Journal of General Psychology最新文献_第9页

An implicit gender sex-science association in the general population and STEM faculty. 在普通人群和STEM教师中隐含的性别科学关联。

IF 2.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-07 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2020.1853502

Maddalena Marini, Mahzarin R Banaji

{"title":"An implicit gender sex-science association in the general population and STEM faculty.","authors":"Maddalena Marini, Mahzarin R Banaji","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2020.1853502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2020.1853502","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated implicit associations between social categories female or male and the attributes sex or science. In six experiments, Implicit Association Tests (IATs) showed female + sex/male + science associations. The bias was observed (a) in both men and women; (b) in participants who reported sexual attraction to both females and males (greater for the former); (c) in members of the general population as well as among STEM faculty from the highest ranked U.S. STEM universities; (d) even when both gender categories were clearly presented as scientists, via photos and words, (e) using both the standard IAT and a single category variation; and (f) hardly at all on explicit measures in contrast to implicit measures. By introducing the attribute of sexuality, these studies bring to light a robust if unintended mental association of women as sexual beings. The automaticity and surprising generality of the effect suggests that this association may be an unintentional yet potent barrier to women's lower representation and success in STEM.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":"149 3","pages":"299-326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2020.1853502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38681717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

The diagnostic utility of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) in identification of gifted children. 韦氏儿童智力量表第四版(WISC-IV)在识别天才儿童中的诊断效用。

IF 2.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2020.1862038

Gülsen Erden, İbrahim Yiğit, Cihat Çelik, Melike Guzey

{"title":"The diagnostic utility of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) in identification of gifted children.","authors":"Gülsen Erden, İbrahim Yiğit, Cihat Çelik, Melike Guzey","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2020.1862038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2020.1862038","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate assessment and early identification of gifted children is of great importance in terms of providing them with educational programs tailored for their abilities in specific areas. Individually administered intelligence tests are widely used to identify gifted children, and an above-average level of intellectual capacity is generally accepted as the main criterion for giftedness. This study aimed to investigate the utility of the Turkish version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) to distinguish gifted children from non-gifted children. For this purpose, 201 gifted children and 201 non-gifted children were included in the study. To be able to determine the predictive power of the WISC-IV index and subtest scores, logistic regression analyses were performed. Results indicated that the Perceptual Reasoning Index, Working Memory Index, and Processing Speed Index scores (except Verbal Comprehension Index score), and all subtest scores significantly predicted giftedness. Furthermore, correct classification rates among gifted children were 93% for index scores and 97% for subtest scores. The findings of this study suggest that intelligence scores obtained from the WISC-IV have a diagnostic utility and provide valid and reliable results in identifying gifted children.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":"149 3","pages":"371-390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2020.1862038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38740895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Chinese university teachers' job and life satisfaction: examining the roles of basic psychological needs satisfaction and self-efficacy. 中国高校教师工作满意度与生活满意度:基本心理需求满意度与自我效能感的关系研究

IF 2.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2020.1853503

Qian Meng

{"title":"Chinese university teachers' job and life satisfaction: examining the roles of basic psychological needs satisfaction and self-efficacy.","authors":"Qian Meng","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2020.1853503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2020.1853503","url":null,"abstract":"Combining the Self-determination Theory and Social Cognitive Career Theory, the present study proposed a conceptual process model examining the relationships among work-related basic psychological needs satisfaction (BPNS; satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs), self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction. To test the model, the study focused on a sample that is seldom investigated in the occupational well-being literature, namely university teachers. In total, 275 Chinese university teachers completed an online survey. Structural equation modeling technique and bootstrapping method were employed to evaluate the research model. The results indicated that autonomy satisfaction and competence satisfaction were directly related to self-efficacy and indirectly related to job satisfaction via the mediating variable of self-efficacy. In contrast, Self-efficacy did not mediate the relationship between relatedness satisfaction and job satisfaction since relatedness satisfaction was not predictive of self-efficacy. In addition, job satisfaction was found to mediate the relationship between self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Implications for university managerial practices were discussed in order to promote teachers' well-being in both job and life domains.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":"149 3","pages":"327-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2020.1853503","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38669482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

The relation between symptoms of ADHD and symptoms of eating disorders in university students. 大学生ADHD症状与饮食失调症状的关系

IF 2.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2021-01-22 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2021.1874862

