Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Self-administration of herbal treatment for periocular cutaneous leishmaniasis: A case report and systematic review.","authors":"Rawan N AlThaqib, Faisal A Altahan, Hamad M Alsulaiman, Diego Strianese, Azza Maktabi","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_243_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_243_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis worldwide, with an estimated annual incidence of 600.000-1 million. Periocular involvement is relatively rare and can be misdiagnosed in cases of atypical presentation. This systematic review comprehensively documents the anatomical distribution, associated ocular involvement, treatment, and outcomes of periocular CL. Databases from MEDLINE and Google Scholar were utilized, and 37 articles have been included over the span of 57 years (1965-2022), with a total of 5945 patients. Three hundred and two patients had periocular CL. Lower eyelid involvement was the most common area affected (39%), and the lateral canthus was rarely involved (6.4%). Conjunctivitis was the most common documented secondary ocular involvement (47.8%). Other serious complications were also noted (periocular ulceration, ankyloblepharon, and preseptal cellulitis). While rare, leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in some areas of the world. Leishmaniasis can be a diagnostic challenge due to the ability to clinically mimic many medical conditions, which can lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Physicians need to be watchful for the possibility of CL, especially if the patient presents with any unusual chronic lesions from endemic areas. In addition, we present the first reported case in the English literature of a medial canthal CL masquerading as basal cell carcinoma in an 82-year-old female and the sequela of using herbal treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"39 2","pages":"174-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12240283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inherited retinal diseases and gene therapy update.","authors":"Arif O Khan","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_295_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_295_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"37 4","pages":"261-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10752280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended depth of focus intraocular lens versus a new monofocal intraocular lens: A prospective comparative and interventional study.","authors":"Yogika Sihmar, Basant K Singh, Vinod K Singh, Santosh Kumar, Aparajita Chaudhary, Sanchita Saini","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_68_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_68_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the visual outcome findings between a new monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) (Tecnis Eyhance) and extended depth of focus (EDOF) IOL (Appasamy Supraphob Infocus).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective comparative interventional study evaluated 31 patients after implantation of Tecnis Eyhance (15 patients) and Supraphob EDOF IOL (16 patients). The uncorrected and corrected distance and intermediate and near visual acuity were measured at postoperative day 1, 1 week, 4 week, and 3 months. Contrast sensitivity, incidence of halos and glares, and patient satisfaction were assessed at 3 months postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Tecnis Eyhance (<i>n</i> = 15) and Supraphob EDOF (<i>n</i> = 16) group were comparable with respect to all preoperative parameters including biometry, visual acuity, and cataract status. The average age distribution of participants was 56 ± 6 years. Postoperatively, both groups had similar distance and intermediate vision, but the near vision was significantly better in the EDOF group (<i>P</i> < 0.01) as compared to Tecnis Eyhance at 3 months. The contrast sensitivity and patient satisfaction were similar in both the groups. The incidence of halos and glares was present in the EDOF group, but it was statistically insignificant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Tecnis Eyhance and Supraphob EDOF both were effective in improving distance and intermediate vision, but the near vision was significantly better in the EDOF group. Both the groups retained good contrast sensitivity and the majority of patients were satisfied.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"37 4","pages":"331-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10752279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene therapy in bestrophinopathies: Insights from preclinical studies in preparation for clinical trials.","authors":"Alessia Amato, Nida Wongchaisuwat, Andrew Lamborn, Ryan Schmidt, Lesley Everett, Paul Yang, Mark E Pennesi","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_175_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_175_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>BEST1</i> gene encodes bestrophin-1, a homopentameric ion channel expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), where it localizes to the basolateral plasma membrane. Pathogenic variants in this gene can cause different autosomal dominant and recessive inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), collectively named \"bestrophinopathies.\" These disorders share a number of clinical and molecular features that make them an appealing target for gene therapy. Clinically, bestrophinopathies are often slowly progressive with a wide window of opportunity, and the presence of subretinal material (vitelliform deposits and/or fluid) as a hallmark of these conditions provides an easily quantifiable endpoint in view of future clinical trials. From a molecular standpoint, most <i>BEST1</i> pathogenic variants have been shown to cause either loss of function (LOF) of the protein or a dominant-negative (DN) effect, with a smaller subset causing a toxic gain of function (GOF). Both LOF and DN mutations may be amenable to gene augmentation alone. On the other hand, individuals harboring GOF variants would require a combination of gene silencing and gene augmentation, which has been shown to be effective in RPE cells derived from patients with Best disease. In this article, we review the current knowledge of <i>BEST1</i>-related IRDs and we discuss how their molecular and