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Between Philosophical Criticism and Ideological Apologetics (on the Levels of Existence of Human Ideas) 在哲学批评与意识形态辩护之间（论人类思想的存在层面）

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-10-14

A. Kara-Murza

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引用次数: 0

Grammar and Ritual in Indian Theoretical Culture and the Western Ideal of “Pure Theory”: an Intercultural Approach 印度理论文化中的语法与仪式与西方“纯粹理论”的理想

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-15-26

V. Lysenko

{"title":"Grammar and Ritual in Indian Theoretical Culture and the Western Ideal of “Pure Theory”: an Intercultural Approach","authors":"V. Lysenko","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-15-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-15-26","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the intercultural significance of the impact of the Paninean grammar of Sanskrit (ca. IV century B.C.) on the formation of Western linguistics – the general theory of language, comparative historical linguistics, other comparative disciplines, as well as generative grammar, structuralism and formalism. We are dealing here with a specific contribution of Indian theoretical knowledge to a number of important areas of Western science and philosophy. In ancient India itself, the genesis of grammatical and linguistic discourse was closely connected with the Brahmanical theory of Vedic sacrifice, which had the character of ritual- and sound-centrism. Ritual was regarded as a model of activity and behavior under the condition of an unstable confrontation between the forces of chaos and order. Sound-centrism constituted a priority of the oral transmission of knowledge in ancient India. The author associates ritual- and sound-centric doctrines with the conceptual expression of the dynamic nature of reality by means of the “perfect language” – Sanskrit. The fact that in ancient India the grammar was a part of the “software” for ritualistic discursive practices introduces some new perspectives within the study of the genesis of theoretical knowledge. In contrast to the hypothesis of “pure theory” suggested in Ancient Greece and acknowledged as a trigger for the development of philosophy and science in the West, an opportunity opens up to study the genesis of theoretical culture within the framework of justifying religious praxis (F. Staal’s hypothesis). This may actualize the reflection of “Indo-European language family relations” between Western civilization and Indian culture and enrich their self-understanding by the introduction of an intercultural perspective.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49281399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Was There a Babylonian Philosophy? 有巴比伦哲学吗?

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-177-189

V. Emelianov

{"title":"Was There a Babylonian Philosophy?","authors":"V. Emelianov","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-177-189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-177-189","url":null,"abstract":"The article criticizes the theory of the assyriologist M. van de Mieroop about the existence of Babylonian philosophy, set forth in his monograph and detailed theses. Each thesis of this theory is quoted and analyzed in detail. The differences between the philosophical statement and the philosophical worldview from the religious and scientific statements of the peoples of ancient Mesopotamia are determined. It has been established that a philosophical statement can only be the author’s and is necessarily criticized by other authors. In philosophical reasoning about the universe, the principle of non-possessiveness of the universal is obligatory. The universe is understood by philosophers as the unity of all things. At the same time, the universe is conceived as consisting of primary elements. In philosophical thinking there is a hierarchy of categories, the idea of the beginning, the limit and the infinite. Unlike the philosophers, the authors of the Sumerian and Akkadian texts were nameless and did not quote or criticize each other. In their reasoning, the universal is always associated with the belonging of many things to one subject, and the world order is understood exclusively as power. The universe appears in the Sumero-Akkadian texts as a multitude of possessed things. Cuneiform texts up to the 5th century B.C. do not know the concept of primary elements. They lack logical definitions and chains of logical reasoning, the hierarchy of categories, the idea of the beginning, the limit and the infinite. Thus, the constructions of the priests and scientists of ancient Mesopotamia, from our point of view, cannot be called philosophical texts.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43330182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interpretation of the Nature of Dementia in a Context of Humanism and Transhumanism Polemic 从人道主义和跨人道主义的视角解读痴呆的本质

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-68-78

A. Sidenkova, V. Myakotnykh, Mariia Ivanchenko

{"title":"Interpretation of the Nature of Dementia in a Context of Humanism and Transhumanism Polemic","authors":"A. Sidenkova, V. Myakotnykh, Mariia Ivanchenko","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-68-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-68-78","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the phenomenon of dementia from the point of view of two approaches: humanism and transhumanism. The psychological and philosophical interpretation of this neurodegenerative disease is given by the example of works of such philosophers and scientists as: I. Kant, M. Heidegger, E. Husserl, Aristotle, V.E. Frankl, D.J. Chalmers, K. Charmaz, T. Kitwood, M.P. Laurentiu, E. van Wijngaarden, F. Svenaeus, Ch. Taylor, S. Post, A. Giddens, E. Cassel, C. Gilleard. The analysis of general philosophical terms “mind”, “consciousness”, “intentionality”, “human”, “human nature”, “image of human”, “nothingness” is carried out. The work examines the prospects for the treatment and prevention of dementia using the achievements of NBIС-technologies, as well as the methods proposed by transhumanism: the creation of an exocortex, genetic editing, digitization of consciousness, cyborgization of an individual, cloning, organ growing and other methods. Inseparable from neurodegenerative and mental diseases, the phenomena of stigmatization, as well as nothingness (nihilation as a process) in the Heideggerian sense of the word, are studied. The criticism of transhumanism and humanism is consistently carried out in relation to the effectiveness of treatment of mental illness in general and dementia in particular. The right of transhumanism to invade the sphere of moral and ethical imperatives, medical practice and deontology, as well as human self-identity and rationality is assessed. The understanding of such phenomena as pain, illness, suffering and death is carried out in the context of a discussion between the humanistic paradigm and the transhumanistic vision of the world. The process of renewal of humanism and the transition to antihumanism or metahumanism are assumed to be the determining factors in the further development of philosophical thought, in its mutual influence on science, medicine and technology.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42984429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sense and the Making of Sense: Factors, Practices, Actors 意义和意义的形成:因素，实践，行动者

