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Marx's Concept of Life 马克思的生活观
IF 0.9 2区 哲学
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2025-09-28 DOI: 10.1111/ejop.70025
Christopher Shambaugh
{"title":"Marx's Concept of Life","authors":"Christopher Shambaugh","doi":"10.1111/ejop.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This essay aims to reveal the conceptual unity of an ensemble of concepts of organic, animal, and anthropological life articulated by the young Karl Marx between 1842 and 1844. To lay the groundwork for my analysis, I begin with Marx's general account of “life as activity.” I argue that Marx articulates a hylomorphic theory of organic form in 1842 and 1843, and a Left Hegelian conception of organismal agency as productive activity in 1844. I then interpret Marx's organismic conception of “productive life-activity” as the guiding thread of his scala naturae in the <i>Manuscripts</i>. More precisely, I examine how Marx distinguishes plant, animal, and human life through the organism's production of its life and the life of its species (<i>Gattung</i>). I then redefine Marx's concept of species-being as the unfulfilled power of an animal organism to self-consciously pursue its productive life-activity as its species-life. In making this argument for the unity of Marx's concept of life, I hope to clarify the Aristotelian and Left Hegelian roots of his materialism.</p>","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"34 1","pages":"163-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejop.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
History and the Will to Power: Foucault and Nietzsche on Genealogy 历史与权力意志:福柯与尼采的宗谱论
IF 0.9 2区 哲学
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1111/ejop.70010
Anthony Garruzzo
{"title":"History and the Will to Power: Foucault and Nietzsche on Genealogy","authors":"Anthony Garruzzo","doi":"10.1111/ejop.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent years, there has been a revival of interest in genealogy among social and political philosophers. I argue, however, that this growing literature has tended to obscure what distinguishes genealogy as an approach to the interpretation of history. Any normative evaluation of something that appeals to an account of its origins has come to be called a “genealogy,” even if this account is explicitly hypothetical or unabashedly teleological. But a genealogy, according to Friedrich Nietzsche and Michel Foucault, is not merely an account of origins: it is an account of the <i>contingent</i> origins of the <i>integration</i> of an institution, practice, or concept within a regime of <i>power</i> and <i>control</i>. In other words, genealogy investigates an institution, practice, or concept through the lens of what Nietzsche calls “the will to power.” This paper aims to reconstruct the conception of the will to power Foucault inherits from Nietzsche in a way that explains why investigations into struggles for power from the past can provide insight into the strategies used for exercising and maintaining power in the present. The critical contribution of genealogy, I argue, is not normative insight but <i>tactical knowledge</i>: to oppose something successfully, first you must <i>know your enemy</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"34 1","pages":"191-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Amphibian Habits: Freedom, Death, and History in Hegel's Account Of Second Nature 两栖动物的习性:黑格尔《第二本性》中的自由、死亡和历史
IF 0.9 2区 哲学
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1111/ejop.70039
Eskil Elling
{"title":"Amphibian Habits: Freedom, Death, and History in Hegel's Account Of Second Nature","authors":"Eskil Elling","doi":"10.1111/ejop.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hegel's concept of habit is key to his account of social freedom. But it also appears preclude free reflection on social norms. Recent readers have either minimized this problem or concluded from it that social freedom necessarily implies new forms of unfreedom. This paper aims to avoid the latter conclusion while taking seriously its critical insight. I do this by noting Hegel's association of habit with death, which he sees not as an abstract end to life but as the source of more complex forms of life. Modern social habits structure life in ways that are not transparent to the individual subject. That subject thus retreats into the moral idea that they are individually the source of the legitimacy of those norms. But this undermines their binding force, and without this force, subjects lose their habitual grounding in the world. They are thus tempted to reverse into an unreflective submission to social habits that I call spiritual death. But, I argue, construing the problem in this way also allows us to see its solution: before spiritual death ensues, our habitual relationship to norms is momentarily disrupted in a way that allows us to develop a new relationship to them.</p>","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"34 1","pages":"115-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejop.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Knowing Who We Are and What We Mean 知道我们是谁和我们的意思
IF 0.9 2区 哲学
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1111/ejop.70012
Sam W. A. Couldrick
