VOPROSY FILOSOFII最新文献

{"title":"Song of the Great Dao of the Spiritualized Source: Preliminary Study","authors":"Irina Belaya","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-178-189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-178-189","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the Song of the Great Dao of the Spiritualized Source (Ling yuan da dao ge). This is a work on Daoist “inner alchemy”, which describes the process of transforming the spirit and the breath in poetic form. The author of Ling yuan da dao ge was the Daoist nun and poetess Cao Wen-yi (1039–1115). Cao Wen-yi is the only woman-philosopher who wrote a commentary on the Dao De jing, which has survived to this day in the Daoist Canon (Dao zang). Her talents were highly appreciated by Emperor Huizong, who granted her the title “Excellent in Literary Talent” (Wen-yi zhen-ren). The goal of the study is to highlight the most important ideological and theoretical components of the Song of the Great Dao of the Spiritualized Source. As a result of the study, the cultural and historical environment of this work was reconstructed, its earlier list written in prose was identified, the dating of the full version of Ling yuan da dao ge was clarified, and its content features were revealed. The main task of the Song of the Great Dao of the Spiritualized Source is to explain the principle of simultaneous improvement of inner nature and vitality (xing ming shuang xiu). This principle became the main vector of development of Daoist psychophysiological methods, starting from the Song era. Improving the inner nature, according to Cao Wen-yi, is achieved by detaching the heart from feelings and desires. This state is called “no heart” (wu xin) and is the “true heart of the Dao”. Improving vitality is achieved through breathing exercises, which should be based on the principles of suchness (zi ran) and non-action (wu wei).","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Отечественная философия. 2023. Т. 1. № 1, 2. 143 с., 139 с.","authors":"Kirill Vasiljev","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-217-221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-217-221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Philosophy of Language of Abram Deborin","authors":"Alexey Nikandrov","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-91-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-91-101","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to one of the little-known episodes of the scientific life of the famous Soviet philosopher Academician Abram Deborin. The author will analyze his works on linguistics. In the mid 1930s. Abram Deborin enthusiastically set about creating his own linguistic and philosophical concept of the origin of language and thinking on the basis of Nikolai Marr’s “New theory of language”. He developed and supplemented this doctrine, building a complete philosophy of language. Marr’s doctrine correlated with the Marxist-Leninist worldview of Abram Deborin, and also corresponded to his adherence to the doctrine of Hegel. The focus of the article is the book The New Doctrine of Language and Dialectical Materialism (1935), as well as his other works that deal with questions of linguistics. Developing the ideas of Marr, the Soviet philosopher strengthened his Marxist argument and resolved some of the contradictions of Marrism. He left aside the insignificant linguistic aspects of Marrism, which had nothing to do with philosophical problems. Abram Deborin became the first author of works on linguistics written from the standpoint of the “New theory of language”, and he was the only one to remain so. After the famous discussion on linguistics in 1950, when Joseph Stalin came out with the work Marxism and Problems of Linguistics, in which Marrism was crushed, Abram Deborin was forced to repent of his mistakes, demonstrating his rejection of the “New theory of language”. However, the scientist did not abandon the important idea of Nikolai Marr about the transition from synthetic thinking in primitive society to analytical thinking in class society. This idea was developed in his works at the junction of philosophy and linguistics, written after 1950. In this period particularly developed in his philosophy of language was the idea of the coincidence of opposite meanings in one word expressing some concept of the human protolanguage.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buddhist Criticism of Justification of Varṇa System by Brahmanists. On the Russian Translation of Vajrasūcī. Vajrasūcī. Trans. from Sanskrit and Notes by Ruzana V. Pskhu","authors":"Ruzana Pskhu","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-59-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-59-70","url":null,"abstract":"In the later period of the development of Indian philosophy (VII century), one of the most interesting questions marked the boundary of Brahmanic thought and its most categorical opponent, Buddhism: the question of the existence of universals. Despite the fact that at first glance this dispute seems purely philosophical and therefore comparable to a similar phenomenon in Western European philosophy, nevertheless, in the history of Indian philosophy, the problem of universals arises in a certain context, explaining their appearance as a ‘situational’ phenomenon. In the VII century, Kumārila Bhaṭṭa, in a dispute with the Buddhist Dharmakīrti, resorted to universals in justifying the legality of the Varṇa system: all brahmins are united by one common property or universal – brahmanism, due to which brahmins differ from all other people. We can talk about the existence of a certain paradigm in the Brahmin culture, which explains the social structure of ancient Indian society, and the affirmation by all philosophical systems of classical Indian philosophy, united by the name of āstika (recognizing the Vedas), and the grammatical structure of Sanskrit in Pāṇini’s work, and many other realities of Brahmin culture. The article examines the text of Vajrasūcī attributed to the early Buddhist author Aśvaghoṣa, in which a condensation of possible arguments against the Varṇa system and the exclusive status of the Brahmins is proposed. The article presents the translation of Vajrasūcī from Sanskrit into Russian.