VOPROSY FILOSOFII最新文献_第6页

Антропологический поворот современной философии (Обзор международной научной конференции) 当代哲学中的人类学转向（国际科学会议综述）

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-212-216

N.N. Rostova

引用次数: 0

Desacralization of the Political: from Scholasticism to Modernity? 政治的去神圣化：从经院主义到现代性？

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-100-110

Victor Levytskiy

{"title":"Desacralization of the Political: from Scholasticism to Modernity?","authors":"Victor Levytskiy","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-100-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-100-110","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the influence of the political thought of late scholasticism on the formation of the secular political regime of Modernity. The author shows two research approaches that differently assess the influence of medieval political doctrines on the formation of modern political culture. Representatives of the first approach (E. Gilson, A. Gewirth, Q. Skinner) tend to see in the works of such authors as Dante, Marsilius of Padua and Ockham, if not the direct origins of ideas about a secular political regime, then at least conceptual models that allowed such ideas to appear. Representatives of the second approach (A. Black, J. Canning, A. Brett, B. Klyuchko, Yu. Sokolov), appealing to the anachronism of reading scholastic texts through the prism of modern conceptualism, either directly deny such influence or propose to refer to it with major limitations. To clarify this issue, the author turns to the analysis of the political ontology of Dante, Marsilius of Padua and Ockham. Innovations that were proposed by these authors in the matter of understanding the purpose, source and subject of political existence are explicated. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that in late scholasticism a view of political reality was proposed, which made it possible to see in it an immanent, self-valuable nature. Accordingly, the statement about the connection between the political thought of late scholasticism and modern political a priori is not unfounded.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychological Roots of Neo-Kantian Anti-Psychologism. Critical Reception of B. Russell 新康德反心理学的心理学根源。B. 罗素的批判性接受

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-23-33

Alexey Pertsev

{"title":"Psychological Roots of Neo-Kantian Anti-Psychologism. Critical Reception of B. Russell","authors":"Alexey Pertsev","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-23-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-23-33","url":null,"abstract":"The present text is a continuation of the article “Psychological Roots of Neo-Kantian Anti-Psychologism. Problem Statement” published in Voprosy Filosofii (No. 4, 2024). The named article examined the theoretical and conceptual integration of early Neo-Kantianism (represented by H. Cohen) with the psychological program of philosophy. The subject of the present article is the critical reception of Cohen’s conclusions by B. Russell. An important historical-philosophical basis for such an analysis appears to be §2 of “The Method of the Principle of Infinitesimals”, as well as the reaction to these conclusions expressed by B. Russell in “The Principles of Mathematics”. We believe that his critique is important not only because it shows the essential relationship between the positions of Cohen and Fechner, but also because it offers an independent philosophical alternative. Thus, important for the present topic, the difference between the concepts of “stretch” and “distance” has direct relevance to Fechner’s dichotomy of stimulus and sensation and precedes a productive transition to sets (stretches) from simple scalar quantities. The elegant solution contained in the works of A. Meinong becomes an important intermediary for understanding Russell’s position on the “reality” of the infinitesimal without regard to whether this reality is expressed by means of psychophysics or Cohenian transcendentalism. The insensitivity of Cohen’s epistemology to important aspects of mathematical theory, as well as the study of these aspects, is an undeservedly neglected circumstance, the recourse to which will enrich our understanding of the psychological program of philosophy and the evolution of scientific discourse at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Theory Neutral Qualia? 中性质点理论？

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-125-130

Maxim D. Gorbachev

{"title":"Theory Neutral Qualia?","authors":"Maxim D. Gorbachev","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-125-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-125-130","url":null,"abstract":"One of the central questions for contemporary philosophy of mind can be considered to be the question of the status of what is commonly called phenomenal consciousness or qualia. Any theory of consciousness must offer an explanation of phenomenality, which poses hard problem for researchers. However, it is not hard to see that such a formulation of the problem may be biased toward theories that deny that phenomenal consciousness has any characteristics, which poses the very difficult problem that cannot be solved by the ways of describing physical reality that we know. To avoid such bias, it is sometimes said that it is necessary to present a theory neutral explanandum, the existence of which would be agreed upon by all parties of the discussion. Such an object, as conceived, should, on the one hand, preserve some of the basic certainties of our experience, which are implied in the first place when we talk about phenomenal consciousness. And on the other hand, it should contain nothing that inherently inclines us toward any particular strategy of explanation. A separate problem, however, is whether it is possible in principle to propose such a neutral explanandum in the context of the question of the nature and features of phenomenal consciousness.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nagarjuna’s Ontology: Relativism, Paradox at the Limits of Thought vs Consistent Unity of Emptiness and Dependent Arising 龙树的本体论：相对主义、思维极限的悖论与空性和依存产生的一致统一性

