Clinical Neuropsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Long-Term Diagnostic Stability of Autism Before the Concept of Spectrum: An Italian Hub-Center Experience.","authors":"Valentina Iannuzzi, Virginia Giuberti, Debora Formisano, Michele Poletti","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250202","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The diagnosis of autism is considered more longitudinally stable compared to other diagnoses for children and adolescents, although significant heterogeneity in longitudinal outcomes emerges between studies based on temporal intervals and diagnostic instruments. The introduction of the concept of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) by DSM-5 may have impacted diagnostic stability. The current study aimed to investigate the longitudinal diagnostic stability of different diagnoses of autism according to the ICD-10 diagnostic system before the institutional move towards the utilization of a unique ASD diagnosis according to DSM-5.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective study based on medical records and the ELEA electronic database was performed on children attending the Autism Center of the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service of the Azienda USL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy, from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2015. Diagnostic stability was evaluated according to the diagnosis at follow-up, which was set at 10 years from baseline or December 31, 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 380 children were included at baseline, and 341 were included at follow-up (with a mean temporal interval of 8.74 ± 2.7 years). Among them, 251 individuals maintained a diagnosis within the F84 spectrum, resulting in a diagnostic stability of 73.6%. Specifically, diagnostic stability was 79.8% for the F84.0 diagnosis and 68.2% for the F84.9 diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Before the adoption of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD, ICD-10 diagnoses related to autism were relatively stable in the long run, with an 8-year follow-up. The next step is to assess the longitudinal diagnostic stability of ASD after the adoption of DSM-5 criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 2","pages":"121-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12090368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capgras Syndrome in Popular Media: A Cinematic Exploration in Kinds of Kindness (2024).","authors":"Francesco Brigo","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250207","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 2","pages":"165-166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12090369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metacognition and Personality Functioning Levels as Mediators Between Maladaptive Personality Traits and Risk of Gambling Problems in a Non-Clinical Sample.","authors":"Roberto Pedone","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250205","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the role of metacognition and personality functioning levels as mediators in the relationship between maladaptive personality traits and the risk of problematic gambling (PG) within a non-clinical adult sample.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional design was employed with 619 participants who completed self-report questionnaires assessing maladaptive personality traits, metacognitive abilities, personality functioning levels, and gambling-related behaviors. Instruments included the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the Assessment of DSM-IV Personality Disorders, the Metacognition Self-Assessment Scale, and the Levels of Personality Functioning Scale-Self Report. Data were analyzed using linear regression and serial mediation analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that the risk of PG was positively associated with maladaptive personality traits, particularly Antisocial, Narcissistic, and Borderline traits, and negatively associated with metacognitive abilities and personality functioning levels. Serial mediation analyses demonstrated that metacognitive functions, especially Critical Distance and Self-Reflexivity, along with personality functioning levels, mediated the relationship between maladaptive personality traits and PG risk. Notably, in individuals with pronounced Cluster B traits, metacognition alone served as the primary mediator, while in those with Cluster C traits, the mediation effect involved both metacognitive abilities and personality functioning levels, indicating a dual mediation pathway. These findings highlight distinct mechanisms across personality profiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results underscore the critical role of metacognition and personality functioning in linking maladaptive personality traits to the risk of PG. Clinically, these findings suggest that interventions enhancing specific metacognitive abilities, such as perspective-taking and self-reflection, along with addressing impairments in personality functioning, could mitigate the risk of problematic gambling. These insights contribute to the development of tailored therapeutic strategies for preventing and managing gambling-related behaviors in at-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 2","pages":"149-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12090372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Approach for the Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Support for the NPI-13 Brief Version and Evidence Based on Relations to Other Variables.","authors":"Rossella Bottaro, Giuseppe Craparo, Palmira Faraci","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250203","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) is the most commonly used psychometric instrument for assessing narcissistic traits in the general population. Despite its widespread adoption, various factorial structures have been proposed. The present study aimed to provide new evidence for the NPI factorial solution using the not-yet-explored Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) approach and to improve understanding of its relationship with other variables.