{"title":"Knowing Who We Are and What We Mean","authors":"Sam W. A. Couldrick","doi":"10.1111/ejop.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Can philosophy's <i>a priori</i> methods deliver knowledge about how we make sense of the world? This challenge is historical, though it has its contemporary counterparts in the growing number of philosophers now practising ‘experimental philosophy’. An early iteration of this debate came about when Cavell was challenged by his colleagues to defend the methods of ordinary language philosophy. In recent articles, Hansen and Sandis have been explicit in their attempts to reconnect with Cavell and his interlocutors. Both think Cavell might have an answer for his critics but disagree over what that answer is. I argue that Cavell does indeed have an answer, but neither Sandis nor Hansen fully capture it. While Hansen suggests that Cavell's best defence of his methods is to focus his project on how we should make sense (not how we, in fact, do), I suggest it is the potential for conceptual divergence that is crucial to recognising why philosophy survives the empiricist critique. It is through the work of philosophy that we establish who ‘we’ are and how we make sense. I finish by showing how this conception of philosophy can explain a weakness in Williamson's argument from disagreement against the epistemological conception of analyticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"34 1","pages":"248-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kant on Utopia 康德论乌托邦
IF 0.9 2区 哲学
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1111/ejop.70044
Karoline Reinhardt
{"title":"Kant on Utopia","authors":"Karoline Reinhardt","doi":"10.1111/ejop.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Immanuel Kant's The Dispute between the Faculties (1798) contains a footnote referencing four utopian states — Atlantis, Utopia, Oceana, and Severambia. This passage has largely been overlooked in Kantian scholarship. This paper revisits this neglected passage to explore Kant's engagement with utopian literature and its implications for his philosophy of history and political thought. The footnote, though brief, sheds light on Kant's views regarding the feasibility of ideal states and their connection to revolutionary change. It reveals Kant's nuanced perspective on the role of utopian visions in shaping political ideals and the duties of individuals and governments in realizing such ideals. While Kant acknowledges these utopias as “sweet dreams,” he also questions their practicality and warns against revolutionary approaches to achieving them. This paper examines how Kant's references to these utopian constructs reflect his broader philosophical concerns about progress and reform, emphasizing that progress must occur through gradual, lawful reform rather than through revolutionary upheaval. By analyzing Kant's treatment of these literary fictions, the paper aims to illuminate his complex relationship with utopian thought and its place within his broader theoretical framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"34 1","pages":"66-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejop.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imaginative Synthesis and the Basic Function of the Second Part of Kant's Transcendental Deduction in B 想象综合与康德先验演绎第二部分的基本功能
IF 0.9 2区 哲学
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1111/ejop.70016
Michael Pendlebury
{"title":"Imaginative Synthesis and the Basic Function of the Second Part of Kant's Transcendental Deduction in B","authors":"Michael Pendlebury","doi":"10.1111/ejop.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most recent commentators on Kant's Transcendental Deduction assume that the main purpose of the second part of the B-Deduction (“BD2”) is to show that human intuitions must fall under categories for reasons connected with their spatio-temporal form. But there are good reasons to hold that the Deduction as a whole is concerned with pure categories, whose application to spatio-temporal objects is undetermined. If so, BD2 cannot establish a connection between the categories and the spatio-temporal order. I advance the alternative view that the basic function of BD2 is to explain in general terms why, abstracting from their specifically human forms, intuitions must fall under categories; and that Kant's explanation is that the forms of imaginative synthesis which yield the intuitions must correspond to the forms of intellectual synthesis involved in the functions of unity in judgement underlying the categories. This alternative interpretation accounts well for BD2's contribution to the Analytic, and an analysis of key passages shows that it can be used to make better sense of the core reasoning of BD2 than the standard assumption. Kant's remarks about space, time, and the spatio-temporal form of human intuition in BD2 serve heuristic purposes, and are not essential to this reasoning.</p>","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"34 1","pages":"33-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejop.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kant, Constitutivism, and the Shmagency Objection 康德、建构主义与紧急反对
IF 0.9 2区 哲学
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1111/ejop.70035
Vinicius Carvalho
