VOPROSY FILOSOFII最新文献

Песнь о великом Дао-Пути одухотворенного источника 灵泉大道之歌

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-190-194

Irina Belaya

引用次数: 0

Virtual Worlds of Neurophenomenology 神经现象学的虚拟世界

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-147-153

Maksim Miroshnichenko

{"title":"Virtual Worlds of Neurophenomenology","authors":"Maksim Miroshnichenko","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-147-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-147-153","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the perspectives of Francisco Varela and Thomas Metzinger on the notion of selfhood are explored, highlighting their differences and similarities. The focus is on how the perception of self and the surrounding world is inseparable from elements of virtuality and simulation, which are vital in cognitive processes. Metzinger emphasizes perception’s illusory and simulated nature, whereas Varela considers phenomenal perception an actively created virtual reality. Both approaches challenge the traditional view of a stable, centralized ‘self’, seeing selfhood as the result of multiple interacting processes. Varela is centered on an enactivist vision, treating active engagement with the world as a crucial element in forming selfhood. At the same time, Metzinger focuses on phenomenal self-modeling and the illusory nature of selfhood. The article also addresses the ethical differences between the two concepts. Metzinger points to potential issues in creating self-aware AI, while Varela sees in the understanding of a non-substantial ‘self’ the possibility for deeper engagement with the world, suggesting freedom from the constraints of rigidly stabilized selfhood and openness to diverse aspects of the environment.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Birth of Apocalyptic Meaning from the Spirit of Communication: Preconditions for the Formation of Eschatological Consciousness in the Modern Spiritualist Movement 从传播精神中诞生世界末日的意义：现代灵修运动中末世论意识形成的先决条件

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-193-200

Vladislav S. Razdyakonov

{"title":"The Birth of Apocalyptic Meaning from the Spirit of Communication: Preconditions for the Formation of Eschatological Consciousness in the Modern Spiritualist Movement","authors":"Vladislav S. Razdyakonov","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-193-200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-193-200","url":null,"abstract":"Two ideas haunt the eschatological consciousness of modernity: antifinalism, signifying the infinity of spiritual evolution of man and the cosmos; anthropological agency, postulating the important role of man in the development of the eschatological process. The article focuses on the modern spiritualist movement, whose participants anticipated the imminent beginning of a new stage of human evolution. The study suggests that the genesis of the eschatological consciousness of the movement’s participants was conditioned by the specifics of their communication with the spiritual world. Firstly, the condition for the genesis of eschatological consciousness was the loss of a significant person and the psychological experience of nostalgia. Thus, the eschatological verificationism of spiritualists is defined as the projection of their traumatic experience onto the world around them. Secondly, automatic writing practice played a crucial role in the emergence of eschatological consciousness, it determined the spiritualists’ treatment of the medium as a special anthropological type. Thirdly, the features of the séance that may have shaped eschatological consciousness are revealed, while the movement itself is categorized as a millenial cult. The spiritualist interpretation of spiritual communication as an act of transcending “earthly” language into the realm of the “language of thought” is eschatological, because it affirms un unambiguous vision of reality, which is unmediated by any “natural” symbolic system. The borderline situation of eschatological expectation was the key reason for the formation of eschatological consciousness.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Marx’s Theory and the Realities of World and Russian History 马克思的理论与世界和俄罗斯历史的现实

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-34-46

Karen H. Momdzhyan

{"title":"Marx’s Theory and the Realities of World and Russian History","authors":"Karen H. Momdzhyan","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-34-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-34-46","url":null,"abstract":"During the post-Soviet period of Russian history, a negative attitude towards Karl Marx was established in public opinion, who is considered the author of an eschatological utopia, the bankruptcy of which is considered self-evident proof of the scientific failure of the “materialistic understanding of history”. Objecting to this point of view, the author examines the basic concepts of Marx’s philosophical and sociological doctrine, which (provided they are correctly understood and rejected from unlawful absolutization) remain valid for modern science. At the same time, the author examines Marx’s ideas, which are not confirmed by the course of modern history, which primarily include the German thinker’s ideas about the state and fate of modern capitalism. The author believes that the undoubted mistake of Marx, who mistook the birth pangs of civilized capitalism for its agony, should not be used to discredit the formational typology of history and Marx’s ideas about the socialist perspective of development. To prove this idea, it is important to understand that Marx is not responsible for the social system created by the Bolshevik revolution in Russia, which was not related to the socialist organization of society, representing the reincarnation of the political orders established in a European country on an industrial rather than agricultural basis. The natural collapse of this society was realized in full accordance with the postulates of the materialistic understanding of history and cannot be used as an argument in favor of their scientific failure.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mystery of Khakassian Burial Mounds in Biosemiotic Lens 生物符号学视角下的卡卡西墓地之谜

