Latin American Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Book Review Celebrating the Life and Thought of Paulo Freire Salém VasconcelosJoanaMendesMaíra TavaresMussiDaniela2023 (eds). Paulo Freire e a educação popular: Esperançar em tempos de barbárie, São Paulo: Editora Elefante. 2023.Salém VasconcelosJoana, (ed). Inquérito Paulo Freire: A ditadura interroga o educador. São Paulo: Editora Elefante. 2024.","authors":"Ronald H. Chilcote, Donald Bray, Marjorie Bray, Frances Chilcote, Timothy Harding","doi":"10.1177/0094582x251381797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x251381797","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Multiple Amazon","authors":"Felipe Antunes de Oliveira, Claudia Horn, Fernando Rugitsky","doi":"10.1177/0094582x251380188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x251380188","url":null,"abstract":"What is the Amazon? At first sight, the question may seem inconsequential, or even silly. The Amazon is the largest rainforest in the world, home to millions of species, many of which are still to be catalogued. From a geographical perspective, however, the Amazon is more than the rainforest, encompassing a large region of South America in the basin of the Amazon River, and spanning across eight South American countries and France—the only European power that retains a direct colonial foothold in the region. The sheer size of the Amazon beggars belief. Without denying the immensity of the Amazon, we believe a better way to approach it is by emphasizing not vastness or pristine nature, but spectacular multiplicity. That is, we are interested in the internal variety of ways of life, state policies, and challenges in the region. With COP30 set to take place in Belém, a city in the Brazilian Amazon, the region is once again in the spotlight and the subject of exoticizing narratives. In this context, this special issue of Latin American Perspectives is the first in the journal to ever be entirely dedicated to the Amazon. It does not attempt to offer a totalizing or synthesizing view of the Amazon. Instead, the eleven original articles collected here, alongside a set of literary texts from Amazonian writers, embrace and showcase the multiplicity of approaches, styles, methodologies, imaginations, and narratives that can be built around the Amazon. The articles not only offer analysis of a range of themes, but also include empirical material on different parts of the region in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Words from the Earth: Writings from Pará, Brazil","authors":"Claudia Horn, José Viana, Juanielson Silva, Jéssica de Miranda Matos, Thiago Kazu, Thiago Batista","doi":"10.1177/0094582x251379047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x251379047","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we present a collection of texts and images by four Amazonian authors from the state of Pará, Brazil: Juanielson Silva, Jéssica de Miranda Matos, Thiago Kazu and Thiago Batista. Through their poetic approaches, we aim to share other ways of accessing the reality of Amazonia. We thus propose an alternative to the production of knowledge about the Amazon region, which has been dominated by conservation science from research centers abroad, be it in Florida, London, or other economic centers. International cooperation—including those responsible for the exploitation of land and life—adapts the discourse of “valuing the forest” through commodification and praise for the “guardians of the forest.” The exoticizing, fixated, and colonial gaze sometimes omits the multiplicity of local practices and languages, dynamics that make up sociocultural reproduction in the region. In this sense, through the texts, we seek to glimpse gaps in reality, fragments of space, time, and affections, where ways of life survive and are reworked, producing and constructing their own contemporaneity. Neste artigo apresentamos um conjunto de textos e imagens de cinco autores amazônicos paraenses, Juanielson Silva, Jéssica de Miranda Matos, Thiago Kazu e Thiago Batista. Propomos, assim, uma alternativa à produção de conhecimento sobre a região amazônica, que tem sido dominada pela ciência da conservação de centros de pesquisa alhures, seja na Flórida, em Londres e em outros centros econômicos. As cooperações internacionais – inclusive as responsáveis pela exploração da terra e da vida – adapta o discurso de “valorizar a floresta” por meio da mercantilização e elogiar os “guardiões da floresta”. O olhar exotizante, fixador e colonial omite, por vezes, a multiplicidade de práticas e linguagens locais, dinâmicas que compõem a reprodução sociocultural na região. Neste sentido, através dos textos queremos entrever brechas de realidades, fragmentos de espaço, tempo e afetos, onde modos de vida sobrevivem e se reelaboram, ao produzir e fabular a sua própria contemporaneidade.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awajún Women in the Shiringa Economy: Pathways to Sustainable Development in Peru’s Tuntanaín Communal Reserve","authors":"Deborah Delgado Pugley, Alithu Bazan Talavera, Alvaro M. Castro Mayo","doi":"10.1177/0094582x251379458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x251379458","url":null,"abstract":"Specialized literature suggests that non-timber forest products are fundamental for the bioeconomy and sustainable development in the Amazon, boosting local economies and reducing the environmental impacts of extractive economic activities. However, extant research has underestimated the role of a key actor in this process: Indigenous women. This paper examines gender relations in the shiringa value chain in the Tuntanaín Communal Reserve, Peru, identifying both the challenges and opportunities that might lead to a more equitable and sustainable participation of women in shiringa production. La literatura especializada sugiere que los productos forestales no maderables son fundamentales para la bioeconomía y el desarrollo sostenible en la Amazonía, al impulsar economías locales y reducir los impactos ambientales de actividades económicas extractivas. No obstante, las investigaciones existentes han subestimado el papel de un actor clave en este proceso: las mujeres indígenas. Este estudio analiza las relaciones de género en la cadena de valor de la shiringa en la Reserva Comunal Tuntanaín, Perú, con el objetivo de identificar los desafíos y las oportunidades para una participación más equitativa y sostenible de las mujeres en su producción.