Journal of General Psychology最新文献_第4页

Multiple sources of unconscious-information processing affect a single response: independent unconscious priming effects. 无意识信息处理的多种来源影响单一反应：独立的无意识引物效应。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2321536

Dingding Wang, Jiuhong Yan, Jun Li, Jerwen Jou, Jun Jiang, Jiang Qiu, Shen Tu

{"title":"Multiple sources of unconscious-information processing affect a single response: independent unconscious priming effects.","authors":"Dingding Wang, Jiuhong Yan, Jun Li, Jerwen Jou, Jun Jiang, Jiang Qiu, Shen Tu","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2321536","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2321536","url":null,"abstract":"At present there is little knowledge on whether and how multiple pieces of unconscious information can simultaneously affect a single conscious response. In the present study, we manipulated the congruency relation between a masked prime arrow and the target arrow, as well as that between masked flankers and the target arrow. The results demonstrated that the masked prime and flankers produced independent unconscious priming effects on the response to the target. In the process of studying the above phenomenon, two secondary findings were made. First, although the prime congruency effect was obtained, the flanker congruency effect was smaller when the flankers were displayed simultaneously with the target than when they were displayed sequentially before the target. This suggested that priming stimulation required enough time to be processed to a sufficient extent to produce an unconscious priming effect. Second, when the prime stimulus was removed, leaving only the flankers, the flanker priming effect increased, suggesting that the attention attracted to the prime and its conscious mask could also reduce the flanker congruency effect. These results observed across several experiments were replicated in one within-subjects experiment. We proposed an \"independent unconscious influence hypothesis\" for the phenomenon. This hypothesis was further integrated into a more comprehensive unconscious information processing model. The possible causes of the observed phenomena were discussed.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"568-596"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age differences in the recruitment of syntactic analysis and semantic plausibility during sentence comprehension. 句子理解中句法分析和语义合理性的年龄差异。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-19 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2023.2283107

Xinmiao Liu

{"title":"Age differences in the recruitment of syntactic analysis and semantic plausibility during sentence comprehension.","authors":"Xinmiao Liu","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2023.2283107","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2023.2283107","url":null,"abstract":"Syntactic analysis and semantic plausibility provide important cues to build the meaningful representation of sentences. The purpose of this research is to explore the age-related differences in the use of syntactic analysis and semantic plausibility during sentence comprehension under different working memory load conditions. A sentence judgment task was implemented among a group of older and younger adults. Semantic plausibility (plausible, implausible) and syntactic consistency (consistent, inconsistent) were manipulated in the experimental stimuli, and working memory load (high, low) was varied by manipulating the presentation of the stimuli. The study revealed a stronger effect of semantic plausibility in older adults than in younger adults when working memory load was low. But no significant age difference in the effect of syntactic consistency was discovered. When working memory load was high, there was a stronger effect of semantic plausibility and a weaker effect of syntactic consistency in older adults than in younger adults, which suggests that older adults relied more on semantic plausibility and less on syntactic analysis than younger adults. The findings indicate that there is an age-related increase in the use of semantic plausibility, and a reduction in the use of syntactic analysis as working memory load increases.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"444-466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138048191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction. 更正。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2369965

引用次数: 0

Judgments of learning reactively affect memory by inducing covert retrieval. 对学习的判断通过诱导隐蔽性检索对记忆产生反应性影响。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2409785

Xiaojing Zhang, Yanlin Guo, Yingjie Jiang, Yuan Yuan

{"title":"Judgments of learning reactively affect memory by inducing covert retrieval.","authors":"Xiaojing Zhang, Yanlin Guo, Yingjie Jiang, Yuan Yuan","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2409785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2024.2409785","url":null,"abstract":"Making judgments of learning (JOLs) can directly influence memory, a phenomenon termed the reactivity effect of JOLs. However, controversy surrounds the mechanism behind JOL reactivity. This study employs related and unrelated word pairs as learning materials to compare memory outcomes across different JOL conditions. We contrasted the traditional JOL reactivity paradigm with a covert retrieval induction paradigm to explore whether JOLs impact memory through covert retrieval. In Experiment 1, data from 40 participants (18 females, 22 males) were analyzed, revealed distinct patterns between the two paradigms. When word pairs are presented entirely, the JOL group outperforms the no-JOL group in memorizing related pairs, aligning with traditional JOL reactivity. Conversely, when target words are omitted, the JOL group's memory resembles that of the no-JOL group. This comparison suggested that JOLs may prompt covert retrieval. In Experiment 2, which involved manipulating the retrieval strength, data from 52 participants (46 females, 6 males) were analyzed, yielded results consistent with those of Experiment 1. We conclude that covert retrieval significantly contributes to the JOL reactivity effect, enhancing memory through JOL-induced covert retrieval.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mindfulness matters: Unveiling the relationship between trait mindfulness and procrastination - A three level meta-analysis. 正念很重要：揭示正念特质与拖延症之间的关系--三层荟萃分析。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2407426

