Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Pediatric keratoconus in a tertiary eye hospital in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia: Patient characteristics and management outcomes.","authors":"Asma Alhazmi, Abdulaziz Alsomali, Saad Algarni, Arwa Althumairi","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_169_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_169_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates pediatric keratoconus in a tertiary eye hospital in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, aiming to understand the presenting features and treatment outcomes in this high-prevalence region. The research addresses pediatric keratoconus clinical profile and management strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2022 to 2023, reviewing medical records of pediatric keratoconus patients. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, risk factors, presenting symptoms, and treatment outcomes were recorded. Severity staging was performed based on Amsler-Krumeich's classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 218 eyes from 109 pediatric keratoconus patients, with 65% of male and 35% of female patients. Decreased vision was the most common symptom (92%), and risk factors included a family history of keratoconus (9%) and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (6%). Stage 1 was the most frequent in both age groups (<14 years and ≥ 14 years). Treatment strategies included corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL), hard contact lenses, corneal rings, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DLK), and penetrating keratoplasty. Significant improvements were observed in visual acuity, refractive errors, and tomographic parameters following these interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides valuable insights into pediatric keratoconus in Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and interventions for better outcomes. Larger, multicenter prospective studies are essential for a comprehensive understanding of pediatric keratoconus and its optimal management. The findings contribute to the knowledge base and guide future research to improve patient quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 3","pages":"261-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Violet light transmission through eyeglasses and its effects on myopic children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Saif Ullah, Muhammad F Umer, Suriyakala P Chandran","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_146_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_146_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Myopia is a refractive error that impairs visual function and leads to visual blurring. This study aims to investigate the effect of violet light (VL) on controlling myopia, specifically in terms of axial length (AL), spherical equivalent refraction (SER), and visual acuity (VA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted to compare VL and single-vision spectacles (SVSs) for treating childhood myopia. The search terms used were \"Myopia\" and \"Violet Light.\" Extensive searches were carried out in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. The mean differences were evaluated. The effects of the therapy were examined. Publication bias was assessed with a funnel plot and further investigated through sensitivity analysis. Meta-analysis was performed using Bayesian statistics with Jeffery's Amazing Statistical Package.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis included 126 myopic children: 64 in the VL group and 62 in the SVS group. The pooled effect size for AL shortening was evaluated as 0.659 ± 0.184, with a 95% credible interval of 0.299-1.023. The pooled effect size for SER decrease was estimated as 0.669 ± 0.188, with a 95% credible interval of 0.303-1.036. Likewise, for VA in Log-MAR, after intervention (VL and SVS), the values were 0.082 ± 0.171 with a credible interval of 0.262-0.423. Publication bias was assessed with a funnel plot, which revealed no bias. Impact sizes for the fixed effect model were determined due to the similarity in study population, geography, type of intervention, and study design.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VL transmission glasses play a significant role in controlling myopia among children, resulting in axial shortening, reduction of SER, and improvement in VA. However, further investigation is required to examine the long-term rebound effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 3","pages":"235-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric myopia control: Old challenges and new players.","authors":"Ahmed Kassem","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_245_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_245_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 3","pages":"193-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and mean platelet volume levels in pediatric keratoconus patients.","authors":"Müge Toprak, Özgül Altıntaş, Özge Y Sezer, Büşra Yılmaz Tuğan","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_170_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_170_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the level of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in the pediatric patient group with keratoconus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients aged 5-18 years with a diagnosis of keratoconus followed by the corneal department and children in the similar age group who were determined as controls were included in the study. Their topographies were evaluated. In both groups, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study group consisted of children aged 15 ± 1.4 years and the control group 13 ± 1.3 years of age. The mean central corneal thickness of the patients in the patient group was 445.64 μm, and in the control group was 532.25 μm. The NLR was 3.37 ± 1.04 in the patient group and 2.31 ± 0.82 in the control group. The PLR was significantly increased in the KC group (147.54 ± 41.36) than in the control group (118.71 ± 27.11) (<i>P</i> = 0.042). MPV in the patient group was 12.18 ± 2.76 and 7.00 ± 1.37 in the control group. This value was found to be statistically significant (<i>P</i> = 0.047) when the control group and the patient group were compared.