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“Who Are We”: Civilizational Ideas of Classical Eurasianism and Their Evolution "我们是谁古典欧亚主义的文明理念及其演变

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-102-113

Guo Lishuang, Jialiang Wang, Xu Jing

{"title":"“Who Are We”: Civilizational Ideas of Classical Eurasianism and Their Evolution","authors":"Guo Lishuang, Jialiang Wang, Xu Jing","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-102-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-102-113","url":null,"abstract":"Classical Eurasianism inherited the “genes” of Slavic resistance to the European cultural monopoly, it offered its own view on the typology of civilizations and geopolitics and created its own political philosophy. Based on criticism of the universality of Western civilization, classical Eurasianists put forward the concept of Russia as a unique Eurasian civilization and gave their answer to the questions “who are we?” and “where are we going?” L.N. Gumilev, who called himself “the last Eurasianist,” became the author of a civilizational theory in which geographical features corresponded to certain characteristics of civilization, at the same time his views were based on geopolitics and on the desire to rethink the concept of the Russian spirit. Classical Eurasian political philosophy is closely related to the problem of choice that Russia is now facing; it offers its own view of the roots of Russian civilization, being a direct ideological predecessor of neo-Eurasian political philosophy. Its research has positive implications not only for Russia in its fight against historical nihilism and in restoring its national identity, but also for providing reference for the self-cultural construction of all ethnic groups in the process of globalization. The concept of community of human destiny put forward by China advocates taking into account interests of other countries when pursuing its own interests, and promoting the common good of all countries in the pursuit of own development, which may provide reference for the theoretical construction of Eurasianism.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Problem of the Human Nature in the Context of the Argument against Priestly Celibacy in the 18th Century France 十八世纪法国反对牧师独身主义论战中的人性问题

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-175-185

Sergey Vorontsov

{"title":"The Problem of the Human Nature in the Context of the Argument against Priestly Celibacy in the 18th Century France","authors":"Sergey Vorontsov","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-175-185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-175-185","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the influence of the shift in the philosophy of nature and that of human nature on the understanding of clerical celibacy. The critics of celibacy argued that the whole system of the human body was inactive, which caused melancholy and affected the soul. One of the symptoms of this disease was misanthropy which was against natural sociability. The celibate priest thus found himself asocial. This argument was based on the new mechanistic metaphors of the human body and resulted from the discussion on the mind-body problem, as well as from the construction of the new systems of nature (e.g. that of Buffon and Linnaeus), which exploited the relation between the reproduction and the order of nature. The apology of celibacy affirmed that celibacy demonstrated the possibility of overcoming one’s nature and that it was a state of perfection because it imitated the nature of angels. Consequently, the celibate priest overcame the natural family relations and interests and was able to embrace all with his paternal love. This understanding of celibacy largely excluded the problem that underlies the argument against celibacy, postulating that the soul has power over the body on the basis of the (neo) Platonic view of the chain of beings. The article concludes that this discussion resulted in the construction of two incommunicable logics that describe the sacred status of the priest.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Communication Debate: Polemics between A.A. Leontiev and B.F. Lomov in Scientific Publications of the 1970s 通信辩论：20 世纪 70 年代科学出版物中 A.A.列昂季耶夫与 B.F.洛莫夫之间的论战

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-164-174

Vladimir Konnov

{"title":"The Communication Debate: Polemics between A.A. Leontiev and B.F. Lomov in Scientific Publications of the 1970s","authors":"Vladimir Konnov","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-164-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-164-174","url":null,"abstract":"The article is focused on the discussion between A.A. Leontiev and B.F. Lomov on the problem of the psychological theory of communication in the second half of the 1970s. The discussion is considered from the standpoint of intellectual history, which implies the positioning of scientific statements as social acts. The discussion unfolded in three stages each relating to particular publications. The first of these stages includes articles authored by the discussants in the collection “Methodological Problems of Social Psychology” (1975), in which A.A. Leontiev and B.F. Lomov state their main provisions without opposing them. The second stage is represented by B.F. Lomov’s section in the book “Psychological Problems of Social Regulation of Behavior” (1976), in which he highlights the main contradiction between the two positions. The third stage consists of articles by A.A. Leontiev and B.F. Lomov, published in 1979 in the journal “Voprosy Filosofii”, and related archival materials. These articles put forward arguments for and against the use of the category “activity” in the consideration of communication. This argumentation is analyzed in the context of historical circumstances, including the publication by B.F. Lomov of the main theses of the “systems approach”, successful defense of a doctoral dissertation in psychology by A.A. Leontiev (1976), change of leadership at the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University, changes in the editorial policy of “Voprosy Filosofii”. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the acute phase of the discussion was largely a reflection of the clash between Marxist monism, which excludes the plurality of perspectives in science, and pluralism, which is more in line with a wide range of schools and branches of psychological science in the 1970s.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Guardian of the History of Philosophy: On Nelly Motroschilova’s Philosophical Beginnings 哲学史的守护者：论耐莉-莫特罗希洛娃的哲学起点