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"326 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Certification Process of the Palm Oil Supply Chain in the Brazilian Amazon: Human Rights and Environmental Violations","authors":"Nirvia Ravena, Pedro Pablo Cardoso Castro, Diego Mendonça, Shaozeng Zhang, Sarah Brasil","doi":"10.1177/0094582x251379062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x251379062","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effectiveness of Multistakeholder Initiatives (MSIs), specifically the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), in addressing human rights violations and environmental harm in the Brazilian Amazon. Findings reveal persistent issues, such as land dispossession and environmental degradation. Drawing from longitudinal qualitative research, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of legal cases and corporate reports, and remote sensing analysis, this paper exposes how RSPO certification functions more as a tool for greenwashing than a means to achieve meaningful corporate accountability. Corporate sustainability reports systematically omit key labor and environmental violations, while MSIs fail to enforce compliance, thereby reinforcing extractive industry practices. By situating these findings within theories of neoliberal governance, the paper argues that MSIs primarily serve corporate interests rather than protecting vulnerable communities or ecosystems. The study contributes to discussions on the limitations of voluntary certification and calls for community-led environmental monitoring as more effective regulation. Este estudo examina a eficácia das Iniciativas Multissetoriais (MSIs), especificamente a Mesa Redonda sobre Óleo de Palma Sustentável (RSPO), no enfrentamento de violações de direitos humanos e danos ambientais na Amazônia brasileira. Os resultados revelam problemas persistentes, como desapropriação de terras e degradação ambiental. Com base em pesquisa qualitativa longitudinal (2003 e 2017), Análise Crítica do Discurso (ADC) de casos jurídicos e relatórios corporativos e análise de sensoriamento remoto, este artigo expõe como a certificação RSPO funciona mais como uma ferramenta para greenwashing do que para responsabilização corporativa significativa. Relatórios de sustentabilidade corporativa omitem sistematicamente violações trabalhistas e ambientais importantes, enquanto as MSIs falham em garantir o cumprimento das normas, reforçando, assim, as práticas da indústria extrativa. Ao situar esses resultados em teorias de governança neoliberal, o artigo argumenta que as MSIs atendem principalmente aos interesses corporativos, em vez de proteger comunidades ou ecossistemas vulneráveis. O estudo contribui para as discussões sobre as limitações da certificação voluntária e defende o monitoramento ambiental liderado pela comunidade como uma regulamentação mais eficaz.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “‘The Forest is Burning, Call the Police!’ Challenges to Governing the Security-Development-Environment Nexus in the Amazon Basin”","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/0094582x251381729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x251381729","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Amazon Besieged: Tracing the Sources of Brazilian Authoritarian Ideals","authors":"Francisco J. D. Bidone, Antonio Pedro Melchior","doi":"10.1177/0094582x251374894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x251374894","url":null,"abstract":"President Bolsonaro’s administration enforced a blitzkrieg against society and nature which sought to undermine the country’s environmental framework, leading to massive increase in ecological degradation and social conflict. This study focuses on investigating the underlying elements which compose the Bolsonaro administration’s systemic, authoritarian setbacks for the Brazilian environmental policy regime. The study argues that actions from the Brazilian Federal government originated through an empowered retrofit of seminal, colonial imaginaries, framings, and ideas conceived about the Amazon, which have historically endured only to resurface through violent political rhetoric and measures. The relevance of this study rests on the identification—within Brazilian environmental politics—of incipient elements from the country’s authoritarian discourse and thinking. These elements have emerged in accordance with specific historical elements whose consequences continue to permeate Brazilian political history and fail to disrupt authoritarian strains. La administración del Presidente Bolsonaro impuso un blitzkrieg contra la sociedad y la naturaleza que buscaba minar el marco ambiental del país, lo que llevó al aumento masivo de la degradación ecológica y los conflictos sociales. Este estudio se centró en investigar los elementos subyacentes que componen los reveses sistémicos y autoritarios de la administración Bolsonaro para el régimen de política ambiental brasileño. El estudio argumenta que las acciones del gobierno federal brasileño se originaron a través de una readaptación empoderada de imaginarios, encuadres e ideas coloniales seminales concebidas sobre la Amazonía que se han generado a tiempo para resurgir a través de medidas y retóricas políticas violentas. La relevancia de este estudio radica en la identificación, dentro de la política ambiental brasileña, de elementos seminales del discurso y pensamiento autoritario del país. Estos elementos han emergido de acuerdo con elementos históricos específicos cuyas consecuencias continúan impregnando la historia política brasileña y no logran interrumpir las tensiones autoritarias.