Journal of General Psychology最新文献

If colors have gender: Color-gender stereotype and the impact on impression evaluation and interpersonal interaction. 如果颜色有性别：颜色-性别刻板印象及其对印象评价和人际交往的影响。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2025.2478002

Chenyu Wang, Chengquan Zhu, Bin Zuo

{"title":"If colors have gender: Color-gender stereotype and the impact on impression evaluation and interpersonal interaction.","authors":"Chenyu Wang, Chengquan Zhu, Bin Zuo","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2025.2478002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2025.2478002","url":null,"abstract":"There are gender-related associations in people's perceptions and judgment of color. This study verified the existence of more diverse gendered colors in the Chinese cultural context (pre-study). Furthermore, individuals hold color-gender stereotypes at both implicit and explicit levels. In explicit measurements, individuals generally believe that colors with male labels have more masculine qualities, while colors with female labels have more feminine qualities (Study 1). In implicit measurement, participants' response times for target lexical categorization and judgments increased significantly when lexical gender did not match the color gender in the Stroop Task (Study 2). In addition, color-gender stereotypes influence people's decisions and judgments in impression evaluation and interpersonal interactions. In impression evaluation, when presented with the target person using a color that is inconsistent with the existing gender stereotype, the original impression of the subject on the difference between warmth and competence is weakened (study 3). In interpersonal interaction, individuals tend to show higher negative social attractiveness evaluation and avoidance tendency in choices of friend-making when the target person uses a color that is inconsistent with the existing color-gender stereotype (study 4). Finally, the study extends the boundaries of the negative effect of color-gender stereotype inconsistency, with individuals evaluating the social attractiveness of color-gender stereotype inconsistent group significantly higher than that of color-gender stereotype inconsistent individual (Study 5).","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spreading and Shifting of Attention: The Role of Object.

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2025.2478001

Tong Xie, Shimin Fu

{"title":"Spreading and Shifting of Attention: The Role of Object.","authors":"Tong Xie, Shimin Fu","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2025.2478001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2025.2478001","url":null,"abstract":"Object-based attention (OBA) is a selective attention mechanism that suggests that attention selects an object as a processing unit. This mechanism has been widely studied using the double-rectangle paradigm (Egly et al.), with shorter reaction times (RTs) in the within-object than in the between-object conditions as the OBA effect. However, this paradigm could not distinguish whether this OBA effect reflects a within-object benefit or a between-object cost. To address this issue, the present study employed the single-rectangle paradigm to disentangle the processes of spreading and shifting attention within an object, within space, and across an object's boundary. In Experiments 1 and 2, attention was encouraged to spread by using a two-target comparison task. The results revealed that spreading attention within an object is faster than within space, but the object boundary can impede this spreading. In Experiment 3, a detection task was used to encourage attentional shifts. Results showed that shifting attention across an object boundary incurs a cost, whereas shifting within an object provides no advantage over shifting within space. These findings, largely replicated with briefly disappeared objects, suggest that the OBA effect involves both a within-object benefit and a between-object cost, providing insights into how object influences attentional shifting and spreading.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

JOL reactivity in negative faces memory: an examination of the changed-goal hypothesis.

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2025.2478003

Yanlin Guo, Xiaojing Zhang, Yuan Yuan, Yiting Long, Peiyao Cong, Yingjie Jiang

{"title":"JOL reactivity in negative faces memory: an examination of the changed-goal hypothesis.","authors":"Yanlin Guo, Xiaojing Zhang, Yuan Yuan, Yiting Long, Peiyao Cong, Yingjie Jiang","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2025.2478003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2025.2478003","url":null,"abstract":"JOL reactivity denotes the modulation of memory performance by making judgments of learning (JOLs). Previous studies centering on verbal materials, evidence pertaining to visual stimuli, particularly emotional faces, remains limited. Additionally, theoretical frameworks explaining JOL reactivity remain contested. The present study aimed to elucidate the influence of emotional faces on JOL reactivity and the underlying cognitive mechanisms. Experiment 1 adopted a within-subject design with the forced choice recognition test as the memory test. The results found that making JOLs could improve memory performance only for negative faces, but not for positive and neutral faces, which revealed JOL reactivity specifically for negative faces. Experiment 2 adopted a mixed design and replicated these findings in an old/new recognition test. Notably, both experiments consistently revealed that participants assigned higher JOLs values to negative faces compared to positive and neutral faces. These findings indicate that making JOLs prompted individuals to pay greater attention to negative faces they considered easily memorable. Consequently, this enhanced their memory performance for these negative faces. The changed-goal hypothesis, which accounts for JOL reactivity, proposes that making JOLs shifts individuals' goal orientation, leading them to focus on learning items they perceive as easier while neglecting more difficult ones. This shift ultimately influences memory performance. This hypothesis aligns with the findings of the present study and offers a plausible explanation for the observed results.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of inner child healing course on fear of COVID-19 and emotional family relationships improvement during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19大流行期间儿童内心治愈课程对COVID-19恐惧和家庭情感关系改善的影响

