VOPROSY FILOSOFII最新文献

{"title":"Abkhazian Folklore as an Expression of the National Worldview","authors":"Vladimir Zantaria","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-210-216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-210-216","url":null,"abstract":"Every nation has proverbs, sayings, legends, and myths shaped by cultural tradi­tion and understood only by those who speak the language or are familiar with it. At the same time, alongside national and cultural experiences, folklore incorpo­rates a rational (mostly philosophical) interpretation of the reality that surrounds human. Worldview evolves over centuries, as a value system of perspectives on the surrounding world – a combination of ideas, concepts, and beliefs. The dis­tinct features of the Abkhazian national worldview are in many ways tied to vari­ous stages in the formation and development of the ethnic group, with the diverse dramatic events in its centuries-long struggle for survival and self-preservation. The goal of this article is to present the millennia-old experience of coexistence of the ancient people, encapsulated in various forms of Abkhaz folklore, using the Russian philosophical language, which in turn allows for the actualization of worldview constants of traditional Abkhaz wisdom in the contemporary Ab­khaz language, which even today regulates to a significant extent the everyday life of the Abkhaz ethnic group and the Republic of Abkhazia as a whole. The solution of this task gains particular significance against the background of intensifying globalization processes that, on one hand, blur the specificity of a people, eroding their traditional moral compass, and on the other hand, they stimulate the unveiling of modern philosophical meanings within traditional wisdom that enables the peo­ple to survive and maintain their identity in various historical conditions.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Are the Differences between Traditional Indian Epistemic Culture and Classical Western Epistemic Culture?","authors":"N. Kanaeva","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-139-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-139-149","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presented to the reader’s attention pursues two goals. The first is a substantiation of the productivity of the concept “epistemic culture” (hereinafter – EC) as a tool of historico-philosophical intercultural research by the example of its application to the interpretation of the meanings of Indian logico-epistemological texts. The second is a demonstration of differences in understanding the purposes and ideals of cognition in traditional Indian EC, and in the Western classical EC with its scientific orientation. Wholeness of the foundations of traditional theoretical knowledge in India, and the leading role of religion in the process of its elaboration (1) led to a different understanding of the aims (2) and ideals (3) of cognition than those which took shape in Western theoretical knowledge, and which became the basis of the scientific revolution of the XVII century. The absence of the concept of the Divine Reason in Indian culture also prevented the formation in EC of the concepts of absolute (4) and objective (5) truth, human reason (6) and rationality (7) as criteria for the truth results of cognition. Indian philosophers placed the superintelligent comprehension (anubhava, pratibhāsa) (8) of the supreme truth (paramārtha) at the top of the hierarchy of cognitive abilities. The eight listed features of the Indian EC determined significant differences in the orientations of civilizational development in India and in the West: invariable orientation to the life “according to dharma”, getting rid of the suffering of the material world – in the Indian civilization, and to a material prosperous life based on technogenic development – in the West from the modernity.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reason, Language, and Culture: Reading Al-Jābirī’s “Arab Reason” Concept Today","authors":"Andrey Smirnov","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-51-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-51-58","url":null,"abstract":"In his four-volume Critique of Arab Reason the late Moroccan philosopher Muḥammad ‘Ābid al-Jābirī (1935–2010) argues that human history witnessed “Greco-European” and “Arab” variants of reason, and not the single one. He challenges the confidence of philosophers in the universality of reason which disclosed itself in the course of European history. Reading al-Jābirī’s theory in Kantian optics will prove fruitful in view of significant number of observations accumulated in Arabic philosophical studies and directly related to the question of the type of rationality that grounds Arab-Muslim culture. The Arabic linguistic tradition bases itself not on the being of substance but on the flux of action. The indivisible segment of the Arabic speech is the flow of sound between the two “sides” (ḥ arf, pl. ḥ urūf). The copulative function ensures the gluing of the subject and predicate into a single statement due to the action of “leaning” (isnād) between them, which excludes the use of the “to be”-like copula and removes “being” from the list of the fundamental metaphysical categories. All Arabic words, with few exceptions, are “branches” growing from “roots” represented by names of actions. The “root – branches” (’aṣl – furū‘) model, developed by the representatives of the Arabic linguistic tradition and Islamic jurists, explains the diversity of Islamic culture which allows for direct contradictions, legitimizing them by tracing down to a single “root”, which contrasts with the law of contradiction fundamental to European rationality. Islamic ethics is concerned not with the moral perfection of a single substantial individual, but with maintaining a network of interactions between human being and God and between members of society, constituting society not as a hierarchy of strata and classes, but as multiple networks of interactions. The concept of the “Arab reason” by al-Jābirī, read in Kantian optics on the basis of the achievements of philosophical Arabic studies, allows to substantiate the hypothesis of the plurality of types of rationality developed through the history of humankind.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Imaginary Dialogue between Aristotle and Pascal about the Greatness and Nothingness of Man","authors":"Marina Grigoreva","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-115-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-115-123","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the fact that the time interval separating the lives of Aristotle and Pascal is extremely long, antiquity was for the national genius of France a source of re­newed inspiration, to which memory returns and reason turns. Pascal’s belief that “all human dignity lies in thought” was previously expressed by Aristotle: “the activity of the mind is significant… reason in comparison with man is something divine”, this means that, on the one hand, a reasonable life is natural for a person and makes him a man par excellence, and on the other hand, a rea­sonable life, exalting a person, elevates him to the status of a sage. The article examines the arguments of two thinkers about the nature of reason, expressed in the writings “Nicomachean ethics” and “Thoughts” and developed as a result into teachings that directly affect the problems of being and the search for good. In search of an answer to the question of the highest good, philosophers have proposed different solutions, so it is not surprising that, driven by the desire to achieve genuine happiness, Aristotle and Pascal come to contradictory conclu­sions. According to Pascal, greatness does not consist in following one extreme, but in reaching both and filling the space between them with your presence. The purpose of the study is to recognize a common concept in the differences between Aristotle and Pascal.