Journal of General Psychology最新文献

Honesty starts from within: conceptualization and multimethod measurement of self-honesty as a core value. 诚信从内部开始：自我诚信作为核心价值的概念和多方法测量。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2433289

E I Gorlin, C Huong, C Warren, S Weissman, Monica Langevin, J Durso, R T Johnson, C Mikula, T Gaugler, S J Wenze

{"title":"Honesty starts from within: conceptualization and multimethod measurement of self-honesty as a core value.","authors":"E I Gorlin, C Huong, C Warren, S Weissman, Monica Langevin, J Durso, R T Johnson, C Mikula, T Gaugler, S J Wenze","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2433289","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2433289","url":null,"abstract":"While the construct of self-deception has received ample theoretical and empirical attention, its virtuous counterpart-self-honesty-has been largely neglected. Yet, as argued here and elsewhere, the metacognitive practice of being honest with oneself may be among the most crucial concomitants of psychological growth and change. Consequently, drawing on theory and research from across several disciplines, this paper proposes a novel framework for understanding and measuring self-honesty as a core value. Using data from three separate studies that explore self-honesty via a newly developed self-report, implicit association test and an ecological momentary assessment measure, findings offer preliminary support for the construct of self-honesty as a distinct, psychometrically valid and reliable construct with relevance to multiple indices of psychological functioning. Pending further research, these findings have potentially far-reaching implications for our understanding and promotion of human virtue and flourishing.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"625-667"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

If colors have gender: Color-gender stereotype and the impact on impression evaluation and interpersonal interaction. 如果颜色有性别：颜色-性别刻板印象及其对印象评价和人际交往的影响。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2025.2478002

Chenyu Wang, Chengquan Zhu, Bin Zuo

{"title":"If colors have gender: Color-gender stereotype and the impact on impression evaluation and interpersonal interaction.","authors":"Chenyu Wang, Chengquan Zhu, Bin Zuo","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2025.2478002","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2025.2478002","url":null,"abstract":"There are gender-related associations in people's perceptions and judgment of color. This study verified the existence of more diverse gendered colors in the Chinese cultural context (pre-study). Furthermore, individuals hold color-gender stereotypes at both implicit and explicit levels. In explicit measurements, individuals generally believe that colors with male labels have more masculine qualities, while colors with female labels have more feminine qualities (Study 1). In implicit measurement, participants' response times for target lexical categorization and judgments increased significantly when lexical gender did not match the color gender in the Stroop Task (Study 2). In addition, color-gender stereotypes influence people's decisions and judgments in impression evaluation and interpersonal interactions. In impression evaluation, when presented with the target person using a color that is inconsistent with the existing gender stereotype, the original impression of the subject on the difference between warmth and competence is weakened (study 3). In interpersonal interaction, individuals tend to show higher negative social attractiveness evaluation and avoidance tendency in choices of friend-making when the target person uses a color that is inconsistent with the existing color-gender stereotype (study 4). Finally, the study extends the boundaries of the negative effect of color-gender stereotype inconsistency, with individuals evaluating the social attractiveness of color-gender stereotype inconsistent group significantly higher than that of color-gender stereotype inconsistent individual (Study 5).","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"707-746"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

JOL reactivity in negative faces memory: an examination of the changed-goal hypothesis. 消极面孔记忆中的JOL反应：改变目标假说的检验。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2025.2478003

