Davesh Sharma, Mingjian Wu, Tae J. Kwon, Karim El-Basyouny
{"title":"Safety impacts of road weather information systems: A state-wide cost effectiveness case study","authors":"Davesh Sharma, Mingjian Wu, Tae J. Kwon, Karim El-Basyouny","doi":"10.1016/j.jtte.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtte.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Road weather information systems (RWIS) have long been favoured by many North American and European highway authorities as they provide real-time and near-future road condition information during the winter months. Information disseminated by individual RWIS stations is collectively used to efficiently mobilize winter road maintenance operations, promoting safe travel during adverse weather events. However, the high installation and operational costs of RWIS oblige transportation authorities to quantify their cost-effectiveness, particularly in improving traffic safety. Therefore, this study addresses the research question “has RWIS implementation led to a significant reduction in winter weather collisions, making roads safer for commuters?” by implementing one of the most widely adopted methods used in traffic safety studies, the before-and-after empirical Bayes approach. For the evaluation, geographic information science (GIS)-based techniques were used to prepare intensive datasets. Further, safety performance function and yearly calibration factors were locally calibrated using this large-scale spatial data, where network-based service area analysis using GIS played a crucial role in selecting treatment and reference sites. The case study results of seven stations in Iowa, U.S., showed inclement winter collision reduction ranging from 31.53% to 88.23%. This study further answered another research question, “is RWIS a cost-effective safety countermeasure?” by conducting a detailed economic analysis, which estimated benefit-cost ratios ranging from 7.51 to 34.16. The results indicate that RWIS is an economically viable safety countermeasure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering-English Edition","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 1132-1146"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148775743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gang Liu, Zhendong Qian, Leilei Chen, Xiangfei Zhang, Daoxie Chen
{"title":"Investigation on the contact stress distribution of innovative self-propelled saddle in long-span suspension bridge","authors":"Gang Liu, Zhendong Qian, Leilei Chen, Xiangfei Zhang, Daoxie Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jtte.2023.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtte.2023.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the large unbalanced cable forces in conventional saddle-pylon systems of long-span suspension bridges, a main-cable-force self-propelled system and an innovative self-propelled saddle equipped with a row of rollers are proposed. Compared with traditional anti-slip saddle structures, the proposed system converts sliding friction into rolling friction and enables the self-balancing transmission of horizontal cable forces. However, the introduction of rollers significantly changes the load-transfer mechanism and may result in severe local contact stress concentrations, which could affect the service life and operational performance of the saddle structure. In this study, the newly developed self-propelled saddle was taken as a representative engineering case. A three-dimensional finite element model was established to investigate the contact stress distribution characteristics and was further verified using Hertz contact theory. The contact stress states of the rollers, saddle base, and pylon top surface were analyzed in detail. The results show that the contact stress distribution is highly non-uniform along the axial direction. The side rollers experience significantly higher contact stresses than the middle rollers, while the maximum stresses are concentrated near the edge regions of the contact surfaces. The observed stress concentration is mainly attributed to the fan-shaped upper saddle geometry and the thickness and inclination of the reinforcing ribs. Based on the identified stress-transfer characteristics, optimization measures concerning structural configuration and material selection are proposed to improve stress distribution and reduce local stress concentration. The proposed analysis framework and optimization strategy provide useful guidance for the design, assessment, and practical application of innovative self-propelled saddle systems in future ultra-long-span suspension bridges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering-English Edition","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 1430-1443"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148775865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unsupervised pavement crack image classification by fusing improved AlexNet network and adaptive faster density peak clustering","authors":"Ju Huyan, Wei Li, Adnan Khan, Yingjie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jtte.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtte.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intelligently and efficiently classification of pavement cracks is a critical task for pavement management departments to make cost-effective repairing activities. However, most of the current methods, either manual or automated ones, have a certain dependence on human interventions. This fact significantly influenced the efficiency and the functionality of the automated systems in real applications. In this paper, an unsupervised deep learning-based solution for pavement crack classification was addressed, which fused the optimized AlexNet model and the adaptive faster peak density clustering (AFDPC) algorithm. Three aspects are considered in the optimization of the AlexNet model, which include the proposal of the adaptive learning rate, the introduction of the ReLU6_Swish activation function, and the employment of weight normalization. An AFPDC algorithm was optimized based on the realization of adaptive cutoff distance calculation and cluster center selection. The integrated pavement crack classification architecture is obtained by creating pseudo labels using the clustering results, which are used to train the optimized AlexNet. The fused unsupervised deep learning-based pavement crack classification model was trained on 3000 pavement crack images that include 850 transverse cracks, 845 longitudinal cracks, and 1305 alligator cracks. Meanwhile, another 1000 randomly selected crack images are used to test the performance of the model, which showed a mean average precision of 0.851. Moreover, the method was tested on four public image datasets of COCO, CUB, SUN, and AWA datasets, which were benchmarked against other advanced algorithms reported in recent research papers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering-English Edition","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 1147-1166"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148776215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luqing Liu, Penghui Wen, Huazhi Yuan, Yuanzhao Chen, Chaohui Wang
{"title":"Asphalt pavement heat insulation bonding layer material: Mechanical, bonding properties and heat preservation efficacy","authors":"Luqing Liu, Penghui Wen, Huazhi Yuan, Yuanzhao Chen, Chaohui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jtte.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtte.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the usage performance of asphalt pavement under extreme climate temperatures, the heat insulation performance of asphalt pavement bonding layer was endowed, and the mechanical properties, bonding performance, and durability of heat insulation bonding layer materials (HIBLM) were revealed. A method for evaluating the heat preservation effect was designed, and the heat preservation performance of HIBLM was compared and evaluated. The results show that compared with hollow glass beads (HGB)-HIBLM and expanded perlite (EP)-HIBLM, the mechanical properties of floating beads (FB)-HIBLM are outstanding, and the 7 d tensile strength can be increased by 6%–12%. The bonding strength of FB-HIBLM and EP-HIBLM is the best, which can increase by 23%–28% compared to HGB-HIBLM. After 30 d temperature change cycles or 15 d immersion in water, the mechanical and interlayer bonding properties of HGB-HIBLM, FB-HIBLM, and EP-HIBLM decrease less than those of ordinary emulsified asphalt (OEA), showing excellent durability. In the 100 min cooling test, the average cooling rate of the lower surface of the HIBLM decreased by 17%–18%. At 85–100 min, the maximum heat preservation temperature differences of HGB-HIBLM, FB-HIBLM, and EP-HIBLM are 4.8 °C, 4.7 °C and 4.7 °C, respectively, and the heat preservation values are 2.5 °C, 2.3 °C and 2.2 °C, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering-English Edition","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 1234-1248"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148775784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Moisture effects on asphalt pavement performance: A review of asphalt deterioration, damage mechanisms, and mitigation strategies","authors":"Zhen Fu, Qian Guo, Ke Shi, Feng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jtte.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtte.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under moisture exposure, asphalt road surfaces are susceptible to multiple deterioration mechanisms, which diminish their service performance and considerably reduce their service life. To address the existing issues such as the unclear understanding of the effects of moisture on the functional performance of asphalt pavements and the mechanisms governing their deterioration under actual construction conditions, this paper provides a comprehensive review focusing on the mechanisms of moisture-induced damage in asphalt pavements, the performance evolution of asphalt and asphalt mixtures under moisture exposure, the deterioration behavior of pavements under coupled environmental conditions, and corresponding prevention and mitigation strategies. Comprehensive analysis indicates that moisture induces the dissolution and migration of asphalt components, resulting in the reduction of adhesion between the binder and aggregate. Meanwhile, it accelerates physicochemical processes such as volatilization, oxidation, and sulfidation during the aging phase, thereby disrupting the equilibrium state of asphalt colloidal system and consequently impairing their rheological and viscoelastic properties. The prolonged exposure of asphalt mixtures to moisture results in more pronounced deterioration of elevated-temperature resistance. Both the low-temperature splitting strength and stiffness modulus decrease progressively with increasing moisture exposure duration, and higher water temperatures exacerbate performance degradation. Under long-term moisture conditioning, compressive strength, tensile strength ratio, the indirect tensile strength, failure stiffness modulus, and cohesion of asphalt mixtures all exhibit significant reductions. Moreover, moisture-induced deterioration intensifies the progression of fatigue cracking in aged asphalt, while synergistic interactions among diverse environmental stressors amplify bituminous composite characteristic degradation. Moisture-induced deterioration within bituminous roadways may be mitigated through material modification, optimized mixture design, structural enhancement of pavement systems, and the implementation of intelligent monitoring technologies. In the future, the focus will be on multi-scale characterization, coupled accelerated evaluation, and life-cycle modeling to enable more efficient and cost-effective full life-cycle management of asphalt pavements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering-English Edition","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 1267-1291"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148775746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interface behavior in asphalt-aggregate systems: Features, evaluation techniques, and failure transition inducing factors","authors":"Jianliang Zhai, Zhenjun Wang, Hao Lai, Xiaowei Zhou, Xu Xu, Haoyan Guo, Wei Deng, Rui Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.jtte.