<i>Method</i>:We administered the NPI along with measures of anxiety, depression, stress, self-esteem, and loneliness to 583 participants (50.8% male, M age = 30.96, SD = 12.12) in a survey online. We compared confirmatory factor analyses and ESEMs for both the long and brief versions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The NPI-13 ESEM model was the optimal fitting model (ꭓ2=72.060, df = 42, CFI = 0.979, TLI = 0.961, RMSEA = .035 [.021-.049]) also for its bifactorial solution. Moreover, our findings supported the evidence based on relations to other variables for the NPI-13.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, our results argued the use of a multidimensional brief version of the NPI and supported the ESEM's advantages for explaining the factorial structure of complex psychological constructs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 2","pages":"125-140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12090371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy for Functional Somatic Disorders: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Allan Abbass, Behnia Haghiri","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250201","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Functional somatic disorders (FSD) are extremely common amongst neuropsychiatric and other specialty medicine referrals. Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) is an emotionally focused form of brief therapy that has been researched and developed specifically for the diagnostic assessment and treatment of FSD, amongst other conditions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this publication, we review the ISTDP theoretical underpinnings, the diagnostic assessment, treatment approach and evidence base.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There are now over 50 publications evaluating ISTDP and its effect and processes in FSD. It has been demonstrated efficacious for the spectrum of functional somatic disorders, including chronic pain, functional gastrointestinal disorders, and functional neurological disorders among others. It has further been found more effective than cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of chronic pain. Further there is evidence that it is cost-effective in treating these conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ISTDP is a broadly useful clinical tool in the assessment and treatment of FSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 2","pages":"111-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12090373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Van Gogh'S Puzzling Diagnosis: Reflecting on the Fuzzy Boundaries of DSM Syndromes.","authors":"Liliana Dell'Osso, Daniela Toschi, Barbara Carpita, Giulia Amatori","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250206","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>An increasing body of literature suggests that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exists along a continuum, with higher prevalence among individuals affected by other mental disorders.Vincent van Gogh, one of the most universally celebrated artists and a timeless icon, may provide a compelling case for exploring the role of autism spectrum in the development of psychopathological trajectory throughout life. The present report debates the possibility that van Gogh's ASD contributed both to his frenetic artistic production and his severe mental illness, ultimately complicated by catatonia and to his premature death.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The analysis is based on a review of scientific papers, biographies, artwork, and van Gogh's extensive correspondence (902 letters, including 820 to his brother Theo), along with numerous contemporary eye-witness accounts. Throughout the psychobiographical exploration of van Gogh's life, we reference a series of historical elements that align with DSM-5-TR ASD criteria (APA, 2022). Rather than imposing a rigid categorical diagnosis, we use these criteria to highlight the transdiagnostic nature of his symptoms, acknowledging the limitations of modern nosology when applied to historical figures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study reconstructs a hypothetical illness trajectory for van Gogh, originating from ASD and culminating in severe catatonia, followed by his premature death whose cause remains unclear. We also address potential comorbidities (e.g., bipolar disorder, substance use), emphasizing the non-specific, transdiagnostic features of many psychopathological symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We propose Vincent van Gogh as a potential prototypical case of ASD with catatonia, as described in DSM-5-TR (2022), in an adult without intellectual impairment or language developmental delays. This retrospective hypothesis underscores the complexities of retrospective diagnosis and the possible weaknesses of strictly categorical models, given the overlapping nature of neurodevelopmental, affective, and psychotic symptoms in real-world clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 2","pages":"160-164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12090370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) in Overeating and Increased Body Mass Index (BMI): An Umbrella Review.","authors":"Nikolaos Liaskopoulos, Andreas S Lappas, Myrto T Samara, Nikolaos Christodoulou","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250104","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review of reviews aims to investigate the effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods, i.e., transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), in reducing elevated body mass index (BMI) and overeating behavior (food cravings, binge eating, increased food consumption). Systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the English language were included. A search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE until January 2024. The quality of all included reviews was assessed using the \"A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews\" (AMSTAR-2). Quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers, while all reviewers participated equally in article synthesis. Twenty-four systematic reviews were