Yanlin Guo, Xiaojing Zhang, Yuan Yuan, Yiting Long, Peiyao Cong, Yingjie Jiang

{"title":"JOL reactivity in negative faces memory: an examination of the changed-goal hypothesis.","authors":"Yanlin Guo, Xiaojing Zhang, Yuan Yuan, Yiting Long, Peiyao Cong, Yingjie Jiang","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2025.2478003","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2025.2478003","url":null,"abstract":"JOL reactivity denotes the modulation of memory performance by making judgments of learning (JOLs). Previous studies centering on verbal materials, evidence pertaining to visual stimuli, particularly emotional faces, remains limited. Additionally, theoretical frameworks explaining JOL reactivity remain contested. The present study aimed to elucidate the influence of emotional faces on JOL reactivity and the underlying cognitive mechanisms. Experiment 1 adopted a within-subject design with the forced choice recognition test as the memory test. The results found that making JOLs could improve memory performance only for negative faces, but not for positive and neutral faces, which revealed JOL reactivity specifically for negative faces. Experiment 2 adopted a mixed design and replicated these findings in an old/new recognition test. Notably, both experiments consistently revealed that participants assigned higher JOLs values to negative faces compared to positive and neutral faces. These findings indicate that making JOLs prompted individuals to pay greater attention to negative faces they considered easily memorable. Consequently, this enhanced their memory performance for these negative faces. The changed-goal hypothesis, which accounts for JOL reactivity, proposes that making JOLs shifts individuals' goal orientation, leading them to focus on learning items they perceive as easier while neglecting more difficult ones. This shift ultimately influences memory performance. This hypothesis aligns with the findings of the present study and offers a plausible explanation for the observed results.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"747-764"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spreading and Shifting of Attention: The Role of Object. 注意力的扩散与转移：客体的作用。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2025.2478001

Tong Xie, Shimin Fu

{"title":"Spreading and Shifting of Attention: The Role of Object.","authors":"Tong Xie, Shimin Fu","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2025.2478001","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2025.2478001","url":null,"abstract":"Object-based attention (OBA) is a selective attention mechanism that suggests that attention selects an object as a processing unit. This mechanism has been widely studied using the double-rectangle paradigm (Egly et al.), with shorter reaction times (RTs) in the within-object than in the between-object conditions as the OBA effect. However, this paradigm could not distinguish whether this OBA effect reflects a within-object benefit or a between-object cost. To address this issue, the present study employed the single-rectangle paradigm to disentangle the processes of spreading and shifting attention within an object, within space, and across an object's boundary. In Experiments 1 and 2, attention was encouraged to spread by using a two-target comparison task. The results revealed that spreading attention within an object is faster than within space, but the object boundary can impede this spreading. In Experiment 3, a detection task was used to encourage attentional shifts. Results showed that shifting attention across an object boundary incurs a cost, whereas shifting within an object provides no advantage over shifting within space. These findings, largely replicated with briefly disappeared objects, suggest that the OBA effect involves both a within-object benefit and a between-object cost, providing insights into how object influences attentional shifting and spreading.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"683-706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of financial constraints on individual preferences for visual density. 经济限制对个人视觉密度偏好的影响。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2025.2478615

Shichang Liang, Junyan He, Wanshan Deng, Tingting Zhang, Jingyi Li, Yizheng Zhou

{"title":"The effect of financial constraints on individual preferences for visual density.","authors":"Shichang Liang, Junyan He, Wanshan Deng, Tingting Zhang, Jingyi Li, Yizheng Zhou","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2025.2478615","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2025.2478615","url":null,"abstract":"Financial constraint refers to the extent to which individuals perceive themselves as financially deprived. Existing literature on the impact of financial constraints on visual perception primarily focuses on single visual elements, such as color, shape, visual breadth, and salience, with limited attention given to multiple visual elements, such as visual density. In this paper, through three experiments, the results show that financial constraints increase individuals' preference for products with high visual density (H1). This phenomenon arises from the experience of financial constraint, which represents a form of resource scarcity. According to metaphor theory, this scarcity evokes feelings of emptiness, and patterns with high visual density help alleviate this feeling of emptiness by creating a sense of being \"filled,\" thus mediating the effect of financial constraints and preference for visual density (H2). Moreover, the level of self-acceptance moderates this effect (H3). Specifically, for individuals with low self-acceptance, financial constraints increase their preference for products with high visual density patterns (H3a), whereas for individuals with high self-acceptance, financial constraints decrease this preference (H3b). These findings provide valuable insights for marketers, designers, and policymakers in optimizing the graphic design of product and packaging patterns.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"765-793"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of inner child healing course on fear of COVID-19 and emotional family relationships improvement during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19大流行期间儿童内心治愈课程对COVID-19恐惧和家庭情感关系改善的影响