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-69-80

Igor A. Mikhaylov

{"title":"The Guardian of the History of Philosophy: On Nelly Motroschilova’s Philosophical Beginnings","authors":"Igor A. Mikhaylov","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-69-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-69-80","url":null,"abstract":"Six decades of N.V. Motroshilova’s active creative work were commonly associated with her work as a historian of philosophy. Although this view is largely fair and is confirmed by the way Motroshilova herself assessed her research, the philosopher’s range of interests was much wider: it covered problems of Western European history, the theory of culture and civilization. The article shows the formation of Motroshilova’s philosophical specialization which began as an interest in German philosophy, initially limited to Husserl’s phenomenology. However, already in the early 1960s the discussion of phenomenological problems was clearly placed in the context of social analysis and was commonly identified with sociology. At the same time, another perspective was outlined: consideration of the problems of Western philosophy from the point of view of the most universal problems of the theory of knowledge. Social analysis as the dominant direction of Motroshilova’s research remained until the end of the 1970s, while the thematic area of this analysis gradually expanded – first to the philosophy of the New Age, subsequently to German idealism (the philosophy of Hegel and then Kant), as well as to the origins of Western European philosophy in Greek antiquity. Simultaneously with this expansion, and largely due to it, the general philosophical methodology also changed: starting from the 1990s, the study of the history of ideas in the aspect of culture and civilization is used as a general approach to the history of ideas. The parallel thematic and methodological “universalization” helps N.V. Motroshilova to implement a number of extremely important scientific and organizational projects for Russian philosophy, three of them occupy a special place: History of Philosophy Yearbook, the first Russian periodic edition, entirely focused on the history of philosophy; preparation and publication of a new textbook History of Philosophy. West – Russia – East, as well as a new edition of the main works of Immanuel Kant.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Problems of War and Peace in the Philosophical and Political Journalism of Li Dazhao 李大钊哲学与政治新闻中的战争与和平问题

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-40-50

Wang Xu

{"title":"Problems of War and Peace in the Philosophical and Political Journalism of Li Dazhao","authors":"Wang Xu","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-40-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-40-50","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of views on the problem of war and peace of a prominent Chinese educator and political figure, one of the first in the country to take the path of comprehending Marxism and playing a key role in its establishment in China. Having received a classical Con - fucian education, the future first Chinese Marxist and one of the founders of the Communist Party of China went through a difficult path of ideological evolution – from liberal democracy to revolutionary and further to Marxism. In this context, the main vector of changes in his views on the problems of war and peace was determined by a gradual transition from consistent anti-militarism to an understanding of the class essence of war. The turn that was determined in Li Dazhao’s views under the influence of the First World War was finally consolidated by the revolutionary events of 1917 in Russia. Considering war an inevitable companion of capitalism, which, under the conditions of imperialism, strives to extract maximum profit by erasing state borders and creating superempires, Li Dazhao ultimately came to the conclusion that the only way to combat militarism and prevent the threat of new wars of conquest is to change the existing system and establish new ones relations in the spheres of labor and property. At the same time, the main instrument of these changes should be the proletarian state.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences on the Intellectual Map of the Enlightenment. To the 300th Anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences 启蒙运动思想版图上的圣彼得堡科学院。为俄罗斯科学院成立 300 周年献礼