included, most of which show promising results regarding the effectiveness of NIBS on overeating and increased BMI . For weight reduction, rTMS is more effective, and tDCS can improve food cravings and food consumption. However, the critically low quality of most included studies and the heterogeneity of the intervention parameters are strong limitations against drawing any safe conclusions. More studies are needed with stable NIBS parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"40-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Development and Validation of the Inventory of Goals and Anti-Goals.","authors":"Giuseppe Femia, Isabella Federico, Guyonne Rogier, Francesca D'Olimpio, Francesco Mancini, Andrea Gragnani","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250108","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The clinical and empirical investigation of the role of investment in goals and anti-goals is limited by the lack of an easy-to-use tool. This is critical, as psychopathology, and specifically pathological personality, is characterized by an overinvestment in goals and anti-goals, rigidity in these investments and, consequently, by a poor existential plan that generates suffering and resistance to change. To develop a preliminary version of a self-report questionnaire measuring investment levels in goals and anti-goals, described as core features of the most common psychopathological conditions. To test the factorial structure of the tool and examine preliminary data on its construct validity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The Inventory of Goals and Anti-Goals (IGAG) was developed. A total of 572 participants (Mage= 33.05 years; SD= 10.01; 61.62 % females), including community participants (n =424) and patients (n =148), was asked to complete a battery of questionnaires including the IGAG, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and the Symptom-Checklist-90-Revised. Exploratory factor analysis, Mann-Whitney U tests and correlations were computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses identified an eight-factor structure and significant differences between groups on several factors. IGAG scores were largely significantly and positively correlated with the PID-5 and SCL-90-R in the expected directions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The IGAG appears to be a promising instrument for both research and clinical practice. Results suggest a strong relationship between overinvestment in goals and anti-goals and psychopathology. Several limitations necessitate future modifications of its content and additional efforts for validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"99-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multimethod Psychometric Approach to Analyse the Profile of Mental Functioning ‒ M Axis of the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, 2nd Edition (Pdm-2): A Focus on Cluster B Personality Disorders.","authors":"Alessio Gori, Eleonora Topino, Laura Muzi, Vittorio Lingiardi, Giovanni Stanghellini","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250105","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Within the realm of international diagnostic systems, the <i>Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual - 2nd edition</i> (PDM-2) stands out as a particularly effective instrument for evaluating mental functioning based on a psychodynamic perspective. This research aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the M Axis and to investigate the dynamics among its 12 capacities for individuals with Cluster B personality disorders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 285 psychotherapists who regularly use the PDM-2 in their professional practice was involved in this research. The collected data were analysed using an integrated approach combining factor and network analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The factor analytic approach supported the strong psychometric properties of the M Axis for the 4-factor model. Good indications of internal consistency emerged, along with evidence of both convergent and divergent validity. The network analysis approach suggested that the psychotherapists perceived the capacity for mentalization and reflective functioning as the most influential one within the network of capacities in Cluster B personality disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The M Axis emerged as a psychometrically solid assessment measure with strong theoretical and empirical bases, which can provide valuable support for enhancing both research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"53-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) on Cognitive Functioning in Individuals with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).","authors":"Noa Beiman, Renana Eitan, Doron Todder, Eldad Keha, Eyal Kalanthroff","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250107","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children, often persisting into adulthood. It is characterized by two symptom domains: impulsivity and inattention, both associated with underlying neural and cognitive deficiencies. This study is the first toinvestigate the potential effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the left DLPFC on cognitive functions related to both symptom domains in adults with ADHD compared to typically developed controls.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This pre-registered clinical trial enrolled 55 participants, 25 of whom were diagnosed with ADHD. Participants completed a series of cognitive tasks before and after receiving either tDCS or sham treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the ADHD group, tDCS treatment improved measures associated with inattention,but not measures related to impulsivity. In the control group, tDCS treatment had no benefits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The discrepancy in treatment response observed between inattentive and impulsivesymptoms has implications for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of ADHD. Our findings offer new evidence supporting the positive impact of tDCS on cognitive functions linked to inattention.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}