Latin American Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Education, Racism, and the Pandemic: A Pedagogical-Critical Analysis for Latin America","authors":"Maikel Pons-Giralt, Oscar Ulloa-Guerra, Ricel Martínez-Sierra, Mirtha del Prado Morales, Mariana Ortega-Breña","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241298593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241298593","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic deepened social and educational inequality for Afro-descendants and indigenous people in Latin America and the Caribbean. A regional analytical overview with a focus on Brazil and on the social and educational challenges faced by these people and the epistemological, ontological, and pedagogical alternatives for the inclusion of racialized persons during the pandemic. The analysis points to the need for and the viabililty of exploring innovative pedagogical paths for promoting ethnic-racial inclusion and an antiracist form of education that responds to our contemporary context.La pandemia profundiza las brechas de desigualdad social y educacional para afrodescendientes e indígenas en América Latina y Caribe. Un panorama analítico regional, con foco en Brasil, acerca de los desafíos sociales y educacionales que enfrentan afrodescendientes e indígenas identifica fundamentos y experiencias que durante la pandemia constituyen alternativas epistemológicas, ontológicas y pedagógicas para la inclusión de personas racializadas. El análisis permite corroborar que es necesario y posible explorar caminos pedagógicos innovadores en la promoción de la inclusión étnico-racial y de una educación antirracista que contesten el escenario contemporáneo.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change in Governance Modes in Marine Protected Areas that Overlap with Fishing Territories: A Study of Cuba and Brazil","authors":"Manuela Dreyer da Silva, Cristina Frutuoso Teixeira, Raimundo Vento Tielves, Christian Luiz da Silva, Ania Bustio Ramos, Décio Estevão do Nascimento, Heather Heyes","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241262996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241262996","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses governance in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), particularly the possibility of formulating arrangements capable of confronting the effects of the ocean grabbing process in fishing territories. Through the articulation of experiences in MPAs in Cuba and Brazil and the content analysis of technical-scientific documents produced on the daily governance of these areas, legal frameworks in both countries, and peer-reviewed articles, this study identifies vectors of change in established modes of governance. The identified vectors are potential verifiers of equity and socio-environmental justice criteria in governance processes that can encourage recognition of traditional fisher’s rights to deliberation on access and use of resources in these areas. On the other hand, the conclusions drawn also reveal the limits of these arrangements when considering the ambiguity of the legal regimes that outline the creation and implementation of MPAs.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomies and the Construction of Communal Economies in Zapotec Villages in Oaxaca, Mexico","authors":"Salvador Aquino Centeno, Maríana Ortega-Breña","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241297919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241297919","url":null,"abstract":"San José, a Zapotec community in the Sierra Sur of Oaxaca, Mexico, has built certain autonomies over time while challenging the territorial policies designed by the Mexican state. This article goes beyond the focus on autonomies as jurisdictional rights recognized by the state and analyzes the de facto instances elaborated by communities to build economies as a support for self-determination. By strengthening its community organization, San José created a scheme of territorial possession to produce economies that enabled it to survive and challenge the Mexican state. It refused the government’s titling of its lands given this would subordinate the community’s interests to the territorial policies of the federal government. Instead, San José reconstructed colonial policies and institutions to appropriate its own territory and develop its own communal autonomy without relying on legal documentation from the Mexican state to endorse its rights to communal lands. The community created its own concepts of communal cultures by reconstructing mayordomías (civil-religious hierarchies), cofradías (religious brotherhoods), rancho culture, a municipal agency, ancestral memory, and the Zapotec language. On this basis they have built a communal autonomous model and maintain communal means of production such as labor and territory. San Jose’s experiences provide epistemologies and practices of how Indigenous communities can reduce inequalities in the centralizing contexts of neoliberal states that seek to eradicate Indigenous autonomies.San José, una comunidad zapoteca en la Sierra Sur de Oaxaca, México, ha construido autonomías a través del tiempo mientras ha desafiado las políticas territoriales diseñadas por el Estado mexicano. Mas allá de enfocar a las autonomías como derechos a una jurisdicción reconocida por el Estado, este artículo analiza las autonomías de facto que las comunidades elaboran para construir economías como sostén de la autodeterminación. A partir de fortalecer su organización comunitaria, San José creo un esquema de posesión territorial para producir economías que le permitieron sobrevivir y desafiar al Estado Mexicano en términos de no aceptar la titulación de sus tierras porque subordinaba los intereses de San José a las políticas territoriales del gobierno federal. San José reconstruyó las políticas e instituciones coloniales para apropiarse de su territorio y elaborar su propia autonomía comunitaria sin contar con documentación jurídica del Estado mexicano que avale sus tierras comunales. Creo sus propios conceptos de culturas comunales reconstruyendo las mayordomías, cofradías, la cultura de ranchos, la agencia municipal, la memoria ancestral y la lengua zapoteca para crear un modelo autonómico comunal y mantuvo los medios de producción comunales como el trabajo y el territorio. Las experiencias de San José aportan epistemologías y prácticas de cómo las comunidades indígenas pueden aminorar las desigualdades en contextos centralizado","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"47 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction: Authoritarian Populism and the Rural World: Insights from Latin America and the Caribbean","authors":"Daniela Andrade, Sergio Coronado","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241297952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241297952","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Independence and Emancipation: Latin American Theorizations on the Concept of Autonomy","authors":"Gustavo Moura de Oliveira, Massimo Modonesi","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241296816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241296816","url":null,"abstract":"From the 1990’s to the present, Latin America has been, as no other region in the world, a laboratory of autonomies —explicit or implicitly framed as such— situated in the cycle of anti-neoliberal struggles. Faced with this historical-political context, in this text we re-examine the conceptualization and theorizations around the idea of autonomy. Based on a review of the major Latin American conceptual contributions, we have organized our reflections along five lines of theorization: autonomy understood as negation, as independence, as counter-power (and as popular power), as emancipation and as community.