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2449327

Nafiseh Derakhshan, Zahra Jafari, Parisa Khalilian

{"title":"Effects of inner child healing course on fear of COVID-19 and emotional family relationships improvement during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Nafiseh Derakhshan, Zahra Jafari, Parisa Khalilian","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2449327","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2449327","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic's psychological impact prompted this study to investigate the inner child healing course's effectiveness in reducing fear of COVID-19 and improving emotional family relationships. This quasi-experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Convenience sampling was employed to select 42 women randomly from five psychotherapy centers in Isfahan (Iran) in 2020. They were then randomly assigned to a control group (n = 21) and an experimental group (n = 21). The experimental group received the inner child healing course in six sessions, whereas the control group received no intervention. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale and the Emotional Family Relationships Questionnaire were utilized for data collection. Analysis of covariance was employed for data analysis using SPSS 25. Participants in the inner child healing group reported significantly higher mean scores on happiness (12.40 ± 1.11) compared to the control group (5.90 ± 2.24). This pattern of higher means in the inner child healing group persisted for freedom and intimacy in family relationships (11.50 ± 1.90 vs. 5.12 ± 1.60), trust in the family (13.61 ± 1.90 vs. 6.21 ± 2.04), and collaborative decision-making with family (12.34 ± 2.05 vs. 6.31 ± 1.80). Statistical analysis revealed significant effects of the inner child healing course on happiness (p<.01), freedom and intimacy with family members (p<.01), trust in family members (p<.01), and collaborative decision-making with family members (p<.01) in women. Notably, the intervention did not yield statistically significant effects on commitment and responsibility or fear of COVID-19 in this sample of married women. This suggests the inner child healing course may improve emotional well-being within families during COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"668-682"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediction of the End of a Romantic Relationship in Peruvian Youth and Adults: A Machine Learning Approach. 秘鲁青少年和成年人恋爱关系结束的预测：机器学习方法

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2433278

José Ventura-León, Cristopher Lino-Cruz, Andy Rick Sánchez-Villena, Shirley Tocto-Muñoz, Renzo Martinez-Munive, Karim Talledo-Sánchez, Kenia Casiano-Valdivieso

{"title":"Prediction of the End of a Romantic Relationship in Peruvian Youth and Adults: A Machine Learning Approach.","authors":"José Ventura-León, Cristopher Lino-Cruz, Andy Rick Sánchez-Villena, Shirley Tocto-Muñoz, Renzo Martinez-Munive, Karim Talledo-Sánchez, Kenia Casiano-Valdivieso","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2433278","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2433278","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the effectiveness of machine learning models in predicting the end of romantic relationships among Peruvian youth and adults, considering various socioeconomic and personal attributes. The study implements logistic regression, gradient boosting, support vector machines, and decision trees on SMOTE-balanced data using a sample of 429 individuals to improve model robustness and accuracy. Using stratified random sampling, the data is split into training (80%) and validation (20%) sets. The models are evaluated through 10-fold cross-validation, focusing on accuracy, F1-score, AUC, sensitivity, and specificity metrics. The Random Forest model is the preferred algorithm because of its superior performance in all evaluation metrics. Hyperparameter tuning was conducted to optimize the model, identifying key predictors of relationship dissolution, including negative interactions, desire for emotional infidelity, and low relationship satisfaction. SHAP analysis was utilized to interpret the directional impact of each variable on the prediction outcomes. This study underscores the potential of machine learning tools in providing deep insights into relationship dynamics, suggesting their application in personalized therapeutic interventions to enhance relationship quality and reduce the incidence of breakups. Future research should incorporate larger and more diverse datasets to further validate these findings.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"577-598"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inducing strategies to solve a mental rotation task is possible: evidence from a sex-related eye-tracking analysis. 解决心理旋转任务的诱导策略是可能的：来自与性有关的眼球追踪分析的证据。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-08 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2433287