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decolonising Sumak Kawsay in Indigenous Film and Media: Translation and More-than-Human Archives in Eriberto Gualinga’s The Return (2021)","authors":"Maria Fernanda Miño Puga","doi":"10.1177/0094582x251377002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x251377002","url":null,"abstract":"Sumak Kawsay, Buen Vivir or Good Living is a concept derived from Andean Indigenous cosmologies, understood as living in harmony with one another and with nature. In the 21st century, a more drastic shift occurred when Pink Tide governments employed the term to redact their own national development plans. This article proposes two decolonial approaches to analyze Sumak Kawsay in Indigenous film and media: ‘Film as translation’, where adapting ancestral knowledges to moving images can imply a loss of meaning to the detriment of Indigenous communities; and ‘The Living Forest as archive’ where the non-human landscape of these territories represents a living repository of memory, in constant need of defending. These approaches are used to analyze Eriberto Gualinga’s film <jats:italic>The Return</jats:italic> (2021), with the Kichwa community of Sarayaku as its main case study. Sumak Kawsay, Buen Vivir o Good Living es un concepto derivado de las cosmologías indígenas andinas, entendido como la vida en armonía tanto entre los seres humanos como con la naturaleza. En el siglo XXI se produjo un viraje más drástico cuando los gobiernos de la Marea Rosada emplearon el término para redactar sus propios planes nacionales de desarrollo. Este artículo propone dos enfoques decoloniales para analizar el Sumak Kawsay en el cine y los medios indígenas: “el cine como traducción”, donde la adaptación de saberes ancestrales a las imágenes en movimiento puede implicar una pérdida de sentido en detrimento de las comunidades indígenas; y “la selva viviente como archivo”, en el cual el paisaje no humano de estos territorios constituye un repositorio viviente de la memoria, en constante necesidad de defensa. Estos enfoques se aplican al análisis de la película <jats:italic>The Return</jats:italic> (2021) de Eriberto Gualinga, teniendo como principal caso de estudio a la comunidad kichwa de Sarayaku.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thanks to Trump: His Actions have had a Boomerang Effect","authors":"Cliff Welch","doi":"10.1177/0094582x251370705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x251370705","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topographies of global-local connections in the Amazon: An analysis of networks of stakeholder participation in international environmental projects","authors":"Lucas de Oliveira Paes","doi":"10.1177/0094582x251371559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x251371559","url":null,"abstract":"Global governance has long been pushed to localize, incorporating local voices and knowledge to become both more equitable and effective. This has been particularly the case for global environmental governance, where polycentric modes of governance are found to help local actors acquire responsible stewardship and use resources sustainably. However, the selection of which local actors and knowledges will be incorporated in global governance is still dependent on major international development organizations and funding agencies. This article poses the following questions: Which types of actors are incorporated in the global governance of the Amazon and how do they participate therein? To that end, we analyze the network of stakeholders involved in development, execution, or governance of internationally funded projects in the Amazon. Analyzed projects which were part of a major multilateral initiative—the Global Environmental Facility—focusing on those whose main activities are in the Amazon Rainforest biome. The analysis sheds light on the hierarchies and patterns of exclusion in these networks, identifying which types of actors occupy central and peripheral position, and which others are underrepresented. This will expand our understanding of the politics of global local entanglements in the governance of the Amazon. A governança global há muito tempo vem buscando se localizar, incorporando vozes e conhecimentos locais para se tornar tanto mais equitativa quanto mais eficaz. Isso é especialmente verdadeiro no caso da governança ambiental global, onde modos policêntricos de governança têm se mostrado úteis para que atores locais adquiram responsabilidade sobre os recursos naturais e os utilizem de forma sustentável. No entanto, a escolha de quais atores e conhecimentos locais serão incorporados na governança global ainda depende das principais organizações internacionais de desenvolvimento e agências financiadoras. Este artigo propõe as seguintes perguntas: Quais tipos de atores são incorporados na governança global da Amazônia e como eles participam desse processo? Para isso, analisamos a rede de stakeholders envolvidos no desenvolvimento, execução ou governança de projetos financiados internacionalmente na Amazônia. Selecionamos projetos dentro do portfólio de uma importante iniciativa multilateral—o Fundo Global para o Meio Ambiente (Global Environmental Facility)—focando naqueles cujas principais atividades estão localizadas no bioma da Floresta Amazônica. A análise de redes buscará compreender as hierarquias e os padrões de exclusão nessas redes, identificando quais tipos de atores ocupam posições centrais e periféricas, e quais outros estão sub-representados. Isso ampliará nossa compreensão sobre a política dos entrelaçamentos globais e locais na governança da Amazônia.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}