Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Violet light transmission through eyeglasses and its effects on myopic children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Saif Ullah, Muhammad F Umer, Suriyakala P Chandran","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_146_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_146_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Myopia is a refractive error that impairs visual function and leads to visual blurring. This study aims to investigate the effect of violet light (VL) on controlling myopia, specifically in terms of axial length (AL), spherical equivalent refraction (SER), and visual acuity (VA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted to compare VL and single-vision spectacles (SVSs) for treating childhood myopia. The search terms used were \"Myopia\" and \"Violet Light.\" Extensive searches were carried out in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. The mean differences were evaluated. The effects of the therapy were examined. Publication bias was assessed with a funnel plot and further investigated through sensitivity analysis. Meta-analysis was performed using Bayesian statistics with Jeffery's Amazing Statistical Package.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis included 126 myopic children: 64 in the VL group and 62 in the SVS group. The pooled effect size for AL shortening was evaluated as 0.659 ± 0.184, with a 95% credible interval of 0.299-1.023. The pooled effect size for SER decrease was estimated as 0.669 ± 0.188, with a 95% credible interval of 0.303-1.036. Likewise, for VA in Log-MAR, after intervention (VL and SVS), the values were 0.082 ± 0.171 with a credible interval of 0.262-0.423. Publication bias was assessed with a funnel plot, which revealed no bias. Impact sizes for the fixed effect model were determined due to the similarity in study population, geography, type of intervention, and study design.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VL transmission glasses play a significant role in controlling myopia among children, resulting in axial shortening, reduction of SER, and improvement in VA. However, further investigation is required to examine the long-term rebound effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 3","pages":"235-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric myopia control: Old challenges and new players.","authors":"Ahmed Kassem","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_245_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_245_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 3","pages":"193-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and mean platelet volume levels in pediatric keratoconus patients.","authors":"Müge Toprak, Özgül Altıntaş, Özge Y Sezer, Büşra Yılmaz Tuğan","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_170_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_170_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the level of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in the pediatric patient group with keratoconus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients aged 5-18 years with a diagnosis of keratoconus followed by the corneal department and children in the similar age group who were determined as controls were included in the study. Their topographies were evaluated. In both groups, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study group consisted of children aged 15 ± 1.4 years and the control group 13 ± 1.3 years of age. The mean central corneal thickness of the patients in the patient group was 445.64 μm, and in the control group was 532.25 μm. The NLR was 3.37 ± 1.04 in the patient group and 2.31 ± 0.82 in the control group. The PLR was significantly increased in the KC group (147.54 ± 41.36) than in the control group (118.71 ± 27.11) (<i>P</i> = 0.042). MPV in the patient group was 12.18 ± 2.76 and 7.00 ± 1.37 in the control group. This value was found to be statistically significant (<i>P</i> = 0.047) when the control group and the patient group were compared.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Platelet/lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume, which are thought to be new markers of systemic inflammation, may be new indices in keratoconus in pediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 3","pages":"257-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous filtering bleb: A case report.","authors":"Afonso Lima-Cabrita, Rui N Ferreira, Filomena Pinto, Luís A Pinto","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_133_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_133_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 72-year-old patient presented with decreased visual acuity and ocular discomfort. The patient had not undergone previous ocular surgery or had a history of ocular trauma. Physical examination revealed decreased intraocular pressure (IOP) (9 mmHg), a subconjunctival filtering bleb, and hypotonic maculopathy. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed a fistula between the anterior chamber and the subconjunctival space at Schwalbe's line. The patient presented no findings suggestive of systemic disease or dysmorphic facial features. Surgical closure of the fistula was attempted using multiple transconjunctival 10-0 nylon sutures and staining using trypan blue 0.06%. Although the fistula was not sealed, the bleb became flatter, IOP increased (18 mmHg), and hypotonic maculopathy resolved. Spontaneous formation of subconjunctival filtering blebs is exceedingly rare; most reported cases are associated with concomitant systemic or local disease. Our novel surgical approach successfully treated the hypotony and revealed that intraoperative use of trypan blue 0.06% in phakic patients causes temporary capsular staining.