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation of Meanings in the Dialogue of Philosophical Cultures of Russia and Europe","authors":"A. Berdnikova","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-111-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-111-121","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is a study of the problem of “civilizational consciousness”, according to which people of a particular country (for example, Russia) bear a collective mentality, different in its properties and characteristics to the mentality of other civilizations. The main aim of the paper is to observe the problem of determin­ing the boundaries of Russian national self-consciousness through the prism of identifying the limits of translation of different terms in the context of inter­cultural dialogue, which corresponds with constructing solutions for numerous issues and global challenges of modernity, and could be interpreted as an in­dicator of the scientific and practical relevance of this type of research for a wide range of humanities and social sciences. The author demonstrates that the methodological foundations for accomplishing a set of objectives formu­lated within the framework of the suchlike research of the collective mentality (e.g., of the Russian civilization) could be derived from the specific interdisci­plinary direction – the “history of concepts”, with the orientation towards studying the features of the development and functioning of any cultural and civilizational community through the understanding of the language, in which this community was formed and continues the process of its evolution. Through the comprehensive historical and philosophical analysis of the applicability of the “history of concepts” methodology in its relation to the problem of trans­lation of meanings (including the question of the limits of translatability of spe­cific terms from one language to another), the author demonstrates the me­chanism of translation of philosophical meanings developed in the West and continued its development in Russia.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worlds of Consciousness in the Context of Multiverse Conceptions","authors":"Helena Knyazeva","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-128-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-128-133","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the idea of the plurality of worlds of human consciousness and animal psyche from the perspective of the conception of enactivism, philo­sophical phenomenology and complexity theory. It is shown that the multiversal­ity of consciousness can be associated not only with its different states (sleep, wakefulness, extreme and altered states, personal and transpersonal experience), but also with the interweaving of perceptual and mental activity, the work of vi­sual thinking and various types of intuition, embodied and situational determina­tion of consciousness, the individual coloring of the phenomenal experience of consciousness, the ways of embedding individual cognitive worlds into an en­vironment that provides certain opportunities (affordances), the pairing of indi­vidual worlds with the emergence of intersubjectivity, the empathic experience of oneself as another (others), with the recognition and creation of meanings in cognitive and creative activity. The currently popular position of epistemolo­gical constructivism adds additional emphasis to the justification of the unpre­giveness and cyclical determination of the external and internal for human con­sciousness, the relative indistinguishability of the perceived, conceivable, partly even fictitious and the real.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"АНЬ ЦИНЯНЬ. Новое осевое время и И.Т. Фролов – Исследование нового гуманизма И.Т. Фролова. Пекин: The Commercial Press, 2023. 447 с.","authors":"Galina Belkina, M. Frolova","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-217-219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-217-219","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Digitalization on the Practice of Scientific Prevision: the Main Effects and Risks","authors":"Sofia Pirozhkova","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-160-170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-160-170","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalization and its impact on the practices of scientific prevision and everyday predictive practices, as well as on the strategies of scientific and everyday cogni­tion, is a problem that is increasingly widely discussed both in scientific circles and on public platforms. The article clarifies what is meant by the process of dig­italization and how it turns out in relation to scientific activity. It’s substantiated that the rapid progress of forecasting as a strategy of scientific foresight over the last century is due to both the growth of the capabilities of applied mathemat­ics and the departure from the modern project of science as unlimited in its pre­dictive capabilities. As a result, obtaining predictions based on laws is supple­mented, and in some areas, replaced by the practice of prevision “beyond the limit of predictability” – by identifying quasi-regularities based on empirical information characterizing the behavior of the object. Despite the fact that pre­dictive activity is formed primarily by quantitative methods, by the 1970s their limitations in the field of social processes are recognized. The limitations are due to the complexity of collecting and, as a consequence, the lack of empirical in­formation, and digitalization leads to a better representation of social processes by fixing their course in the digital environment. All this information can be ac­cumulated and processed thanks to big data technologies, which leads to the emer­gence of a computational social science project. It is shown that this project is in­tegrated into a broader theoretical and cognitive initiative of the new empiricism, which calls for abandoning theories as a less effective way of ordering empirical information and moving from actual facts to the facts of possible experience, re­placing them with more effective – calculations based on big data. The existing arguments against the ideas of new empiricism are analyzed, and it is concluded that in addition to big data, other risks associated with the use of artificial intelli­gence in scientific cognition should be analyzed.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141843944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Прогресс в социогуманитарной перспективе / Под ред. О.Е. Столяровой. М.: Русское общество истории и философии науки, 2022. 145 с.","authors":"Natalya Pogozhina","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-219-221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-219-221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crisis of Theory and Practice of Human Rights Activities","authors":"Aleksandr Shchipkov","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-17-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-17-28","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores problem of the liberal rights and freedoms conceptualization and crisis of the human rights institutions legitimacy, the prospects for theory and practice of the modern defense of human rights. The author believes the human rights institutions to be currently in crisis mode because of their inability to overcome their dependence on the liberal doctrine of rights and freedoms being innate. This doctrine was imposed on the society as the only valid ideology that does not need any scientific verification or ethical mediation and basically is a quasi-religious phenomenon. Today the defense of human rights is the enforcement authority and a political subsystem, as it legitimates and delegitimates political subjects. The human rights institutions can retain their role in society by overcoming their dependence on liberal and other ideologies, abandoning the obsolete enlightenment concept of innate rights and acknowledging the priority of morality in the society.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}