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2449327

Nafiseh Derakhshan, Zahra Jafari, Parisa Khalilian

{"title":"Effects of inner child healing course on fear of COVID-19 and emotional family relationships improvement during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Nafiseh Derakhshan, Zahra Jafari, Parisa Khalilian","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2449327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2024.2449327","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic's psychological impact prompted this study to investigate the inner child healing course's effectiveness in reducing fear of COVID-19 and improving emotional family relationships. This quasi-experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Convenience sampling was employed to select 42 women randomly from five psychotherapy centers in Isfahan (Iran) in 2020. They were then randomly assigned to a control group (n = 21) and an experimental group (n = 21). The experimental group received the inner child healing course in six sessions, whereas the control group received no intervention. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale and the Emotional Family Relationships Questionnaire were utilized for data collection. Analysis of covariance was employed for data analysis using SPSS 25. Participants in the inner child healing group reported significantly higher mean scores on happiness (12.40 ± 1.11) compared to the control group (5.90 ± 2.24). This pattern of higher means in the inner child healing group persisted for freedom and intimacy in family relationships (11.50 ± 1.90 vs. 5.12 ± 1.60), trust in the family (13.61 ± 1.90 vs. 6.21 ± 2.04), and collaborative decision-making with family (12.34 ± 2.05 vs. 6.31 ± 1.80). Statistical analysis revealed significant effects of the inner child healing course on happiness (p<.01), freedom and intimacy with family members (p<.01), trust in family members (p<.01), and collaborative decision-making with family members (p<.01) in women. Notably, the intervention did not yield statistically significant effects on commitment and responsibility or fear of COVID-19 in this sample of married women. This suggests the inner child healing course may improve emotional well-being within families during COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

More envy, more loneliness? not only that: A longitudinal study and daily diary study. 更多的嫉妒，更多的孤独？不仅如此：一项纵向研究和日常日记研究。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2331137

Liping Ma, Xiaojun Li, Yanhui Xiang

{"title":"More envy, more loneliness? not only that: A longitudinal study and daily diary study.","authors":"Liping Ma, Xiaojun Li, Yanhui Xiang","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2331137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2024.2331137","url":null,"abstract":"Although cross-sectional studies have explored the correlation between envy and loneliness, few longitudinal studies have investigated the bidirectional association between envy and loneliness at both trait and state levels. Here, through a longitudinal study and a daily diary investigation, we examined the interrelationships between envy and loneliness at both trait and state levels. In study 1, 288 college students answered the Dispositional Envy Scale (DES) and UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCL-8 Scale) twice with a one-year interval. The results of cross-lagged analysis indicated that dispositional envy could predict trait loneliness, while not vice versa. In study 2, using the adapted items form DES and UCL-8, a 14-day diary survey from a sample of 195 college students was conducted to investigate the interrelationship between state envy and state loneliness. The results of multivariate latent growth models and hierarchical linear models indicated that state envy could positively predict state loneliness and vice versa. Taken together, these findings uncover the bidirectional relationship between envy and loneliness at both the trait and state levels.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Calling and job involvement: the role of prosocial motivation in the performance of mission-driven organization. 召唤与工作参与：亲社会动机在使命驱动型组织绩效中的作用。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2349763

Hsien-Chun Chen, I-Heng Chen, Chin Tung Stewart Ng

引用次数: 0

Visual attention is not attuned to non-human animal targets' pathogenicity: an evolutionary mismatch perspective. 视觉注意力不适应非人类动物目标的致病性：进化错配视角。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2349005

Sezer Rengiiyiler, Mert Teközel

{"title":"Visual attention is not attuned to non-human animal targets' pathogenicity: an evolutionary mismatch perspective.","authors":"Sezer Rengiiyiler, Mert Teközel","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2349005","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2349005","url":null,"abstract":"A considerable amount of research has revealed that there exists an evolutionary mismatch between ancestral environments and conditions following the rise of agriculture regarding the contact between humans and animal reservoirs of infectious diseases. Based on this evolutionary mismatch framework, we examined whether visual attention exhibits adaptive attunement toward animal targets' pathogenicity. Consistent with our predictions, faces bearing heuristic infection cues held attention to a greater extent than did animal vectors of zoonotic infectious diseases. Moreover, the results indicated that attention showed a specialized vigilance toward processing facial cues connoting the presence of infectious diseases, whereas it was allocated comparably between animal disease vectors and disease-irrelevant animals. On the other hand, the pathogen salience manipulation employed to amplify the participants' contextual-level anti-pathogen motives did not moderate the selective allocation of attentional resources. The fact that visual attention seems poorly equipped to detect and encode animals' zoonotic transmission risk supports the idea that our evolved disease avoidance mechanisms might have limited effectiveness in combating global outbreaks originating from zoonotic emerging infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"36-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140909601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The distinct effects of fearful and disgusting scenes on self-relevant face recognition. 恐惧和恶心场景对自我相关人脸识别的不同影响