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-122-127

Ulyana S. Strugovshchikova

引用次数: 0

Open Rationality: A Quarter of a Century Later (To the 90th Anniversary of Vladimir Schvyrev) 开放的理性：四分之一世纪之后（纪念弗拉基米尔-施维列夫诞辰 90 周年）

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-54-61

Vladimir Porus

{"title":"Open Rationality: A Quarter of a Century Later (To the 90th Anniversary of Vladimir Schvyrev)","authors":"Vladimir Porus","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-54-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-54-61","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the contribution of professor V.S. Shvyrev (1934–2008) in the development of the theory of rationality. In the 1970s–80s, he introduced the concept of “open rationality” into the thesaurus of domestic epistemological research, critically starting from the idea of rationality as a compliance with a fixed set of unchanging criteria (“closed rationality”). The “closedness” of rationality is associated with the theological and metaphysical origins of classical rationalism, the crisis of which in the modern world has become obvious. Absolutization of “closedness” leads to dogmatism, which inhibits development. This applies not only to scientific knowledge, but also to all forms of social life, mental and practical activity. Openness of rationality is the result of critical reflection in relation to these criteria, creating the possibility of changing their system. Critical reflection is the cause and, at the same time, a necessary consequence of rationality, the driving force for the development of knowledge and social systems. “Closed” and “open” rationality are related in meaning and are mutually definable concepts that make up “complementarity” (in the spirit of N. Bohr’s methodological principle). Rationality is not only a methodological principle but also a cultural value. Тherefore, its “openness” problematizes the development of culture. In this regard, critical reflection plays the role of a filter that protects against replacing the criteria of rationality with value judgments expressing various private interests. Such an approach to the problem of rationality, outlined in the works of V.S. Shvyrev, opens up the prospect of cultural-historical epistemology, which connects logic and methodology, history and philosophy of culture, philosophy of knowledge. This connection allows for a multilevel epistemological interpretation of special scientific (historical, sociological, and psychological) data on developing knowledge and social systems.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maimonides, Gersonides and Crescas on Prophets and Prophecy 迈蒙尼德、格尔森尼德和克雷斯卡斯论先知和预言

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-172-183

Valeriya Sleptsova

{"title":"Maimonides, Gersonides and Crescas on Prophets and Prophecy","authors":"Valeriya Sleptsova","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-172-183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-172-183","url":null,"abstract":"R. Moshe ben Maimon (1136–1204), R. Levi ben Gershom (1288–1344) and R. Hasdai Crescas (1340–1410/12) in their main philosophical works consider the phenomenon of prophecy as something that gives rise to philosophical questions and requires philosophical understanding. The definition of prophecy as an emanation from God that is emanating into the intellect of the individual, and the definition of a prophet as a person who performs miracles and conveys messages leading people to some good goal, and these miracles and messages can vary in degree, are common to all three thinkers based on ideas of peripatetic philosophy. However, despite the fact that each of these thinkers primarily focuses on the same corpus of texts (the texts of the Tanakh and Talmud), the emphasis that the philosophers make creates significant differences in their concepts. For example, the views of these philosophers differ on how the test of the truth of a prophet can be carried out, as well as whether all prophetic predictions should (and can) be fulfilled. In the paper we distinct two roles of prophetic knowledge. They are the prognostic role and the pedagogic one. We demonstrate that Crescas highlights the prognostic function of the prophecy, but for Gersonides the pedagogic one is brought to the forefront. We also demonstrate, that prophecy is a doxastic practice with overrider system.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Academy of Sciences in Russia: The Experience of Unique Historical Peculiarity 俄罗斯科学院：独特的历史经验

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-15-28

Natalia Kuznetsova

{"title":"Academy of Sciences in Russia: The Experience of Unique Historical Peculiarity","authors":"Natalia Kuznetsova","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-15-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-15-28","url":null,"abstract":"The jubilee celebrations in honor of the 300th anniversary of the creation of the Academy of Sciences in Russia once again force historians of science to recall the complex historical path of this glorious social institution, the trajectories of scientific and technological development in our Fatherland, which are associated with the activities of the Academy. All this, of course, is correct and justified not only by the approach of the holidays, but also by the fact that the civilizational dynamics of our time is constantly testing the strength of an academic-type institution, for compliance with the tasks of the country’s development in the context of large and complex challenges of the time. The purpose of this article is not a complete or detailed reproduction of the historical events that led the first Emperor of Russia to the idea of opening the Academy of Sciences, nor a story about the main milestones of its further development. In the philosophical study of the modern sociocultural appearance of the Russian Academy of Sciences, it is necessary to add one most important component, which has rarely been highlighted against the general background – today we must realize and express its cultural originality, historical uniqueness, in order to contribute to the preservation of its glorious cognitive traditions.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