clinical features are being used to design novel and promising therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"37 4","pages":"287-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10752275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A visually guided swim assay for mouse models of human retinal disease recapitulates the multi-luminance mobility test in humans.","authors":"Salma Hassan, Ying Hsu, Sara K Mayer, Jacintha Thomas, Aishwarya Kothapalli, Megan Helms, Sheila A Baker, Joseph G Laird, Sajag Bhattarai, Arlene V Drack","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_155_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_155_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to develop a visually guided swim assay (VGSA) for measuring vision in mouse retinal disease models comparable to the multi-luminance mobility test (MLMT) utilized in human clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three mouse retinal disease models were studied: Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 1 (<i>Bbs1^M390R/M390R</i>), <i>n</i> = 5; Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 10 (<i>Bbs10^-/-</i>), <i>n</i> = 11; and X linked retinoschisis (retinoschisin knockout; <i>Rs1-</i>KO), <i>n</i> = 5. Controls were normally-sighted mice, <i>n</i> = 10. Eyeless <i>Pax6^Sey-Dey</i> mice, n = 4, were used to determine the performance of animals without vision in VGSA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eyeless <i>Pax6^Sey-Dey</i> mice had a VGSA time-to-platform (TTP) 7X longer than normally-sighted controls (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). Controls demonstrated no difference in their TTP in both lighting conditions; the same was true for <i>Pax6^Sey-Dey</i>. At 4-6 M, <i>Rs1-</i>KO and <i>Bbs10^-/-</i> had longer TTP in the dark than controls (<i>P</i> = 0.0156 and <i>P</i> = 1.23 × 10^-8, respectively). At 9-11 M, both BBS models had longer TTP than controls in light and dark with times similar to <i>Pax6^Sey-Dey</i> (<i>P</i> < 0.0001), demonstrating progressive vision loss in BBS models, but not in controls nor in <i>Rs1-</i>KO. At 1 M, <i>Bbs10^-/-</i> ERG light-adapted (cone) amplitudes were nonrecordable, resulting in a floor effect. VGSA did not reach a floor until 9-11 M. ERG combined rod/cone b-wave amplitudes were nonrecordable in all three mutant groups at 9-11 M, but VGSA still showed differences in visual function. ERG values correlate non-linearly with VGSA, and VGSA measured the continual decline of vision.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ERG is no longer a useful endpoint once the nonrecordable level is reached. VGSA differentiates between different levels of vision, different ages, and different disease models even after ERG is nonrecordable, similar to the MLMT in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"37 4","pages":"313-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10752274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monoclonal antibody therapies for aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin G-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.","authors":"Nanthaya Tisavipat, Hui Y Juan, John J Chen","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_102_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_102_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monoclonal antibody therapies mark the new era of targeted treatment for relapse prevention in aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-immunoglobulin G (IgG)-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG+NMOSD). For over a decade, rituximab, an anti-CD20 B-cell-depleting agent, had been the most effectiveness treatment for AQP4-IgG+NMOSD. Tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin-6 receptor, was also observed to be effective. In 2019, several randomized, placebo-controlled trials were completed that demonstrated the remarkable efficacy of eculizumab (anti-C5 complement inhibitor), inebilizumab (anti-CD19 B-cell-depleting agent), and satralizumab (anti-interleukin-6 receptor), leading to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of specific treatments for AQP4-IgG+NMOSD for the first time. Most recently, ravulizumab (anti-C5 complement inhibitor) was also shown to be highly efficacious in an open-label, external-controlled trial. Although only some patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) warrant immunotherapy, there is currently no FDA-approved treatment for relapse prevention in MOGAD. Observational studies showed that tocilizumab was associated with a decrease in relapses, whereas rituximab seemed to have less robust effectiveness in MOGAD compared to AQP4-IgG+NMOSD. Herein, we review the evidence on the efficacy and safety of each monoclonal antibody therapy used in AQP4-IgG+NMOSD and MOGAD, including special considerations in children and women of childbearing potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 1","pages":"2-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11017007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator-related retinopathy and gene therapy.","authors":"Nida Wongchaisuwat, Alessia Amato, Andrew E Lamborn, Paul Yang, Lesley Everett, Mark E Pennesi","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_168_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_168_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator <i>(RPGR)</i>-related retinopathy is a retinal dystrophy inherited in a X-linked recessive manner that typically causes progressive visual loss starting in childhood with severe visual impairment by the fourth decade of life. It manifests as an early onset and severe form of retinitis pigmentosa. There are currently no effective treatments for <i>RPGR</i>-related retinopathy; however, there are multiple clinical trials in progress exploring gene augmentation therapy aimed at slowing down or halting the progression of disease and possibly restoring visual function. This review focuses on the molecular biology, clinical manifestations, and the recent progress of gene therapy clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"37 4","pages":"276-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10752277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presumed uremic optic neuropathy in a patient with Senior-Loken syndrome.","authors":"Arif O