Jessica Baraskewich, Emma A Climie

{"title":"The relation between symptoms of ADHD and symptoms of eating disorders in university students.","authors":"Jessica Baraskewich, Emma A Climie","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2021.1874862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2021.1874862","url":null,"abstract":"There is evidence to suggest an association between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and eating disorders (EDs). As those with subclinical symptoms of ADHD or ED often experience impairment, this cross-sectional study examined the relationship between ADHD symptoms and ED symptoms in a predominately subclinical undergraduate population. Students (n = 133; 80% female) completed questionnaires measuring ADHD and ED symptomatology. The relation between overall ADHD symptoms and ED symptoms was examined using linear regression; findings indicated that higher ADHD symptoms significantly predicted higher ED symptoms. When symptoms of both disorders were further delineated, inattentive ADHD symptoms consistently predicted higher ED symptoms (bulimia, body dissatisfaction, and drive for thinness). A number of mechanisms may explain the association between ADHD and ED symptoms, including shared executive function deficits, poor emotion regulation, and mood challenges. These mechanisms may have clinical relevance in ADHD and ED treatment and prevention efforts.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":"149 3","pages":"405-419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2021.1874862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38847468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Resilience effects on student performance and well-being: the role of self-efficacy, self-set goals, and anxiety. 弹性对学生表现和幸福感的影响:自我效能感、自我设定目标和焦虑的作用。

IF 2.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-28 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2020.1835800

Kent Etherton, Debra Steele-Johnson, Kathleen Salvano, Nicholas Kovacs

{"title":"Resilience effects on student performance and well-being: the role of self-efficacy, self-set goals, and anxiety.","authors":"Kent Etherton, Debra Steele-Johnson, Kathleen Salvano, Nicholas Kovacs","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2020.1835800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2020.1835800","url":null,"abstract":"Universities prepare students to become contributing members to the workplace and to society. However, with rising tuition costs and other increasing time and resource demands, students face substantial adversity. Students' ability to cope with that adversity influences successful completion of academic coursework and retention in degree programs, ultimately providing a source of potential effective future employees. Previous research has demonstrated numerous direct relationships between dispositional resilience and pivotal outcomes, such as performance, life satisfaction, and subjective well-being. However, research has failed to explore underlying mechanisms through which resilience may affect these outcomes, especially in academic contexts. The purpose of the current study was to use self-regulation theory as a framework for examining the effects of students' resilience on outcomes. Using a sample of undergraduate students from a Midwestern university in the U.S. (N = 141), we proposed and tested a path model addressing self-efficacy, self-set goals, and state anxiety as mechanisms through which resilience influences performance and subjective well-being. Our results provided evidence supporting a structural model involving resilience, such that student resilience (a) has an indirect effect on performance through self-efficacy and self-set goals, (b) has an indirect effect on state anxiety through self-efficacy, and (c) accounts for unique variance in subjective well-being after controlling for state anxiety. Implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":"149 3","pages":"279-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2020.1835800","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38638532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Coping styles as predictors of negative affective conditions in Asian Indians: does being optimistic still make a difference? 应对方式作为亚裔印度人消极情感状况的预测因素:乐观是否仍有影响?

IF 2.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2021-01-05 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2020.1867495

Nithya M Rao, Shangwen Yi, Diane Yu, Kaab Husain, Yicong Sun, Maaz Munawar, Valeria Hernandez, Shanmukh V Kamble, Edward C Chang

{"title":"Coping styles as predictors of negative affective conditions in Asian Indians: does being optimistic still make a difference?","authors":"Nithya M Rao, Shangwen Yi, Diane Yu, Kaab Husain, Yicong Sun, Maaz Munawar, Valeria Hernandez, Shanmukh V Kamble, Edward C Chang","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2020.1867495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2020.1867495","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined the role of optimism, as measured by the Life Orientation Test-Revised, and coping styles, as measured by the COPE scale, in predicting negative affective conditions (viz., depressive symptoms, stress, and negative affect) among 386 Asian Indian young adults (197 females and 189 males). Results from our hierarchical regression analyses indicated that coping styles accounted for a medium-large amount of variance in negative affective conditions, after controlling for demographic factors (i.e. age, gender, parent's education, and monthly income). Five coping styles were significant in predicting negative affective conditions across all three indices; mental disengagement, denial, and venting emotions were found to be maladaptive, while positive reinterpretation and humor were found to be adaptive among Asian Indian young adults. Furthermore, when optimism was included in the prediction model, optimism consistently accounted for additional variance in negative affective conditions, beyond coping styles. Due to the additional variance among negative affective conditions accounted for by optimism when compared to coping, we advise that mental health professionals consider prioritizing the reinforcement of positive expectancy in addition to enhancing adaptive coping styles and reducing the use of maladaptive coping among Asian Indians.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":"149 3","pages":"391-404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2020.1867495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38781662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can suggestions of non-occurrence lead to claims that witnessed events did not happen? “未发生”的说法会导致目击事件没有发生吗?