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-150-160

Irina Urbanaeva

{"title":"Nagarjuna’s Ontology: Relativism, Paradox at the Limits of Thought vs Consistent Unity of Emptiness and Dependent Arising","authors":"Irina Urbanaeva","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-150-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-150-160","url":null,"abstract":"The article contains a critical analysis of relativistic “readings” of Nagarjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (MMK) – approaches in which emptiness is identified with dependent arising, and Nagarjuna’s Madhyamaka appears as a synonym for relativity (Fyodor I. Shcherbatskoy, David J. Kalupahana, Shi Huifeng), emptiness – as an auxiliary means for purifying relative reality (Tao Jiang). Jay Garfield and Graham Priest, analyzing the emptiness of emptiness from the perspective of dialetheism, come to the conclusion about the existence of the ontological paradox of Nagarjuna, which means the identity of two realities – absolute and relative. Thus, Madhyamaka is reduced to relativism, albeit in a more subtle form, by considering the “true contradictions” at the limits of thought. The author of the article, relying on Tibetan texts (Heart Sutra, MMK, works of Aryadeva, Buddhapalita, Chandrakirti, Tsongkhapa), proves the fallacy of these attempts to ontologically relativize Madhyamaka. To understand the ontological specificity of Madhyamaka, it is important to understand both the difference between the two truths in this teaching and their specific unity as two ontological reverses of any object, and not as two realities or two domains of reality or two truths in the Western tradition.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conceptual Five-membered Lists in the Tradition of Yoga Philosophy 瑜伽哲学传统中的概念五元表

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-161-171

Andrei Paribok

{"title":"Conceptual Five-membered Lists in the Tradition of Yoga Philosophy","authors":"Andrei Paribok","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-161-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-161-171","url":null,"abstract":"The article treats the identification of a fundamental methodological feature peculiar to the classical Indian philosophy and Indian theoretical thinking in general. The example of the tradition of yoga philosophy (yoga-darshana) is used. These are lists of terms, always more than two-membered, that together cover a certain thematical area. The material of the article consists of five five-membered lists. First, three methodological guidelines of the researcher of the yoga tradition are considered, which are thought to be prerequisites of any remarcable success. It is stated that they are mostly ignored. Further, a statement is made based on Nyāya classical author (Paksilalasvāmin) that these lists represent a key feature in the organization of the Indian systematic text. The factor preventing the elaboration and application of such lists in the European tradition of thinking is briefly considered. It comes out to be the distinction between concepts and judgments and an obvious limitation of judgments by the dichotomy of affirmative and negative. Indian thought, on the contrary, elaborated a theory of “mind contents” (jñāna) without any distinction of concepts and judgements. The common field of the two methodological techniques, viz. the concept definition and conceptual enumeration is exemplified. On its basis, five conceptual lists of the yoga tradition are interpreted with the identification of their uniform formal structure: modes of intentionality (citta); events of intentionality (cittavrtti); “afflictions” (kleśa) i.e. unavoidable impediments to the goals of yoga; factors of meditation (dhyāna) and indispensable behavioral self-limitations of a yogin (yama). It is argued that such lists are just an example of the application of a common Indian methodological technique.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychology of Hermann Cohen 赫尔曼-科恩的心理学