Yidi Mao, Juan Zhang, Yijun Liu, Yihui Wang

{"title":"Mindfulness matters: Unveiling the relationship between trait mindfulness and procrastination - A three level meta-analysis.","authors":"Yidi Mao, Juan Zhang, Yijun Liu, Yihui Wang","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2407426","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2407426","url":null,"abstract":"Procrastination is a personality tendency with several deleterious consequences. Trait mindfulness has been found to be associated with procrastination. Nevertheless, the relationship between trait mindfulness and procrastination has yielded inconsistent results in previous studies. Therefore, by utilizing a three-level random-effects meta-analysic model, the present study synthesized previous studies to investigate the relationship between trait mindfulness and procrastination and explore the potential moderators that may affect this relationship. A significant and negative relationship between trait mindfulness and procrastination (r = -0.365; p < 0.0001) was found by analyzing 36 effect sizes from 19 studies with 14,094 participants. The subsequent moderator analysis did not reveal any significant moderators. Overall, the current meta-analysis shed insightful light on information for future research on reducing procrastination by considering utilizing mindfulness-based interventions that make it easier for individuals to maintain a mindfulness state and enhance trait mindfulness, thereby reducing procrastination.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reality Cheque: Different Methods of Eliciting Fear-Related Beliefs Reveal Multiple Representations of Threat. 现实支票：激发恐惧相关信念的不同方法揭示了威胁的多重表征。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2405876

James W B Elsey, Vivian N Metselaar, Elias Geiser, Donna F Knoop, Suraya M Gangadien, Nella A Schrijver, Lena M van den Nieuwenhof, Véra M Spiekman, Marta J Jakschik, Casper M Enkelaar, Esperanza S J Visbeek, Marieke Effting, Merel Kindt

{"title":"Reality Cheque: Different Methods of Eliciting Fear-Related Beliefs Reveal Multiple Representations of Threat.","authors":"James W B Elsey, Vivian N Metselaar, Elias Geiser, Donna F Knoop, Suraya M Gangadien, Nella A Schrijver, Lena M van den Nieuwenhof, Véra M Spiekman, Marta J Jakschik, Casper M Enkelaar, Esperanza S J Visbeek, Marieke Effting, Merel Kindt","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2405876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2024.2405876","url":null,"abstract":"Influential models of fears and phobias suggest that irrational threat beliefs underpin excessive fear. Yet, many fearful individuals recognize their fear is not justified. Drawing on memory competition/multiple representations theory, we developed a novel, fear-relevant procedure, which reveals conflicting representations of threat. In three experiments (Experiment 1, N = 49, Experiment 2, N = 47, Experiment 3, N = 75), fearful and non-fearful participants not only provided Probability Ratings for fear-related outcomes in a fear-relevant exposure task, but placed Bets, with payoffs depending on what happened in reality. Fearful participants displayed much higher Probability Ratings than Low fear participants. However, Bets revealed far less consistent group differences, even when proximal to threat (Experiments 1 and 2), and differences between High and Low fear participants' Bets disappeared when they could not be anchored to previous Probability Ratings (Experiment 3). A Neutral Betting task also showed that general betting strategies were comparable between groups. We suggest that these findings may reflect the multi-representational nature of belief, in which both adaptive and maladaptive representations of a feared object may exist in parallel, with personal and contextual factors determining which form of representation is retrieved or expressed. This perspective can provide insights into the complex interplay of adaptive and maladaptive beliefs that is a central focus of currently dominant therapies.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The two-way relationship of interpersonal curiosity and daily envy. 人际好奇心与日常羡慕的双向关系。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2405042