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2349764

Yuan Yuan, Lili Guan, Yifei Cao, Yang Xu

{"title":"The distinct effects of fearful and disgusting scenes on self-relevant face recognition.","authors":"Yuan Yuan, Lili Guan, Yifei Cao, Yang Xu","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2349764","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2349764","url":null,"abstract":"Self-face recognition denotes the process by which a person can recognize their own face by distinguishing it from another's face. Although many research studies have explored the inhibition effect of negative information on self-relevant face processing, few researchers have examined whether negative scenes influence self-relevant face processing. Fearful and disgusting scenes are typical negative scenes, but little research to data has examined their discriminative effects on self-relevant face recognition. To investigate these issues, the current study explored the effect of negative scenes on self-relevant face recognition. In Study 1, 44 participants (20 men, 24 women) were asked to judge the orientation of a target face (self-face or friend-face) pictured in a negative or neutral scene, whereas 40 participants (19 men, 21 women) were asked to complete the same task in a fearful, disgusting, or neutral scene in Study 2. The results showed that negative scenes inhibited the speed of recognizing self-faces. Furthermore, the above effect of negative scenes on self-relevant face recognition occurred with fearful rather than disgusting scenes. Our findings suggest the distinct effects of fearful scenes and disgusting scenes on self-relevant face processing, which may be associated with the automatic attentional capture to negative scenes (especially fearful scenes) and the tendency to escape self-awareness.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"87-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of negative emotion on prospective memory and its different components. 负面情绪对前瞻性记忆及其不同组成部分的影响。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2349782

Yunfei Guo, Jiaqun Gan, Yongxin Li

{"title":"Effect of negative emotion on prospective memory and its different components.","authors":"Yunfei Guo, Jiaqun Gan, Yongxin Li","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2349782","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2349782","url":null,"abstract":"Prospective memory is an important and complex social cognitive ability, which is easily disturbed by negative emotions. According to the relationship between prospective memory cues and ongoing tasks, prospective memory can be divided into focal prospective memory and non-focal prospective memory. This study focuses on the influence of negative emotions on different types of prospective memory. In Experiment 1, 117 participants were recruited, using a 2 (emotion: negative, neutral) × 2 (cue focality: focal, non-focal) between-subjects design to initially explore whether negative emotions can interfere with the prospective memory of both focal cue and non-focal cue. The results show that negative emotions simultaneously reduce both types of prospective memory performance. At the same time, negative emotions occupy additional attention resources and impair the prospective component of prospective memory with non-focal cues. In Experiment 2, 64 participants were recruited to improve the difficulty of the retrospective component of prospective memory with non-focal cues, and the influence of negative emotions on different components of prospective memory with non-focal cues was further explored. The results show that negative emotions can impair both the prospective and retrospective components of prospective memory. In short, the results of this study indicate that negative emotion can impair prospective memory, and the impairment effect is not limited by the cue type of prospective memory. Meanwhile, negative emotion will occupy more attentional resources and simultaneously affect the prospective and retrospective components of prospective memory.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"130-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140899975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The double-edged sword of workplace friendship: exploring when and how workplace friendship promotes versus inhibits voice behavior. 职场友谊的双刃剑：探讨职场友谊何时以及如何促进和抑制发声行为。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2334723

Shuai Wang, Yuxin Liu, Zhuang Lou, Yun Chen

{"title":"The double-edged sword of workplace friendship: exploring when and how workplace friendship promotes versus inhibits voice behavior.","authors":"Shuai Wang, Yuxin Liu, Zhuang Lou, Yun Chen","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2334723","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2334723","url":null,"abstract":"Extant research has demonstrated the positive roles of workplace friendships and has recently found the negative effect or the double-edged effect on employees and organizations. Unfortunately, little is known about the boundary condition of the double-edged effects of workplace friendships and the elaborated understanding of the mechanism of positive and negative effects of workplace friendship simultaneously. Our purpose is to reveal that workplace friendship is a mixed blessing by investigating when and how workplace friendships are likely to promote versus inhibit voice behavior. We propose that the double-edged effect of workplace friendship hinges on the competitive climate. Specifically, when the competitive climate is low, workplace friendship is positively related to employees' psychological safety, promoting voice behavior. In contrast, workplace friendship is positively related to employees' face concern, inhibiting voice behavior when the competitive climate is high. Our hypotheses were supported across the three waves of surveys and experimental studies. Taken together, our findings reveal the perils and benefits of workplace friendship and the importance of boundary conditions resulting in employees' differential psychological processes in friendship interaction.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140899991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0