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-215-220

I. Mikirtumov, Larissa Ye. Muraviova, G. Tulchinskii

引用次数: 0

Hermann Cohen’s Philosophy of Mathematics, or What is Wrong with the Marburg Method 赫尔曼·科恩的数学哲学，或者马尔堡方法有什么问题

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-27-41

A. Pertsev

{"title":"Hermann Cohen’s Philosophy of Mathematics, or What is Wrong with the Marburg Method","authors":"A. Pertsev","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-27-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-27-41","url":null,"abstract":"Neo-Kantianism in general and the Marburg school are becoming an increasingly popular subject of research both in the Russian and global academic community. Thanks to the meticulous archival work of H. Holzhey, K.Ch. Köhnke, U. Sieg and other scientists, rich historical and philosophical dimension of this phenomenon has been discovered. As a result, neo-Kantianism is no longer read strictly through the prism of an (unsuccessful) attempt to scientize philosophy in the image of natural scientific knowledge. At the same time, it seems interesting to analyze this attempt from the point of view of its internal content. The object of this study is mainly H. Cohen’s “Das Princip der Infinitesimal-Methode und seine Geschichte”, conjugated with the historical and theoretical context of psychological discussions. The term “Cohen’s method” in its early temporal localization of the beginning of the 1880’s, we expand to the “Marburg method”. It is based on a functional interpretation of the process of cognition using the example of infinitesimal calculus. Despite the declared opposition to the psychological programs of philosophy, we believe that Cohen could not achieve this task at theoretical level. The intuitive definition of mathematical entities in general and the usage of a psychophysical mathematical model is an unsuccessful way of countering psychological programs of philosophy. At the same time, we believe that despite the outward exoticism of the philosopher’s conclusions, the desire to “dereify” and “denaturalize” the concept of reality finds full expression in his model, which is extremely important for the formation of the Marburg Neo-Kantianism. Reconstruction and comprehension of what we conditionally call \"the philosophy of mathematics of Hermann Cohen\" allows us to better understand the essence of the theoretical superstructure that he created over the form of mathematical derivation.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42736881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding the “Vernacular”: Between “Native Chickens”, Architectural “Peculiarity”, and “Living Religiosity” 理解“乡土”:在“土鸡”、建筑“独特性”和“生活宗教性”之间

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-121-131

E. Arinin, Maria S. Lyutaeva, M. Silantyeva

{"title":"Understanding the “Vernacular”: Between “Native Chickens”, Architectural “Peculiarity”, and “Living Religiosity”","authors":"E. Arinin, Maria S. Lyutaeva, M. Silantyeva","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-121-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-121-131","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the development of ideas about the ‘vernacular’ in Linguistics, Urban Planning, and Philosophy of Religion. It focuses on ‘living religiosity’ reflected in personal and group perceptions and practices embedded in language. This understanding has shown continuity since ancient times, with its first written records as ‘vernaculum’ used by Plautus, Cicero, and Varro to denote ‘home’, ‘native’, and ‘domestic’ as compared to ‘universal’ meaning ‘Roman’. In the Renaissance, the term acquires new connotations. These result from the then-emerging nation-states and the consequent need to translate the Bible into ‘vernacular’ (i.e., common, local) languages, on the one hand, and the idealization of Cicero’s Rome scented with an ‘inexplicable metropolitan aroma’ symbolically inherited by the new centers of influence across the globe – on the other. In the 19th century, researchers introduce the subculture of national ‘folklore’ (or ‘popular wisdom’) identified with a ‘folk religion’ (typical of grass-roots) colliding with an official lofty ‘theological religion’. To overcome the misrepresentation of such ‘folk’ religious manifestations in ethnography and folklore, scholars formulate the concept of ‘vernacular religion’ aimed to correctly reflect the dynamism of actual religious life, including both ‘ecclesiastical’ and ‘extra-church’ forms of religiosity. Accordingly, in a bid to avoid the stereotypical juxtaposition of the official vs. popular, or ‘pure’ vs. ‘spoiled’, which is still relevant for such terms as ‘sect’, ‘paganism’, ‘superstition’, ‘renegades’, enemies of the ‘dominant religion’, and alike as retaining negative interpretations, the authors point out the prospects of using the term ‘private religion’ coined by Alexander Panchenko.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46216890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kant’s Philosophy of Pure Reason as a Speculative Foresight of Cosmism, Virtualization and Artificial Intelligence (Transcendental Digitalism Contra Telluric Realism) 康德的纯粹理性哲学是宇宙主义、虚拟化和人工智能的思辨远见（超越数字主义与TelluriRealism）

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-201-209

V. Kutyrev

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引用次数: 0

Dawkins, Morality, and Religion Part II. The Trolley Problem 道金斯:《道德与宗教》第二部分。电车问题

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-98-110

A. Karabykov

引用次数: 0

The Influence of Confucianism on Formation Zeng Guo-fan’s System of Philosophical Views 儒家思想对曾国藩哲学观体系形成的影响

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-111-120

Ekaterina A. Konstantinova

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引用次数: 0