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Platelet/lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume, which are thought to be new markers of systemic inflammation, may be new indices in keratoconus in pediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 3","pages":"257-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular findings in the evaluation of abusive head trauma in children.","authors":"Sarah K Alswayed, Sarah S Aldharman, Jumanah S Alraddadi, Maha Almuneef, Omar Aldibasi, Shatha Alfreihi","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_313_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_313_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a form of child physical abuse that can result in major ocular injuries. This study describes the clinical presentation and ocular manifestations of infants diagnosed with AHT in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study from 2015 to 2022 conducted at King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital (KASCH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Inclusion criteria include infants <2 years of age, diagnosed with AHT that had an eye examination as part of the evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 25 (50 eyes) cases of AHT had an eye examination documented in the electronic patients' records. The majority were males 19 (76%), and <6 months of age 10 (40%). About half of the children were healthy 13 (52%), and 12 (48%) had underlying physical illness. All patients had computed tomography scans. Subdural bleeding was noted in 22 (88%), 1 (4%) had epidural, and 4 (16%) had subarachnoid bleed. External ocular signs were noted in 8 (32%) patients only, including raccoon eyes, periorbital bruises, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and nonfixating eyes. Fundus findings were bilateral in 18 (72%), unilateral in 2 (8%), and normal in 5 (20%). In those with findings, the majority of 34 (68%) eyes had multiple retinal hemorrhages, 4 (8%) had vitreous hemorrhages, 2 (4%) retinal detachments, and 1 (2%) retinoschisis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fundus examination is an important part of the comprehensive examination of children with suspected AHT; the majority of patients had an abnormal fundus examination with the tendency of bilateral findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 3","pages":"280-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the effect of 2 mL versus 3 mL sub-Tenon xylocaine injection on akinesia and analgesia in cataract patients at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.","authors":"Tota-Bolarinwa T Biola, Adepoju F Grace, Ademola-Popoola S Dupe","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_275_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_275_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Sub-Tenon anesthesia is a form of local anesthetic techniques used in ophthalmic procedures, especially in cataract surgery. Few studies in our environment have reported the effects of sub-Tenon anesthesia on akinesia and analgesia as well as optimum volumes of anesthetic agents that are required for effective analgesia and akinesia. The objective of this study is to determine and compare the level of analgesia and akinesia and the effect of ocular compressions after sub-Tenon injection of 2 mL versus 3 mL of xylocaine among patients booked for cataract surgery in the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional comparative study among cataract patients booked for surgery in the Department of Ophthalmology at UITH was carried out from March 2017 to August 2017. A total of 200 cataract patients that met the inclusion criteria were recruited into the study over 6 months. Lists of cataract patients booked for surgery formed the sampling frame. Questionnaires were administered to obtain information on sociodemographic, ocular symptoms, and other histories. Visual acuity was checked, and ocular examination was done with a pen-torch, ophthalmoscope, and slit-lamp examination with 78D. Tonometry and optic nerve assessments were done to exclude any patient with preexisting glaucoma or suspicious disc. About 200 patients were randomly allocated into one of two volume groups (Group 1 had 2 mL sub-Tenon xylocaine injection whereas Group 2 had 3 mL); level of analgesia and akinesia was checked 12 min and 15 min, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The age range was 20-107 years; mean age for Group 1 was 63.8 ± 12.64, whereas the mean age of Group 2 was 64.14 ± 14.14. There was a slight female preponderance given a M:f of 1:1.4 and more than half of the patients presented with right eye (RE) cataract. Levels of analgesia 12 min after sub-Tenon injections in both groups were similar. However, two patients were found to have severe pain in Group 1, and no patients had severe pain in Group 2. The level of akinesia which was assessed 15 min after injection in both groups was found to be significantly better in Group 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a slight female preponderance with about two-third of the total patients being female and the percentage of females who had no pain was more than the male, more than 50% of the patients had RE cataracts. Sub-Tenon anesthesia whether with 2 mL or 3 mL led to a statistically significant rise in intraorbital pressure (IOP); however, with ocular compression, the IOP was found to decrease below the preinjection pressure in both groups. Levels of analgesia were similar in the two groups, whereas akinesia was statistically better in the group that had 3 mL injection.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 2","pages":"179-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11232744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on imaging the peripheral retina.","authors":"Paulo E Stanga","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_126_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_126_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 2","pages":"99-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11232740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors reply about the race of the study population.","authors":"Alicia Muñoz-Gallego","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_101_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_101_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 3","pages":"292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optic disc morphology and interocular symmetry in children.","authors":"Mahmood D Al-Mendalawi","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_88_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_88_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 3","pages":"291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disease processes and terminology cannot be determined by opinion polls but have to be based on objective facts: The \"white dots\" case.","authors":"Carl P Herbort, Abdulrahman F Albloushi, Ioannis Papasavvas, Yoshihiko Usui, Masaru Takeuchi, Vania Lages, Marina Papadia, Alessandro Mantovani","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_67_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_67_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 1","pages":"92-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11017002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}