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141843340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What the Human Mind Is for: the Evolution of the Unconscious (Theses on the General Theory of Evolution)","authors":"Givi V. Givishvili","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-15-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-15-22","url":null,"abstract":"Revolutionary experiments in space, carried out in the XXI century, proved the physical non-existence of space and time. Infinitely extended space is also uniformly filled with boundless matter in the form of discrete clusters of mass-energy. Time, on the other hand, turns out to be a fixation of the sequence and duration of cause-and-effect relationships in any process occurring in and be­tween material objects. Therefore, nature is dualistic: it exists in the form of two conditionally independent principles – non-existence (non-existent space-time continuum) and being (the existing material-ideal Cosmos). At the same time, the physical existence of matter is unthinkable without the physical non-exis­tence of space-time. The Cosmos is also dualistic, dividing into two interdepen­dent objects: a) the transitory material (mass-energy) and the imperishable ideal (laws, principles and algorithms of the existence of matter); b) the countless discrete mass-energy dynamic Small Universes (galaxies and their clusters). Together they make up one stationary Large Universe, unlimited in mass and en­ergy. At the same time, the material and the ideal together form four intercon­nected steps of the pyramid of the Cosmos: a) the world of elementary particles; b) the world of galaxies, stars and planets; c) the sphere of organics; d) the sphere of culture. Accordingly, a human-like mind turns out to be a categorically impe­rative element of the Cosmos. This conclusion follows from the fact of the limi­ted duration of the active phase of the existence of Small Universes. The lat­ter circumstance is associated with an irreversible deterioration in the quality of the energy of stars and the extinction of their life cycle. However, currently physics does not know any natural process capable of regenerating the mass- energy of aging stars and reviving their activity. Consequently, for the artificial resumption of the vital activity of Small Universes, in fact, to maintain the eter­nal existence of the Large Universe, a human-like mind is needed (a super-strong anthropic principle). Thus, there is a need to rethink the phenomenon of evo­lution as a global process that encompasses the specifics of the interconnected existence of all four “horizons” of Nature.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Institutional Aspect of the Formation of the Russian Philosophical Language: Towards the Formulation of the Problem","authors":"Vladimir Sidorin","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-29-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-29-38","url":null,"abstract":"The article problematizes the historical and cultural process of the formation of the Russian philosophical language as one of the key events in the history of Russian philosophical thought. The key examples of reflection on the course of the Russian philosophical terminology’s development (related to the names of A.D. Kantemir, G.N. Teplov, A. Fryazinovsky, A.S. Pushkin, V.N. Karpov, A.I. Galich, S.S. Gogotsky, N.Ya. Grot, V.S. Solovyov) are briefly considered. The author proves that the study of this section of the history of Russian philo­sophy involves special attention to the institutional infrastructure that created the environment and methods of production, translation and reproduction of phi­losophical knowledge, accumulating, discarding and consolidating terminologi­cal innovations. He pays special attention to the journal “Questions of Philoso­phy and Psychology” and to the consideration of the intellectual platform posed by the chief editor of the journal N.Ya. Grot, that is, to the task of creating a na­tional philosophical language, which are dealt with both in the context of the in­tellectual program of the project and in the general context of the history of the development of Russian philosophical terminology. The author recon­structs the nature of the collective research project “Questions of Philosophy and Psychology”, as well as the key points of its program – solving the “problem of life” as the main goal of philosophy, searching for new foundations for meta­physics and ethics through a radical rethinking of the subject of metaphysics and the union of natural science and philosophical knowledge (through the union of philosophy and psychology). The author concludes that the history of the jour­nal “Questions of Philosophy and Psychology” marks a new stage in the devel­opment of the Russian philosophical language, which represents the transforma­tion of philosophy into a discursive public force, and philosophical utterance into a means of communicative influence on social and political reality.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Identity and the Humanistic Model of Digital Educational Environment","authors":"Sergey Khrapov, S. Kryuchkova, Ibrahim Melikov","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-29-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-29-39","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problems of subjective and personal self-determination of students in the situation of contact with the infocommunication environment, in particular, to the analysis of “digital identity”, symbolizing the emergence of a new modality of individual identification in virtual space. The methodological basis of the study was philosophical, axiological and systemic approaches. In addition, the possibilities of the method of existential analytics are used, which make it possible to explore not only ontological, but also the value-semantic contexts of the formation of personal identity, allowing us to consider the essence of “I” in the unique unity of its personal qualities, as well as content analysis as the optimal diagnostic tool network identity. The article conceptualizes the concept of “digital identity”. It is shown that the representation of the life of young people in