Jiali He, Liu Hanshu

{"title":"The two-way relationship of interpersonal curiosity and daily envy.","authors":"Jiali He, Liu Hanshu","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2405042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2024.2405042","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Envy and interpersonal curiosity are common emotional and psychological phenomena in relationships that collectively influence our social behavior and experiences. However, there is a research gap regarding the interaction between interpersonal curiosity and envy. Therefore, this study will primarily utilize daily diary methods to investigate the relationship between interpersonal curiosity and envy.Method: Using the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale and the Chinese Adolescents' Interpersonal Curiosity Questionnaire, Study 1 conducted a preliminary study on 392 middle school students using cross-sectional data. Based on the data from Study 1, we selected the ten items (2 items per variable) with the highest factor load for the daily measurement of Study 2. Study 2 utilized the diary method and recruited 81 adolescents as participants for a 14-day measurement period.Results: The results of Study 1indicate a significant correlation between malicious envy and interpersonal curiosity, as well as a significant correlation between benign envy and interpersonal curiosity (excluding general interpersonal curiosity). The findings from Study 2 indicate that daily malicious envy can enhance private interpersonal curiosity and general interpersonal curiosity, daily benign envy can enhance curiosity exploration, and daily curiosity exploration can also enhance benign envy.Discussion: This study enhances comprehension of the two-way relationship between adolescent envy and interpersonal curiosity within the framework of social comparison theory. The findings underscore the significance of adolescents recognizing and respecting others' boundaries to mitigate the adverse effects linked to malicious envy. Furthermore, adolescents are encouraged to channel benign envy into a source of motivation, fostering personal growth and fostering positive relationships through curiosity exploration.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of self-healing training on perfectionism and frustration tolerance in mothers of single-parent students. 自我修复训练对单亲学生母亲完美主义和挫折容忍度的影响。

IF 2.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2023.2275305

Marzie Vahhab, Zohreh Latifi, Mehdi Marvi, Mohammad Soltanizadeh, Alexander Loyd

{"title":"Effects of self-healing training on perfectionism and frustration tolerance in mothers of single-parent students.","authors":"Marzie Vahhab, Zohreh Latifi, Mehdi Marvi, Mohammad Soltanizadeh, Alexander Loyd","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2023.2275305","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2023.2275305","url":null,"abstract":"It is essential to focus on the variables that can empower mothers of single-parent students. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of self-healing training on perfectionism and frustration tolerance in mothers of single-parent students. The statistical population included all divorced mothers of elementary school students within the 2020-21 academic year. Sampling was performed in two stages, the first of which was multistage cluster sampling, whereas the second stage was purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study sample (n = 40) was divided into two groups of 20 (control and experimental). This quasi-experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest control group design with follow-up. The experimental group was trained in the self-healing protocol for fourteen weekly 90-minute sessions. The repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS-26 was then used for data analysis. The mean ± SD of perfectionism in the self-healing and control groups in the posttest was 67.75 ± 11.84 and 106.05 ± 22.01. Moreover, in the posttest stage, the mean ± SD of frustration tolerance in the intervention and control groups was 78.60 ± 7.93 and 99.45 ± 9.36, respectively. According to findings, self-healing training significantly affected the components of perfectionism including personal standards, concern over mistakes, and parental criticism. It also had significant effects on the components of frustration tolerance including discomfort intolerance, emotional intolerance, and achievement made by single mothers of students. The results were stable over time. However, self-healing training had no significant effects on perfectionism entitlement and subscales of frustration tolerance including discipline and organization, doubt about actions, and parental expectations.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"374-389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Getting it right takes time: response time and performance in secondary school students. 做好这件事需要时间：中学生的反应时间和表现。

IF 2.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2023.2275304

Antonio Rodán, Miriam Romero, Cristina Casadevante, José Santacreu, Pedro R Montoro, María José Contreras

{"title":"Getting it right takes time: response time and performance in secondary school students.","authors":"Antonio Rodán, Miriam Romero, Cristina Casadevante, José Santacreu, Pedro R Montoro, María José Contreras","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2023.2275304","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2023.2275304","url":null,"abstract":"The relation between response time and performance in cognitive tasks is increasingly evident. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of participants' spontaneous speed when responding to a mental rotation task. We carried out a data reanalysis from a previous study where a training of 3 practice sessions of 100 trials each was applied. The procedure was applied to a sample of 21 high school students (11 boys, 10 girls). The relation between response time and performance (hits) across the training trials was analyzed. In addition, we carried out a regression analysis of performance on the learning task as a function of response time on that same task, as well as with the score on two previously applied tests of spatial intelligence and fluid intelligence. Results showed, (a) a significant relationship (r = 0.624) between response time and hits, (b) that the group of participants with longer response times performed better; (c) that participants' response time explained most of the variance of their score on the training task in the regression analysis, although spatial and fluid intelligence scores improved the prediction of performance. Our results suggest that the reflective style achieves greater performance in solving spatial tasks, which could have important practical implications to promote a slower and more reflective style when solving school tasks with spatial components.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"357-373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bidirectional relations between gratitude and depression/anxiety: based on three follow-up data. 感恩与抑郁/焦虑的双向关系:基于三个随访数据。

IF 2.5 4区心理学

Journal of General Psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-19 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2023.2275315

Zhongyuan Liang, Yanhui Xiang

引用次数: 0