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate Power vs. Popular Power in the Politics of Food in Venezuela","authors":"Ana Felicien, Christina M. Schiavoni, Liccia Romero","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241294228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241294228","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an inquiry into the politics of food in Venezuela, addressing the question: What do food politics tell us about broader forms, organizations, and relations of power in Venezuela today? By digging into the past, it sheds light on the challenges and opportunities at present, examining: a) The ways in which food, through its material and symbolic power, has served as a vehicle for processes of social differentiation along lines of race, class, and gender – processes which continue to evolve into the present; b) The interplay of global and national food politics and the ways in which these connect to and play out at the level of everyday life; and c) How the contours of the Venezuelan food system have been shaped by the pushes and pulls of state, society, and capital over time, in a delicate balance of forces characterized by both deep tensions and deep ties.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Devastation","authors":"Tamar Diana Wilson","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241266201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241266201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Indigenous Ecopolitics in Post-Peace Guatemala","authors":"Nicholas Copeland","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241294081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241294081","url":null,"abstract":"How do Indigenous and peasant political paradigms interact? This essay examines the relationship between Indigenous-ontopolitical critiques of development and peasant-oriented demands for alternative development in the Guatemalan defense of territory (DT), an Indigenous-led alliance against extractive development. Drawing on politically-engaged ethnographic and historical fieldwork, I argue that theories that counterpose indigenous ecological values of reciprocity and human-nature relationality to “development” oversimplify Indigenous responses to the multi-dimensional nature of colonization. I describe how Indigenous cosmological critiques coexist with demands for food sovereignty, agrarian struggles, integral development, and even progressive (redistributive) extraction in territorial defense movements. I suggest that the ascendance of post-development critiques in the DT crowds out heterogeneous demands for anticolonial development, limiting the movement’s potential to present a compelling alternative for marginalized communities. I point to a convergence between some kinds of Indigenous ontopolitics and counterinsurgency efforts to repress radical developmentalism and propose holding critiques of and demands for development in creative tension to strengthen counterhegemonic struggles.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pluriversal Autonomies Beyond Development: Towards an Intercultural, Decolonial and Ecological Buen Vivir as an Alternative to the 2030 Agenda in Abya Yala/Latin America","authors":"Jorge Garcia-Arias, Javier Cuestas-Caza","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241292327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241292327","url":null,"abstract":"This article employs Critical Development Studies to analyze the international political economy of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and address how the main elements that sustain and characterize it turn it into “another brick in the wall” of the hegemonic development paradigm (neoliberal, neo-developmentalist, neocolonial, privatized, inequitable, and environmentally predatory). It further analyzes how this 2030 Agenda contributed to the process of ‘enclosure of development’ in Abya Yala/Latin America (AY/LA). We then employ decolonial thought and pluriversal perspectives to contest this hegemonic vision and imagine an intercultural, decolonial and ecological buen vivir or “good living” (BV-IDE) as an autonomist alternative to the 2030A model for AY/LA, and address three contemporary experiences in Colombia, Ecuador, and Central America.En este trabajo, partiendo de una perspectiva de Estudios Críticos del Desarrollo y tras un análisis de economía política internacional crítica de la Agenda 2030 de Desarrollo Sostenible, mostramos cómo los ejes principales que la sostienen y atraviesan la convierten en ‘otro ladrillo en el muro’ del paradigma de desarrollo hegemónico (neoliberal, neodesarrollista, neocolonial, privatizado, inequitativo, y ecológicamente depredador), y cómo dicha Agenda 2030 ha contribuido al proceso de ‘cercamiento del desarrollo’, también en Abya Yala/América Latina (AY/AL).Como respuesta a esta visión hegemónica proponemos, desde los aportes del pensamiento decolonial y las perspectivas pluriversales, imaginar un buen vivir intercultural, decolonial y ecologista (BV-IDE) como alternativa autonomista al modelo de la 2030A para AY/AL, y presentamos tres experiencias contemporáneas, en Colombia, Ecuador y Centroamérica, conectadas con nuestra propuesta.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrastructure Megaprojects as World Erasers: Cultural Survival in the Context of the Tehuantepec Isthmus Interoceanic Corridor","authors":"Susanne Hofmann","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241294080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241294080","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the meanings of infrastructural changes resulting from the Corredor Interoceánico del Istmo de Tehuantepec (CIIT) infrastructure project for the cultural survival of Indigenous peoples resident in the Tehuantepec Isthmus region through the lens of ontological justice. Based on interviews with affected residents in the states of Oaxaca and Veracruz, this research finds a strong desire for cultural continuity, collective life projects, Indigenous languages, cultural identities, beliefs, spirituality, established political and legal systems, and a solidarity economy. Contemporary megacorridors function as circulatory infrastructures that shift the life-reproducing benefits from territories elsewhere, thereby effectively imposing integration and assimilation of Indigenous peoples, Afrodescendant and comunidades equiparables into the dominant modern/colonial extractivist one-world world, and provoking mundicide. This article provides an empirical case for the urgency of recreating an ontodiverse world order that can guarantee the futurity of other ways of world-making.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}