a virtual environment, as one of the forms of successful socialization, as well as the possibility of constructing a virtual personality and its self-presentation in the external environment with the help of ideal self-images, determine the projective nature of digital identity, which is, ultimately, a set of projections of real identity, translated using digital technologies into a sign-symbolic context. Based on examples of the reverse influence of online identity on the real one, a conclusion is made about the emergence of a tendency to blur the lines between them, marking the beginning of the process of merging digital and real identities. The result of the study is a humanistic model of the digital educational environment (DEL), which sets the main variable vectors for its development and implementation, taking into account the creative potential of a particular teacher, the conditions of the educational organization, the socio-pedagogical and socio-psychological specifics of students.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Пути евразийской идеи. Обзор Первого Евразийского философского конгресса","authors":"A. Anisin, Oleg Matveychev","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-201-211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-201-211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons of the Past for the Present and Future of Russian Education: The Attempt of Historico-philosophical Analysis (Reflections on the Book by V.V. Serbinenko and I.V. Grebeshev “Educational Projects in the History of Russian Philosophy”)","authors":"V. Kirzhaeva, O. Osovsky","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-94-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-94-105","url":null,"abstract":"Reflecting on the book by V. Serbinenko and I. Grebeshev devoted to philosophi­cal-educational projects in Russia and Russian abroad [Serbinenko, Grebeshev 2022], the authors pay special attention to the significance of this philosophical ex­perience for the fate of Russian education in today’s conditions. At the same time, it seems fundamental that the book focuses on the forms and nature, episodes of philosophical reflection of the 19th – early 20th centuries thinkers. The authors agree with the position of V. Serbinenko and I. Grebeshev, and point to the ade­quacy of interpretation of the practices that emerged in the Russian intellectual space of the 19th century. Among them there are the declaration of traditional con­servative values of education and upbringing by the Slavophiles, the preservation and development of the philosophical foundations of pedagogy in Orthodox acade­mies at the time of persecution of philosophy at universities. The authors point out the ambiguous position of K. Pobedonostsev, who combined loyalty to the princi­ples of conservatism and orientation towards the best achievements of European education in his views on school education. Their consideration of the philosophi­cal and pedagogical views of L. Tolstoy and V. Rozanov is also of notable interest. The most important role in the formation of the modern view of education and up­bringing is assigned to S. Hessen and V. Zenkovsky, two outstanding philosophers and educators of the 20th century. S. Hessen’s “Fundamentals of Pedagogy” is considered as a new word in the theory and practice of Russian pedagogy, still re­taining its relevance as a philosophical and educational project. It built all levels of education into a unified system considering it as an integral part of the world cultural landscape. However, according to the authors, the point of view of V. Zen­kovsky, who gave a new understanding of the “hierarchical structure of the child’s soul” and the psychology of childhood through the prism of Christian anthro­pology, is closer to V. Serbinenko and I. Grebeshev. Highly appreciating the book, the authors make a number of critical remarks, supplementing its factography with some episodes to confirm the validity of the book conclusions.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Materialist Philosophy of Michel Onfray","authors":"Ekaterina I. Korostichenko","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-184-192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-184-192","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the atheological concept of “the most popular French philosopher” Michel Onfray, as well as his criticism of religion. Onfray borrows the term “atheology” from G. Bataille, which he understands as a current of thought that deconstructs theological truths. The philosopher identifies three original tasks of atheology: the deconstruction of monotheism, the demythologization of Judeo-Christianity and Islam, and the deconstruction of theocracy. He implements all these three tasks in one way or another. The article demonstrates that Onfray’s concept of atheology does not represent something radically new or significantly different from the existing tradition of religion critique. Onfray limits himself to the three monotheisms that have the greatest political influence and resolutely condemns almost all aspects of the three religions. We note that in doing so, Onfray simplifies the image of religion, presenting it exclusively in a negative light. Such negativism brings Onfray closer not only to contemporary new atheists, especially C. Hitchens, who believes that “religion poisons everything”, but also to such representatives of French materialism as Holbach and La Mettrie. Onfray’s approach seems abstract because it does not provide a thorough socio-historical explanation of monotheistic religions. It is shown that his criticism of religion is based on a significant philosophical tradition that goes from Democritus, Lucretius, Epicurus, to Freud, Marx, and Nietzsche, and includes French materialists such as Holbach, La Mettrie, Helvetius. His hedonism is more likely to be drawn from the Cyrenaics than from Epicurus. The originality of Onfray’s approach lies in the fact that he incorporates materialism and hedonism into his concept of “philosophy of nature”. Onfray’s positive agenda, although resonant with a number of contemporary issues, is formulated in extremely general terms and is poorly worked out.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}