Laura M Fernández-Méndez, Laura Cepero Amores, Isabel Orenes, Antonio Prieto, Antonio Rodán, Pedro R Montoro, Julia Mayas, Raúl Cabestrero, María José Contreras

{"title":"Inducing strategies to solve a mental rotation task is possible: evidence from a sex-related eye-tracking analysis.","authors":"Laura M Fernández-Méndez, Laura Cepero Amores, Isabel Orenes, Antonio Prieto, Antonio Rodán, Pedro R Montoro, Julia Mayas, Raúl Cabestrero, María José Contreras","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2433287","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2433287","url":null,"abstract":"The study of spatial skills is gaining importance due to their relevance in everyday activities and their critical role in developing competencies across various academic disciplines. The main goal of this study was to explore whether mental rotation strategies, such as the so-called holistic -rotating an entire object- and piecemeal -rotating individual parts of the object- approaches, can be induced, and whether sex differences emerge during the process of strategy induction. This objective holds a pivotal role as it could lead to the enhancement of mental rotation abilities and the development of effective interventions. To achieve this, a mental rotation task was conducted while eye movements were recorded. In the first block, participants solved the task freely, while in the second block, they received instructions to solve it through either a holistic (42 participants) or a piecemeal (43 participants) strategy in a between-subjects design. In both strategies, participants showed better performance in the second block compared to the first. Males outperformed females. The holistic strategy resulted in faster reaction times in the second block. The number of fixations and saccadic movements decreased in the second block compared to the first for the holistic strategy, while the piecemeal strategy exhibited the opposite ocular pattern. These results indicate that effective mental rotation strategies were successfully elicited. No sex differences were found in the analyzed eye movement variables.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"599-624"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovative approaches to organizing the learning process in an opera choir to increase student motivation and self-expression. 以创新的方法组织歌剧合唱团的学习过程，以增加学生的动机和自我表达。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2025.2541590

Lele Zhang, Zhidong Hu

{"title":"Innovative approaches to organizing the learning process in an opera choir to increase student motivation and self-expression.","authors":"Lele Zhang, Zhidong Hu","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2025.2541590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2025.2541590","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of the current article is to empirically evaluate a set of innovative approaches to organizing the educational process in an opera choir and their effect on student motivation and self-expression. The sample included 100 second-year students of Suzhou Vocational University who studied at the Department of Music. The research tools were the Scale of Motivation to Study in an Opera Choir and the Scale of Self-expression in an Opera Choir. As an educational intervention, an influence program included a set of innovative ways to organize the learning of choral opera. The study revealed significant improvements in the motivation and self-expression of students using innovative approaches to learning choral opera. Regarding the indicators of self-expression in the influence group, the students increased Emotional Expression by 6.68 points, Artistic Individuality by 6.66 points, and Creative Interpretation by 7.08 points. These data demonstrate that innovative teaching methods can significantly improve the studied aspects of learning. Statistically significant results in the influence group, in contrast to the control group, confirm the effectiveness of integrating innovative approaches into the educational process. Therefore, integrated innovative methods can play a key role in shaping the future of choral opera. The results have practical value, confirming that the integration of innovative methods into the educational process in an opera choir can significantly improve the motivation and self-expression of students. The scientific value lies in the rationale for using innovative approaches in education. The study highlights their potential role in the development of choral opera.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI-powered technologies in physical education: impact on physical and psycho-emotional well-being of students. 体育教育中的人工智能技术：对学生身心健康的影响。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2025.2541585

Haibo Xu

引用次数: 0