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-124-134

Vladimir Belov

{"title":"Psychology of Hermann Cohen","authors":"Vladimir Belov","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-124-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-6-124-134","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an analysis of the psychology of the founder of Marburg Neo-Kantianism, Hermann Cohen, that was never formalized into a completed essay. Nevertheless, the philosopher addressed the topic of the place and role of psychology in the philosophical system many times, both in his lecture courses and in his numerous publications, several times declared his desire to write a separate work on psychology, but never realized his plan. The author of the article emphasizes the idea of the need to distinguish between the German philosopher’s attitude to psychology and psychologism. Rejecting the latter, Cohen never doubted the importance of psychology as a science, and constantly and intensely searched for its true place in the system of philosophy. Carrying out the task of getting rid of psychologism, Cohen sought to completely purify his theory of knowledge, as a foundation of philosophy as a whole, from any psychological connotations. He tried to draw a clear boundary between empirical and transcendental consciousness, completely depsychologizing the meaning of Kant’s unity of consciousness. According to Cohen, he managed to do this in relation to all parts of his philosophical system, that is, of logic, ethics and aesthetics, but a higher unity of consciousness was required, that could unite these three independent unities. The German philosopher saw such an opportunity for the true completion of a philosophical system and the achievement of true unity of consciousness precisely in psychology. In fact, according to Cohen’s plan, the final synthesis of the system was to be carried out, which could not be produced within the framework of any specific science. The task, apparently, was overwhelming. It remained so in the works of the outstanding German philosopher.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Power of Ethics: The Enduring (to the Anniversary of Abdusalam Guseynov) 道德的力量：经久不衰（纪念阿卜杜萨拉姆-古谢诺夫诞辰一百周年）

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-81-89

Svetlana Klimova

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引用次数: 0

E.Iu. Soloviev and the Completeness of Philosophical Discourse E.Iu.索洛维耶夫与哲学话语的完整性

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-90-99

Lora Ryskeldiyeva

{"title":"E.Iu. Soloviev and the Completeness of Philosophical Discourse","authors":"Lora Ryskeldiyeva","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-90-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-90-99","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the great anniversary of Erich Iurievich Soloviev, who wrote a brilliant article on how to write good articles. The author is aware of her responsibility, but still makes an attempt to reconstruct all parts of the philosophical heritage of the hero of the day, believing that it expresses a complete philosophical discourse. As a theorist, the hero of the day is presented as a historian of philosophy and as a philosopher of law. The semantic unity of his researches is provided by the teaching of I. Kant. A recognized master of analysis and interpretation of philosophical texts, E.Iu. Soloviev sees the Kantian heritage as a tool for interpreting the pressing problems of our reality and convincingly proves the relevance of the thesis about the complementarity of morality and law. In the practical part of philosophical discourse, E.Iu. Soloviev is presented as an actor whose textual action is carried out in a deontological context. With the expressions “lesson” and “student-like”, the imperative “have the courage to think for yourself”, as well as a personalistic conviction in the possibilities of the reasoning of each of us, the hero of the day participates in the age of Enlightenment as a long-running process and gives us hope for the future of Reason. If we accept M. Mamardashvili’s thesis on the importance of the “metaphysical aposteriori”, then E.Iu. Soloviev’s metaphysics can be derived from his reconstruction of M.A. Voloshin’s poetry’s fundamental meaning. The characterization of the hero of the day as a Mentor, consisting of his ability and desire to listen and hear, sincere and rare nowadays interest in the personality of the interlocutor, as well as the perlocutive effect of his texts – a tribute to the author of the article Erich Iurievich Soloviev.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Specifics of Expert Activity in Modern Applied Science (Review of Survey Results) 现代应用科学中专家活动的具体内容（调查结果回顾）

IF 0.2 4区哲学

VOPROSY FILOSOFII Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-211-218

B. Pruzhinin, Evgeny Zhuravel

{"title":"Specifics of Expert Activity in Modern Applied Science (Review of Survey Results)","authors":"B. Pruzhinin, Evgeny Zhuravel","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-211-218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-211-218","url":null,"abstract":"Expertise, the most important component of modern scientific knowledge, is an extremely complex, multifunctional phenomenon in which both social and cognitive attitudes are intertwined.As part of the study of the specifics of expert activity in modern science, in which the body of applied knowledge is rapidly growing, clarifying the epistemological assessment and meaning of the use of expertise by scientists themselves acquires a special role.The implementers of the project “Expertise as an epistemological phenomenon in the context of distinguishing between fundamental and applied attitudes in science”, supported by the Russian Science Foundation, together with the editors of the journal “Voprosy Filosofii” and representatives of the Publishing House “Ore and Metals”, who organize the activities of four journals in different directions (“Gornyi Zhurnal”, “Obogashchenie Rud”, “Tsvetnye Metally”, “Chernye Metally”), developed a questionnaire dedicated to expert activities.Members of the editorial boards of the above-mentioned journals were required to anonymously answer six questions, indicating their field of science or professional interests, as well as their academic degree and title. Below is an overview of the survey results.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0