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtte.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The asphalt-aggregate interface is a critical yet vulnerable component controlling the durability and service performance of asphalt pavements. With the increasing use of modified asphalt, functional additives, recycled or artificial aggregates, and more severe environmental exposure, interfacial structure and failure behavior have become more complex. A clear understanding of cohesive failure within asphalt, adhesive failure at the asphalt-aggregate boundary, and their transition is therefore essential for explaining moisture-induced interfacial failure and developing reliable evaluation systems. This review systematically summarizes the multifaceted features of asphalt-aggregate interface behavior and classifies current characterization techniques from the perspectives of interfacial failure, thermodynamic energy, microphase behavior, and other physicochemical indicators. The principles, indicators, applicable failure types, advantages, and limitations of representative methods under dry and moisture-conditioned states are critically discussed across different observation scales and testing conditions. Particular attention is given to how asphalt-aggregate material characteristics and service environments drive transitions between cohesive and adhesive failure. The review indicates that future studies should further integrate different evaluation techniques and laboratory indicators to establish a laboratory evaluation system more closely correlated with field pavement failure patterns. Quantitative criteria for distinguishing cohesive and adhesive failure should also be refined to improve the reliability of interfacial behavior evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering-English Edition","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 1185-1216"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148776217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deflection and bending moment dynamic load allowance of runway bridges: Theoretical and numerical studies","authors":"Yuxin Xue, Wei Hou, Yongjun Zhou, Huichi Li, Chenkai Jiao, Liang Zhang, Yu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jtte.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtte.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Runway bridges offer a practical structural solution for airport construction in terrain-constrained areas. However, their dynamic behavior under aircraft landing loads remains insufficiently studied, and design-oriented theoretical guidance is lacking. This study presents a novel analytical-numerical model for quantifying the dynamic load allowance (DLA) in runway bridges subjected to aircraft landing. The aircraft is modeled as a spatial six-degree-of-freedom system comprising three mass-spring-damper units, accounting for both pitch and roll motions. The runway bridge is represented by a spatial multi-beam Timoshenko beam system, where lateral coupling between beams is considered to reflect the lateral distribution of the main landing gears. An analytical model is established to quantify the midspan deflection and bending moment DLAs of the central beam in response to aircraft landing, accounting for multi-stage gear contact and aircraft-bridge dynamic coupling. The finite element method is adopted to solve the coupled model, and model validation is performed using field-measured quick access recorder (QAR) data. Parametric analyses indicate that vertical landing velocity and roll angle are the most influential factors governing DLA. Increasing vertical velocity from 0.5 to 2.5 m/s resulted in more than 260% growth in deflection DLA for short-span bridges, while a surface roughness transition from grade C to D amplified DLA by up to 78%. Roll angle induced asymmetric loading, raising deflection DLA by as much as 320%, particularly in shorter spans. In contrast, pitch angle reduced structural response, with deflection DLA decreasing by up to 20%. Horizontal speed exhibited a moderate, span-dependent influence. Roll angle and landing velocity are the main factors affecting DLAs, while horizontal speed has a moderate influence and other factors have minor effects under typical landing conditions. These results highlight the critical role of aircraft dynamics and surface conditions in determining dynamic amplification and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model in capturing span-sensitive behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering-English Edition","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 1328-1347"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148775783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing reinforcement learning-based adaptive traffic signal control in emerging mixed traffic environments through CAV data: A simulation study considering driver behaviour","authors":"Chuanyun Fu, Zhaoyou Lu, Naikan Ding, Zhixing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jtte.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtte.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent scholarly discourse, it has been noted that connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) have offered substantial developmental potential and a variety of implementation possibilities for the refinement and advancement of adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC). However, as the market penetration rate of CAVs is still relatively low, it is essential to consider the use of existing, cost-effective detectors that can form an integral component of the ATSC system. Additionally, it is crucial to consider drivers' behaviours in the context of emerging mixed traffic environments in order to reflect the realities of traffic flow in simulations due to the distinction between human-driven vehicles and CAVs. To address these issues, an ATSC algorithm was proposed to optimize signal timing to improve safety and operational performance at isolated intersections. The proposed algorithm leveraged real-time <em>Q</em>-learning with loop detector and CAV data to obtain optimized green time, while a driven-behaviour model was introduced to describe human factors in mixed traffic environments. Numerical studies were conducted using simulation of urban mobility (SUMO) to evaluate algorithm performance and investigate the influence of different factors. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm has significant practical value in simultaneously improving safety with a demonstrated reduction in the conflict rate ranging from 28.6% to 72.7% and operational efficiency with a drop in the waiting time ranging from 12.6% to 61.4%, compared to traffic-actuated control. Moreover, it is low-cost and adaptable, and can be continuously updated with real-time driving data while also serving as a layer in next-generation high-definition maps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering-English Edition","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 1114-1131"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148775745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min Zhang, Yuhan Nie, Bo Wang, Chi Zhang, Yuming Zhou, Yijing Zhao
{"title":"Explore the lane change trajectory pattern driven by full-time domain trajectory data","authors":"Min Zhang, Yuhan Nie, Bo Wang, Chi Zhang, Yuming Zhou, Yijing Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jtte.2024.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtte.2024.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the increasing density and complexity of the highway network, a deep understanding of the characteristics of lane changing (LC) behavior is crucial for road refinement design. The emergence of full time domain trajectory big data provides unprecedented opportunities for in-depth research on highway safety geometry design. This article proposes a method framework for extracting LC trajectory patterns to explore the combination trajectory patterns during the LC process. This article achieves subdivision in driving mode detection by using the adaptive pruned exact linear time (APELT) algorithm to detect change points, taking into account the short sequence features of LC. In order to achieve the classification of segmented fragments, we report a clustering technique based on similarity matching (SM), which can effectively avoid the problem of excessive distortion in similarity measurement. The results indicate that APELT technology has certain advantages in <em>F</em><sub>1</sub> score and accuracy of LC pattern recognition, which is more in line with reality. The kappa score based on similarity matching is greater than 0.8, indicating high accuracy of pattern recognition. This study provides a novel data mining method for a comprehensive understanding of lane changing behavior under full time domain big data, which will provide reference for road design in complex scenes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering-English Edition","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 938-957"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148545719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reimagining road pavements: Visionary approaches to future functionality and design","authors":"Anand Sreeram, Damian Palin, Ramez Hajj, Xiong Xu, Haopeng Wang, Prabin Kumar Ashish, Yongping Hu, Ashray Saxena","doi":"10.1016/j.jtte.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtte.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review article presents a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of road pavements, focusing on the critical need to improve existing practices in response to modern transportation demands. With projections estimating the construction of over 25 million kilometres of new roads by 2050, there is increasing pressure to develop roadway infrastructure that is more resilient and sustainable. The article highlights the key challenges facing modern road pavements, including the growing demands from increased vehicular loads, the impacts of extreme weather events, and the urgent need to address environmental concerns. Advancements in road construction materials, including the use of alternative binders and recycled components are discussed in the context of promoting sustainability and supporting circular economy principles in design and construction. The integration of smart technologies, including sensors and pavement digital twins (PDTs) is also deliberated discussed in terms of its capacity to enhance infrastructure management through performance monitoring, predictive maintenance, and data-driven decision-making. Sustainable design practices that reduce carbon emissions and optimise material use are becoming increasingly important in pavement engineering. These innovations collectively point toward the development of future pavements capable of supporting emerging transportation systems while significantly improving the environmental performance of road networks. Lastly, this review also introduces emerging research areas that facilitate the incorporation of innovative technologies and nature-inspired solutions in pavement design and maintenance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering-English Edition","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 671-695"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148545652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}