There Are No Atheists among Greatest Philosophers: Reasonings about Experience, Knowledge and Faith in the Letters of N.O. Lossky to G.V. Florovsky (1947–1955). Letters of N.O. Lossky to G.V. Florovsky (1947–1955), Publication and Notes by Elena V. Serdyukova 伟大的哲学家中没有无神论者：尼-奥-洛斯基给格-瓦-弗罗洛夫斯基的信（1947-1955 年）中关于经验、知识和信仰的推理》。尼-奥-洛斯基致格-瓦-弗罗洛夫斯基的信（1947-1955 年）》，叶连娜-瓦-谢尔久科娃的出版和注释

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-71-90

Elena Serdyukova

{"title":"There Are No Atheists among Greatest Philosophers: Reasonings about Experience, Knowledge and Faith in the Letters of N.O. Lossky to G.V. Florovsky (1947–1955). Letters of N.O. Lossky to G.V. Florovsky (1947–1955), Publication and Notes by Elena V. Serdyukova","authors":"Elena Serdyukova","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-71-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-71-90","url":null,"abstract":"In 1946, Nikolai Onufrievich Lossky moved from France to his younger son Andrey who lived in the United States, where Lossky taught at the St. Vladimir’s Orthodox Theological Seminary for several years. His correspondence with G.V. Florovsky continued, and, as before, they are connected by their friendship, teaching activities, and, most importantly, their scientific and philosophical interests. “Is it true that Russian philosophy is not scientific?” This question became crucial for N.O. Lossky during the “overseas” period of his life and work (1947–1955). His letters sent to G.V. Florovsky from New Haven, New York, and Los Angeles testify to his interest in the concrete metaphysical foundations of holistic (intuitive) worldview, within which faith and knowledge find their indispensable places. Lossky discusses in his letters Florovsky’s upcoming move to America and the organization of teaching philosophical disciplines at the St. Vladimir’s Orthodox Theological Seminary. Furthermore, he draws Florovsky’s attention to how scientists of that time (A. Eddington, B. Bavinck, D. Jeans, M. Planck, P. Leconte du Nouy, and others) try to answer the question of the relationship between natural sciences (physics, biology, etc.) and the transcendental foundations of religious experience. In addition to this, Lossky is interested in Étienne Gilson’s “History of Medieval Philosophy” (which describes specific intellectual attempts to “reconcile” faith and knowledge) and the epistemological experience of Russian Freemasonry presented in G.V. Vernadsky’s book. And, of course, a special place in Lossky’s letters is devoted to the preparation of the book “History of Russian Philosophy” for publication in New York as part of the works series of the St. Vladimir’s Orthodox Theological Seminary.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Indirect Speaking: Images and Metaphors in Arendt’s Homage “Martin Heidegger at Eighty” 间接说话：阿伦特致敬 "八十岁的马丁-海德格尔 "中的图像与隐喻

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-135-145

E. Kriukova, O. Koval

{"title":"Indirect Speaking: Images and Metaphors in Arendt’s Homage “Martin Heidegger at Eighty”","authors":"E. Kriukova, O. Koval","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-135-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-135-145","url":null,"abstract":"Hannah Arendt’s report “Martin Heidegger at Eighty” is generally seen as a defensive speech, seemingly intended to honor his philosophical achievements at the end of his life and to mitigate the reputational damage caused by his past political mistakes. The personal relationship between Arendt and Heidegger is often cited as the reason for the disturbing fact that such a statement was made by a prominent scholar of totalitarianism. This article examines Arendt’s text from a new perspective, viewing it as a departure from Heidegger’s position rather than a celebration of it. The hypothesis is proposed by shifting the focus to the form of expression, which can provide insight into the content. The anniversary speech is filled with poetic imagery and contains numerous allusions to both literary and philosophical works. The article analyzes Arendt’s comparison of Heidegger with the “hidden king”, which has its roots in the Romantic tradition. The use of Novalis’s novel, from which the title was probably borrowed, contributes to the discovery of additional meanings. Arendt’s text presents a semantically rich metaphor, “the storm of thinking”, that can be deployed through a network of intertextual references. These references include the Socratic comparison of thought to an invisible storm, the Platonic image of the storm that appears in the finale of Heidegger’s Rector’s Speech, the “wind from paradise” that picks up Benjamin’s Angel of History, and the changeability of the cloudy sky from Rilke’s “Sonnets to Orpheus”. The metaphorical structure of Arendt’s essay is explored, reflecting her own understanding of the role of language in thinking and the importance of literary discourse.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141843171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0