IF 2.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2020.1860889

Tanjeem Azad, D Stephen Lindsay, Maria S Zaragoza

引用次数: 2

Synergistic effect of autonomy and relatedness satisfaction on cognitive deconstruction. 自主性和相关性满意度对认知解构的协同效应。

IF 2.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2020-09-17 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2020.1820434

Yuxin Liu, Chen Chen, Jianwei Zhang, Dirk van Dierendonck

{"title":"Synergistic effect of autonomy and relatedness satisfaction on cognitive deconstruction.","authors":"Yuxin Liu, Chen Chen, Jianwei Zhang, Dirk van Dierendonck","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2020.1820434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2020.1820434","url":null,"abstract":"We connected self-determination theory (SDT) and escape theory to deepen the understanding of the antecedents of cognitive deconstruction by introducing autonomy and relatedness satisfaction. Based on three laboratory experiments, results showed a limited determining role of autonomy satisfaction (Experiment 1); however, the causal relationship strengthened when autonomy satisfaction was in conjunction with relatedness satisfaction (Experiments 2 and 3). Relatedness satisfaction constantly predicts all symptoms of cognitive deconstruction. Importantly, all independent explanatory powers of the two require satisfactions when explaining that the symptoms of cognitive deconstruction were qualified by their interaction terms. Regardless of relatedness satisfaction, autonomy satisfaction always positively relates to time orientation. The relationship between autonomy satisfaction and meaninglessness is only negative when relatedness satisfaction is low. The relationship between autonomy satisfaction and delayed gratification is only positive when relatedness satisfaction is high.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":"149 2","pages":"196-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2020.1820434","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38488776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Do mindsets help in controlling eye gaze? A study to explore the effect of abstract and concrete mindsets on eye movements control. 心态有助于控制眼睛的凝视吗?探讨抽象和具体思维模式对眼球运动控制的影响。

IF 2.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-08 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2020.1828253

Saurabh Maheshwari, Viplav Tuladhar, Shreyasi Roy, Palakshi Sarmah, Kushal Rai, Tsering Thargay

{"title":"Do mindsets help in controlling eye gaze? A study to explore the effect of abstract and concrete mindsets on eye movements control.","authors":"Saurabh Maheshwari, Viplav Tuladhar, Shreyasi Roy, Palakshi Sarmah, Kushal Rai, Tsering Thargay","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2020.1828253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2020.1828253","url":null,"abstract":"Research on construal level theory shows the influence of abstract and concrete mindsets on self-control. These studies indicate that in the abstract mindset people have more self-control than in the concrete mindset. Though some studies have been carried out on behavioral control as well, however, the influence of mindsets on eye movement control has not been explored. Aiming to explore this relationship, two experiments were conducted on university students using an eye-tracker. The mindsets of participants in both the experiments were manipulated by the temporal distancing technique. To test eye movement control, experiment 1 used an anti-saccade task, in which the participants were asked to look away from the target, while experiment 2 used a visual search task where participants were asked to make goal-directed eye movements and avoid any distraction. The results of both the experiments showed that participants tended to have more control over their eye movement during the abstract mindset than the concrete mindset. This shows that mindsets not only help in controlling thoughts and general behaviors but also influence eye movements and govern what to look and where to look. Results are discussed in the light of self-control and construal level theory.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":"149 2","pages":"258-277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2020.1828253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38467210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The influence of culture and close others on the effectiveness of (self)-persuasion. 文化和亲密他人对(自我)说服效果的影响。

IF 2.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2020-08-07 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2020.1803193

Shuang Li, Rick B van Baaren, Barbara C N Müller

{"title":"The influence of culture and close others on the effectiveness of (self)-persuasion.","authors":"Shuang Li, Rick B van Baaren, Barbara C N Müller","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2020.1803193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2020.1803193","url":null,"abstract":"Although self-persuasion was shown to be more effective than direct persuasion in changing attitudes and intentions, its effectiveness in different cultures remains unclear. Furthermore, research suggests that Eastern individuals tend to incorporate close others in the self to a larger extent than Western individuals. Combining both lines of research, the current studies examined whether thinking of a close other would influence the effectiveness of (self)-persuasion across cultures. Two parallel studies were conducted. U.S. participants (nstudy 1 = 195; nstudy 2 = 292) and Chinese participants (nstudy 1 = 187; nstudy 2 = 313) reported their initial attitudes and intentions toward five target behaviors prior to either think of a specific close other or not. Subsequently, they were randomly assigned to receive either a self-persuasion or a direct persuasion task. Specifically, the self-persuasion task led participants to generate own arguments or arguments that they think the close other would give; the direct persuasion task led participants to read given arguments or imagine that the arguments were from the close other. In the end, all participants reported their attitudes and intentions again after doing the persuasion tasks. The moderation effect of culture was only found in Study 1, such that direct persuasion worked more effectively in Chinese participants than self-persuasion, whereas the effectiveness of the two persuasive techniques did not differ in U.S. participants. In both studies, thinking of a close other was not found to influence the effectiveness of (self-)persuasion across cultures. Possible explanations and future research directions were discussed.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":"149 2","pages":"139-168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2020.1803193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38236658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2