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 4","pages":"401-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular findings in the evaluation of abusive head trauma in children.","authors":"Sarah K Alswayed, Sarah S Aldharman, Jumanah S Alraddadi, Maha Almuneef, Omar Aldibasi, Shatha Alfreihi","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_313_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_313_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a form of child physical abuse that can result in major ocular injuries. This study describes the clinical presentation and ocular manifestations of infants diagnosed with AHT in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study from 2015 to 2022 conducted at King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital (KASCH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Inclusion criteria include infants <2 years of age, diagnosed with AHT that had an eye examination as part of the evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 25 (50 eyes) cases of AHT had an eye examination documented in the electronic patients' records. The majority were males 19 (76%), and <6 months of age 10 (40%). About half of the children were healthy 13 (52%), and 12 (48%) had underlying physical illness. All patients had computed tomography scans. Subdural bleeding was noted in 22 (88%), 1 (4%) had epidural, and 4 (16%) had subarachnoid bleed. External ocular signs were noted in 8 (32%) patients only, including raccoon eyes, periorbital bruises, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and nonfixating eyes. Fundus findings were bilateral in 18 (72%), unilateral in 2 (8%), and normal in 5 (20%). In those with findings, the majority of 34 (68%) eyes had multiple retinal hemorrhages, 4 (8%) had vitreous hemorrhages, 2 (4%) retinal detachments, and 1 (2%) retinoschisis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fundus examination is an important part of the comprehensive examination of children with suspected AHT; the majority of patients had an abnormal fundus examination with the tendency of bilateral findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 3","pages":"280-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of inner limiting membrane peeling on visual fields: Unravelling a source of bias in glaucoma management.","authors":"Meryem Nurkan, Jan V Eijgen, Ivo De Clerck, Ingeborg Stalmans, João Barbosa-Breda","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_156_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_156_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with inner limiting membrane (ILM) peeling aims to improve visual function. Previous studies have focused on visual acuity, often neglecting visual field (VF) changes. This systematic review examines VF changes after PPV with ILM peeling in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) or macular hole (MH), including those with glaucoma, who have preexisting VF damage, to identify potential biases in glaucoma management. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (A) Patients undergoing ILM peeling for ERM or MH and (B) VF outcomes assessed through standard automated perimetry (SAP) or Goldmann kinetic perimetry. Exclusions were non-English studies and those with fewer than 30 subjects. Data included retinal disease, demographics, VF outcomes (mean deviation [MD], pattern standard deviation, and central VF sensitivity [CVFS]), study design, and use of stains. Out of 612 studies, 23 met our criteria. Of these, four included glaucoma patients and seven involved concomitant phacoemulsification. In glaucoma patients, two studies showed MD improvement in the central 24°, while one showed deterioration in the central 10°, linked to worse preoperative MD and older age. Among studies without glaucoma patients, three of eight using SAP reported increased VF defects (VFDs); two showed lower outer nasal CVFS postoperatively. Indocyanine green staining was linked to higher VFD incidence while triamcinolone acetonide or tryptane blue staining led to no significant VFDs. The nasal half of the central VF was more affected, possibly due to retinal ganglion cell distribution. Further prospective studies, including randomized controlled trials, are needed to better understand ILM-peeling effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 4","pages":"332-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Don't miss the globe\" - Study of diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography in detecting open globe injury.","authors":"Georgina George, Berton C Monteiro, Dilon D Noronha, Mahesh Mijar, Krishna K S Karanth","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_312_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_312_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose is to determine the computed tomography (CT) characteristics of open globe injury and establish the relative accuracy and reliability of various features on CT. Second, to assess the significance of a difference in the anterior chamber depths (ACDs) on CT in cases of open globe injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The diagnostic database of our radiology department was retrospectively reviewed to obtain details of patients with a history of blunt or penetrating injury to the orbit between September 2018 and March 2021. A total of 190 patients (144 males and 46 females) were included. A radiologist analyzed the CT scans without prior knowledge of ophthalmologic findings or surgical outcomes. Operative and ophthalmic examination findings were considered the gold standard for comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 190 injured globes, the final clinical diagnosis confirmed 54 (28.4%) open globe injuries and 136 (71.5%) closed globe injuries. Between the two groups, intraocular hemorrhage, lens dislocation, lens injury or absence, intraocular foreign body, intraocular air, wall/contour defect, and ACD change were considered statistically significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The average sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of CT in diagnosing open globe injury were 71.3%, 98.5%, 83.6%, 95.75%, and 94.9%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Globe contour deformity or defect, intraocular hemorrhage, and a change in ACD were the three most predictive signs of open globe injury. CT is of valuable help in a multi-trauma setting and in an uncooperative patient for ophthalmological examination to draw attention to globe injury. However, CT examination alone is insufficient in detecting all cases of open globe injury. There is a need for a more collaborative approach among emergency physicians, ophthalmologists, and radiologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"39 2","pages":"160-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12240278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Juxtapapillary congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium: A report of two cases.","authors":"Hanan A Alshalan, Abrar K Alsalamah, Sawsan R Nowilaty","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_285_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_285_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) occurring in the juxtapapillary location is extremely rare. In this report, we describe two cases of juxtapapillary CHRPEs discovered incidentally in two patients and highlight their clinical and multimodal retinal imaging features that helped establish the diagnosis and differentiate the lesions from other juxtapapillary solitary pigmented lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"39 1","pages":"100-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic efficacy of two tear supplements in the management of dry eye disease in Saudi Arabia: The Twaiq Mountain Eye Study II.","authors":"Saleh AlShammeri, Saleh A AlKhaldi, Reem T AlMutairi, Hamad A AlZamil, Saad M AlJohani, Saeed AlJohani, Sulaiman AlDakhil","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_305_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_305_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Comparison of the effectiveness between a lipid-based (Cationorm^® [CTN]) and nonlipid-based (Artelac Advanced^®, 0.2% sodium hyaluronate [SH]) tear supplements in the management of dry eye disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a randomized, single-masked study (0.2% SH vs. lipid-based eye drops) in two parallel groups over 4 weeks. <i>n</i> = 44 patients were evaluated. The outcome of the tear supplements on the ocular surface symptoms, tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive tear break-up time (NITBUT), lipid layer thickness (LLT), corneal and conjunctival redness, and strip meniscometry tube (SMTube) were measured after 4 weeks, compared to baseline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the baseline, a lipid-based (CTN) eye drop achieved a significant reduction in symptoms (14.25 ± 12.70 vs. 38.60 ± 23.13 score, <i>n</i> = 22 patients) at 4 weeks; Artelac Advanced^®, 0.2% SH and CTN showed an improvement in TMH, but it was statistically significant improved in CTN group in compared to 0.2% SH group. Statistical analysis showed improvement in NITBUT and corneal and conjunctival redness in both treatment groups. At 4 weeks, the LLT had further increased in Artelac Advanced^®, 0.2% SH group. Both eye drops did not change the tear production measured by SMTube after 4 weeks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both lipid-based (CTN) and nonlipid-based Artelac Advanced^®, 0.2% SH eye drops effectively improved tear volume, tear film stability, and ocular surface health. In addition, lipid-based CTN significantly decreased dry eye symptoms compared to Artelac Advanced^®, 0.2% SH.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"39 2","pages":"206-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12240270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the effect of 2 mL versus 3 mL sub-Tenon xylocaine injection on akinesia and analgesia in cataract patients at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.","authors":"Tota-Bolarinwa T Biola, Adepoju F Grace, Ademola-Popoola S Dupe","doi":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_275_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_275_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Sub-Tenon anesthesia is a form of local anesthetic techniques used in ophthalmic procedures, especially in cataract surgery. Few studies in our environment have reported the effects of sub-Tenon anesthesia on akinesia and analgesia as well as optimum volumes of anesthetic agents that are required for effective analgesia and akinesia. The objective of this study is to determine and compare the level of analgesia and akinesia and the effect of ocular compressions after sub-Tenon injection of 2 mL versus 3 mL of xylocaine among patients booked for cataract surgery in the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional comparative study among cataract patients booked for surgery in the Department of Ophthalmology at UITH was carried out from March 2017 to August 2017. A total of 200 cataract patients that met the inclusion criteria were recruited into the study over 6 months. Lists of cataract patients booked for surgery formed the sampling frame. Questionnaires were administered to obtain information on sociodemographic, ocular symptoms, and other histories. Visual acuity was checked, and ocular examination was done with a pen-torch, ophthalmoscope, and slit-lamp examination with 78D. Tonometry and optic nerve assessments were done to exclude any patient with preexisting glaucoma or suspicious disc. About 200 patients were randomly allocated into one of two volume groups (Group 1 had 2 mL sub-Tenon xylocaine injection whereas Group 2 had 3 mL); level of analgesia and akinesia was checked 12 min and 15 min, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The age range was 20-107 years; mean age for Group 1 was 63.8 ± 12.64, whereas the mean age of Group 2 was 64.14 ± 14.14. There was a slight female preponderance given a M:f of 1:1.4 and more than half of the patients presented with right eye (RE) cataract. Levels of analgesia 12 min after sub-Tenon injections in both groups were similar. However, two patients were found to have severe pain in Group 1, and no patients had severe pain in Group 2. The level of akinesia which was assessed 15 min after injection in both groups was found to be significantly better in Group 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a slight female preponderance with about two-third of the total patients being female and the percentage of females who had no pain was more than the male, more than 50% of the patients had RE cataracts. Sub-Tenon anesthesia whether with 2 mL or 3 mL led to a statistically significant rise in intraorbital pressure (IOP); however, with ocular compression, the IOP was found to decrease below the preinjection pressure in both groups. Levels of analgesia were similar in the two groups, whereas akinesia was statistically better in the group that had 3 mL injection.</p>","PeriodicalId":46810,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 2","pages":"179-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11232744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}