well-being literature, namely university teachers. In total, 275 Chinese university teachers completed an online survey. Structural equation modeling technique and bootstrapping method were employed to evaluate the research model. The results indicated that autonomy satisfaction and competence satisfaction were directly related to self-efficacy and indirectly related to job satisfaction via the mediating variable of self-efficacy. In contrast, Self-efficacy did not mediate the relationship between relatedness satisfaction and job satisfaction since relatedness satisfaction was not predictive of self-efficacy. In addition, job satisfaction was found to mediate the relationship between self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Implications for university managerial practices were discussed in order to promote teachers' well-being in both job and life domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2020.1853503","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38669482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kent Etherton, Debra Steele-Johnson, Kathleen Salvano, Nicholas Kovacs
{"title":"Resilience effects on student performance and well-being: the role of self-efficacy, self-set goals, and anxiety.","authors":"Kent Etherton, Debra Steele-Johnson, Kathleen Salvano, Nicholas Kovacs","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2020.1835800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2020.1835800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Universities prepare students to become contributing members to the workplace and to society. However, with rising tuition costs and other increasing time and resource demands, students face substantial adversity. Students' ability to cope with that adversity influences successful completion of academic coursework and retention in degree programs, ultimately providing a source of potential effective future employees. Previous research has demonstrated numerous direct relationships between dispositional resilience and pivotal outcomes, such as performance, life satisfaction, and subjective well-being. However, research has failed to explore underlying mechanisms through which resilience may affect these outcomes, especially in academic contexts. The purpose of the current study was to use self-regulation theory as a framework for examining the effects of students' resilience on outcomes. Using a sample of undergraduate students from a Midwestern university in the U.S. (<i>N</i> = 141), we proposed and tested a path model addressing self-efficacy, self-set goals, and state anxiety as mechanisms through which resilience influences performance and subjective well-being. Our results provided evidence supporting a structural model involving resilience, such that student resilience (a) has an indirect effect on performance through self-efficacy and self-set goals, (b) has an indirect effect on state anxiety through self-efficacy, and (c) accounts for unique variance in subjective well-being after controlling for state anxiety. Implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2020.1835800","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38638532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nithya M Rao, Shangwen Yi, Diane Yu, Kaab Husain, Yicong Sun, Maaz Munawar, Valeria Hernandez, Shanmukh V Kamble, Edward C Chang
{"title":"Coping styles as predictors of negative affective conditions in Asian Indians: does being optimistic still make a difference?","authors":"Nithya M Rao, Shangwen Yi, Diane Yu, Kaab Husain, Yicong Sun, Maaz Munawar, Valeria Hernandez, Shanmukh V Kamble, Edward C Chang","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2020.1867495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2020.1867495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study examined the role of optimism, as measured by the Life Orientation Test-Revised, and coping styles, as measured by the COPE scale, in predicting negative affective conditions (viz., depressive symptoms, stress, and negative affect) among 386 Asian Indian young adults (197 females and 189 males). Results from our hierarchical regression analyses indicated that coping styles accounted for a medium-large amount of variance in negative affective conditions, after controlling for demographic factors (i.e. age, gender, parent's education, and monthly income). Five coping styles were significant in predicting negative affective conditions across all three indices; mental disengagement, denial, and venting emotions were found to be maladaptive, while positive reinterpretation and humor were found to be adaptive among Asian Indian young adults. Furthermore, when optimism was included in the prediction model, optimism consistently accounted for additional variance in negative affective conditions, beyond coping styles. Due to the additional variance among negative affective conditions accounted for by optimism when compared to coping, we advise that mental health professionals consider prioritizing the reinforcement of positive expectancy in addition to enhancing adaptive coping styles and reducing the use of maladaptive coping among Asian Indians.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2020.1867495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38781662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}