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-5-14

Tatiana Artemyeva

{"title":"St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences on the Intellectual Map of the Enlightenment. To the 300th Anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences","authors":"Tatiana Artemyeva","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-5-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-5-14","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the history and prehistory of St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The analysis of functioning conditions of St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, ways of its financing, privileges and benefits granted to scientists, as well as the active actions of the academic administration demonstrated how quickly St. Petersburg turned into one of the most important scientific centers of the world. The author reveals the role of outstanding figures of the Enlightenment era, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Christian Wolf, in the creation of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. She notes that Leibniz saw the creation of the Academy of Sciences in Russia as the implementation of Bacon’s epistemological utopia, the “New Atlantis,” and was ready to take a direct part in its creation. The article notes that together with the Academy of Sciences in Russia a new intellectual community emerged, and this community was capable of solving important state tasks and complex research problems. One of the important conclusions of the study is the analysis of how the academic community was integrated into the social structure of Russia and constantly evolved into the country’s academic system. The article gives a brief overview of the history of the emergence of academies of sciences in Europe in the New Time, it considers main directions of their activities, features of financial support, publications, and working conditions of scientists. Particular attention is paid to the development of philosophical and worldview lines of the academic institutions’ activities. The formation of the academic space in Europe is compared with the development of the Academy of Sciences in Russia, where the idea of creating the Academy from the very beginning acquired a state character.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contemporary Bergsonism and Philosophy of Cosmology 当代柏格森主义与宇宙哲学

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-154-159

Anastasia Auman

引用次数: 0

On the Question of the Beginning of Slavophilism: A.S. Khomyakov’s Article “About the Old and the New” 关于斯拉夫嗜好主义的开端问题：A.S.霍米亚科夫的文章 "关于新旧"

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-146-154

Andrei Popov

{"title":"On the Question of the Beginning of Slavophilism: A.S. Khomyakov’s Article “About the Old and the New”","authors":"Andrei Popov","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-146-154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-146-154","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the question of the initial stage of the history of Slavophilism. Based on the contents of the letter by E.A. Khomyakova, found in 2000, it is concluded that the first handwritten article by A.S. Khomyakov “On the old and the New” was written in early 1837. This finding is the basis for the revision of existing ideas that the Slavophile doctrine originated in the winter of 1839. According to the author, this article by Khomyakov was a response to N.M. Karamzin’s note “On ancient and New Russia in its political and civil relations”. A comparative analysis of the main provisions of the content of these works is carried out. Karamzin’s views, according to the author, corresponded to conservative traditionalism, which calls for the preservation of the existing order. Khomyakov’s ideology corresponds to the archaic traditionalism that arises during periods of historical development, when the attractive features of the social structure have been lost and one can only hope for their possible revival. The archaic proponent understands that it is no longer possible to revive the past in its entirety. His ideal is forced to adapt to the conditions of modern society. The article considers the reply message of I.V. Kireevsky “In response to Khomyakov”, which was written in the winter of 1839. The question of the general and special in the views of A.S. Khomyakov and I.V. Kireevsky is analyzed on the basis of the content of their first articles. According to the author of the article, criticism of the official ideology was one of the ideological sources of the formation of the Slavophile doctrine.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human Capital as a Problem for Social Philosophy 人力资本是一个社会哲学问题

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-47-54

Evgeny B. Rashkovsky

{"title":"Human Capital as a Problem for Social Philosophy","authors":"Evgeny B. Rashkovsky","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-47-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-47-54","url":null,"abstract":"The author of this paper is a specialist in history of philosophy and religions, poetics and political studies. The notion of human capital coined by American economical thought in the beginning of 1960th could hardly be a monopoly of economical discourse. Ex definitio, this notion has to contain in itself a lot of historical, cultural as well as philosophical connotations. According to the widening scope of our theoretical imagination, this notion seems to be more and more vital and complex as well as less dependent on the “Occam’s razor”. Actually, the value of this notion seems to be rather unique. Being almost elusive from strict quantifications, it could be intimately connected with the whole complex of present-day human realities. According to Professor Rashkovsky, analytical approach to this notion helps better comprehending some dramatic aspects of Russian history caused by underestimation (or perverted treating) of human meanings in history itself as well as human meanings in labor, societal connections, culture, etc. By the way, the author suggests reopening and partial present-day re-interpretation of economic ideas of Russian economist, philosopher and theologian Sergei N. Bulgakov: ideas though partly obsolete, but nevertheless vital for contemporary thought.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ЖУКОВА О.А. Творчество и религиозность в русской культуре. Философские исследования. М.: Согласие, 2022. 594 с. Zhukova O.A. 俄罗斯文化中的创造性和宗教性。哲学研究。莫斯科：Soglasiye, 2022.594 с.

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-219-221

P. Volkova

引用次数: 0