Khan","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_140_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_140_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A patient who had been diagnosed with infantile retinal dystrophy developed renal failure in his twenties, at which time the diagnosis was revised to Senior-Loken syndrome. He was poorly compliant. At 36 years old, he experienced a sudden drop in visual acuity in the setting of cramping and fatigue and was found to be in uremic crisis. Six months after the event and its treatment, his vision failed to improved. Optic nerve pallor was out of proportion to the retinal dystrophy, and the presumed reason for his new visual loss was uremic optic neuropathy. The patient's younger sister also had been diagnosed with infantile retinal dystrophy, and metabolic screening confirmed subclinical renal dysfunction that was to be carefully followed going forward. Infantile retinal dystrophy can be associated with later systemic disease. Early detection of such disease can potentially decrease morbidity. Patients with retinal dystrophy can develop new visual loss from causes other than the retinopathy itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"37 4","pages":"310-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10752282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual parameter status as a predictive factor for the outcomes of occlusion therapy in anisometropic amblyopia.","authors":"Subashree Palani, Sathiskumar Rangasami, Antony A Baskaran","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_105_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_105_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose is to compare visual parameters between normal and amblyopic eyes in anisometropic amblyopia and to find predictive factors for occlusion therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty patients with anisometropic amblyopia between the ages of 5 and 25 years were enrolled in the prospective, longitudinal, and interventional study. Patients were selected based on no improvement with spectacle correction alone after 1 month of follow-up. Baseline parameters such as LogMAR visual acuity, LEA contrast sensitivity, TNO stereopsis test, online Farnsworth D-15 test for color vision, accommodation with RAF ruler, +2.00/-2.00 flipper test, and dynamic retinoscopy were recorded. All patients were treated with occlusion therapy depending on their grades of amblyopia. After 6 months of follow-up, improvement in visual acuity was recorded with a LogMAR chart and correlated with initial visual parameters. Paired \"t\" test, Chi-square test, independent \"t\" test, analysis of variance test were used as statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Visual functions such as contrast sensitivity, accommodative facility, near point of accommodation, and accommodative amplitude showed a statistically significant difference between normal and amblyopic eyes of anisometropic amblyopia patients, whereas color vision did not differ significantly between normal and amblyopic eyes. Sixty-seven percentage of patients had poor stereopsis. Eighty percentage of patients who were younger had improvement in final best-corrected visual acuity and these patients had better stereopsis, contrast sensitivity, and mild-to-moderate amblyopia on initial testing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The age of the patient, degree of anisometropia, spherical equivalent in amblyopic eyes, stereopsis, contrast sensitivity values at initial presentation, and compliance to occlusion therapy were found to be positive predictive factors of occlusion therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 3","pages":"286-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental experience with an ocular genetic counseling services in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Areej Alizary, Khabir Ahmad, Amani Al Bakri","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_154_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_154_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study reports parental attitudes towards preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and their satisfaction with genetic counseling services offered by a territory eye care hospital in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study of 30 parents (either father or mother) of children affected by recessive genetic ocular disorders. Their basic knowledge of recessive genetic disorders, attitude toward PGD, and satisfaction with counseling services were assessed using structured telephonic interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty percent of the participants understood the concept of recessive inheritance patterns and the effect of consanguineous marriages on raising the likelihood of giving birth to a child with genetic disorders. Forty-seven percent of parents understood the risk of having an affected future offspring. Sixty-seven percent of them mentioned that they would consider using preventive measures when conceiving next time. Seventy-three percent of participants stated that they would share the genetic test results with family members. Ninety percent of the parents were satisfied with the genetic counselor's ability to listen to them and the way the counselor explained the genetic information. There was a statistically significant association between parental willingness to share genetic test results with relatives and being given the opportunity to share information with their genetic counselor (<i>P</i> = 0.01). There was no association between the parental's knowledge and their willingness to consider using preventative measures in the next pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most parents had a basic understanding of recessive disease. However, they often struggled to comprehend the science and mathematical probabilities determining the recurrence risk in future pregnancies. This complexity makes it difficult for them to recall the information. Attitude toward PGD did not seem to be related with parent knowledge. A significant proportion of the parents expressed willingness to share their genetic test results with relatives, but some were hesitant due to fears of stigma. Most parents were satisfied with genetic counseling services.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"37 4","pages":"296-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10752285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}