{"title":"Kant, Constitutivism, and the Shmagency Objection","authors":"Vinicius Carvalho","doi":"10.1111/ejop.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many interpreters have recently defended constitutivist interpretations of Kant's moral theory, but they have largely overlooked the most prominent challenge to constitutivism: the shmagency objection. In this paper, I argue that Kant employs a form of constitutivism in the <i>Groundwork</i> not to vindicate the authority of morality to a sceptic, but rather with the aim of explaining how categorical imperatives can bind rational agents given the nature of practical reason. As such, his view is immune to the challenge posed by the shmagency objection. By distinguishing between normative and explanatory scepticism, this paper shows that the objection only threatens constitutivist views that address the former, thereby shedding light on a fundamental difference between Kant and contemporary constitutivists in terms of their metaethical ambitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"34 1","pages":"51-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejop.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Seeing Others as Objects: Perceptual Objectification & Affordances 视他人为对象:知觉客观化与启示
IF 0.9 2区 哲学
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1111/ejop.70027
Prof Paulina Sliwa, Dr Tom McClelland
{"title":"Seeing Others as Objects: Perceptual Objectification & Affordances","authors":"Prof Paulina Sliwa,&nbsp;Dr Tom McClelland","doi":"10.1111/ejop.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In discussions of objectification, the use of visual language is ubiquitous. It is striking that the literature often talks about <i>treating</i> and <i>seeing</i> someone as an object in the same breath. Yet accounts of objectification focus on objectifying <i>treatment</i> and leave the notion of objectifying <i>perception</i> unexplained. This prompts the question of our paper:</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>what does it mean to see someone as an object?</i> Our aim in this paper is to develop an affordance-based account of perceptual objectification. Put simply, affordances are the <i>possibilities for action</i> in an agent's environment. To perceptually objectify someone is a matter of perceiving the object-related affordances they present as opposed to their person-related affordances. We argue that this account explains the close connection between seeing and treating someone as an object.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"34 1","pages":"297-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejop.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hegel and Utopia 黑格尔与乌托邦
IF 0.9 2区 哲学
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1111/ejop.70046
David Leopold
{"title":"Hegel and Utopia","authors":"David Leopold","doi":"10.1111/ejop.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>G.W.F. Hegel is usually held to be anti-utopian in his political philosophy. I aim to challenge that standard reading, outlining and defending a more positive account of his relation to utopianism. The rational state described in Hegel's <i>Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts</i> (1820) is shown to fit an uncontroversial account of utopia without straining, and two standard reasons for resisting such a characterisation are shown to be based on misunderstandings of utopia and Hegel, respectively. In addition, I provide an alternative reading of the Preface – conventionally seen as the <i>locus classicus</i> of Hegel's anti-utopianism – showing that, rather than rejecting utopia as such (as usually thought), Hegel distinguishes two kinds of utopias, one of which he associates with Fries and rejects, and one of which he associates with Plato and endorses. This reading preserves textual consistency between the Preface and the rest of the volume; and helps explain Hegel's otherwise surprising suggestion that Plato's <i>Republic</i> exemplifies the approach that philosophy should take towards the world. Finally, I suggest a typology of the positive aims of Hegel's utopian project (including construction, criticism, clarification, and consolation), and identify the tradition of ‘realistic utopias’ that his work might be thought to belong to.</p>","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"34 1","pages":"133-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejop.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Knowing Who We Are and What We Mean 知道我们是谁和我们的意思
IF 0.9 2区 哲学
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1111/ejop.70012
Sam W. A. Couldrick
{"title":"Knowing Who We Are and What We Mean","authors":"Sam W. A. Couldrick","doi":"10.1111/ejop.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Can philosophy's <i>a priori</i> methods deliver knowledge about how we make sense of the world? This challenge is historical, though it has its contemporary counterparts in the growing number of philosophers now practising ‘experimental philosophy’. An early iteration of this debate came about when Cavell was challenged by his colleagues to defend the methods of ordinary language philosophy. In recent articles, Hansen and Sandis have been explicit in their attempts to reconnect with Cavell and his interlocutors. Both think Cavell might have an answer for his critics but disagree over what that answer is. I argue that Cavell does indeed have an answer, but neither Sandis nor Hansen fully capture it. While Hansen suggests that Cavell's best defence of his methods is to focus his project on how we should make sense (not how we, in fact, do), I suggest it is the potential for conceptual divergence that is crucial to recognising why philosophy survives the empiricist critique. It is through the work of philosophy that we establish who ‘we’ are and how we make sense. I finish by showing how this conception of philosophy can explain a weakness in Williamson's argument from disagreement against the epistemological conception of analyticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"34 1","pages":"248-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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