Clinical Neuropsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"The Evolutionary Psychopathology of Human Pair-Bonding.","authors":"Riadh Abed, Paul St John-Smith","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260404","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evolutionary psychiatry views biological systems as evolved functional adaptations shaped by selection to promote survival and reproductive success (Darwinian fitness). However, even functional systems can malfunction under certain conditions resulting in pathological and psychopathological states. We argue that the human mating system based on pair-bonding and biparental investment is a fundamental human, species-typical characteristic that is supported by a bundle of evolved psychological adaptations. Here we describe a framework for understanding the biological roots of a subsection of recognised mental disorders as psychopathologies of the Human Mating System. We propose that this framework illuminates why such psychopathologies exist and why they present in the way they do. The framework also explains why such disorders are not found in species with alternative mating systems including those phylogenetically close to <i>Homo sapiens</i>. We argue that such functional, phylogenetic approaches can serve as a template for the understanding of range of other psychopathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"23 4","pages":"337-348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13519274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 16th Century Description of a Ritualized Avoidance Behavior.","authors":"Francesco Brigo","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260407","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"23 4","pages":"370-371"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13519271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Assessment of the Vietnamese Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey and Associated Factors Among Health Sciences Students.","authors":"Tuyen Do Quang, Hanh Hoang Duc, Tam Ngo Thi, Linh Huynh Ngoc, Dat Ngo Minh, Thanh Nguyen Hoang","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260403","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Burnout among health sciences students has been increasingly recognized as an important psychological and educational challenge associated with students' mental health, academic engagement, and professional development. This study aimed to examine the psychometric performance and contextual applicability of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS) and to identify demographic, academic, behavioral, and psychological factors associated with burnout-related dimensions among Vietnamese health sciences students.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 765 undergraduate students from Hanoi Medical University and the School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University during the 2022 to 2023 academic years. Burnout was assessed using the 15-item MBI-SS. The Vietnamese version of the MBI-SS underwent forward translation, back-translation, expert review, and pilot testing to evaluate semantic and contextual equivalence prior to data collection. Resilience, occupational self-efficacy, physical activity, and academic characteristics were also evaluated. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analyses, Spearman correlation analyses, and multivariate Tobit regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MBI-SS demonstrated acceptable overall internal consistency and reasonably adequate factorial validity, with Cronbach's α = 0.81, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure = 0.887, Comparative Fit Index = 0.903, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.882, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.087, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.069. Exploratory factor analysis supported a modified three-factor structure consisting of Emotional Exhaustion, Academic Efficacy, and Learning Engagement, explaining 62.6% of the total variance. Subscale reliability coefficients were 0.900 for Emotional Exhaustion, 0.774 for Academic Efficacy, and 0.772 for Learning Engagement. The two-item Learning Engagement factor demonstrated an inter-item correlation of 0.629 and a Spearman-Brown coefficient of 0.772. Lower academic performance and lower resilience were associated with higher Emotional Exhaustion. Higher resilience and occupational self-efficacy were positively associated with Academic Efficacy and Learning Engagement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Vietnamese version of the MBI-SS demonstrated acceptable psychometric performance and a reasonably adequate context-specific three-factor structure among health sciences students. Burnout-related dimensions were associated with academic performance, resilience, occupational self-efficacy, physical activity, and training stage, highlighting the multifactorial nature of psychological distress and academic functioning in health sciences education.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"23 4","pages":"326-336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13519272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning the Boundary Between Involvement and Severity: A Multi-Target Machine-Learning Analysis of Emotion Dysregulation, Impulsivity, Gambling Involvement, and Problem Severity in Psychiatric Outpatients.","authors":"Alfredo Gioacchino MariaPio Vecchio, Nicole Dalia Cilia, Giuseppe Maniaci, Adriano Schimmenti, Antonino Costanzo","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260401","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Machine-learning studies on gambling have mostly relied on behavioral or account-based data from online gambling platforms. This study examined whether clinical-demographic and psychometric variables could predict past-year gambling involvement and gambling-related problem severity in psychiatric outpatients, and whether predictability varied across target formulations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The analytic sample included 340 psychiatric outpatients; 174 reported gambling in the previous 12 months. Predictors included sociodemographic and clinical variables, psychiatric indicators, recent substance and alcohol use, emotion dysregulation, and impulsivity. Five supervised machine-learning formulations were tested: binary past-year gambling involvement, a three-class involvement/problem-risk stratification in the full cohort, four-class severity classification among past-year gamblers, continuous severity regression among gamblers, and full-cohort continuous severity regression with and without the past-year gambling indicator. Up to 17 classification and 15 regression estimators were compared across ten repeated stratified 80/20 train/test splits, with preprocessing fitted on training data only.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Predictive performance varied by target formulation. As expected, binary past-year gambling involvement showed the highest predictive performance, with the best model reaching macro F1 = 0.654 and ROC AUC = 0.707. The three-class formulation showed lower performance, macro F1 = 0.465, and the four-class severity task among gamblers was limited, macro F1 = 0.340. Continuous severity prediction among gamblers was weak across estimators. In the full-cohort regression, retaining the past-year gambling indicator improved rank-based performance, whereas removing it substantially reduced the signal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In psychiatric outpatients, clinical-demographic and psychometric variables appeared more informative for identifying past-year gambling involvement than for estimating fine-grained gambling-related problem severity. Clinically, this pattern supports a stepped assessment approach: asking about gambling directly in routine psychiatric assessment and, when gambling is present, evaluating gambling-related consequences, impaired control, and functional impact rather than inferring severity from broader clinical features.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"23 4","pages":"299-317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13519275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Evolutionary Psychiatry Can Help us Prevent Overmedicalisation.","authors":"Annie Swanepoel, Henry O'Connell, Paul St John Smith","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260405","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overmedicalisation in the treatment of mental health problems occurs when normal emotional responses are inappropriately framed as disorders requiring primarily pharmacological intervention, or when social and environmental contributors to distress are overlooked in favour of a narrowly biological model. Critically, this risk is not confined to biological psychiatry: psychotherapeutic models are equally capable of framing ordinary human distress as requiring professional intervention. Evolutionary psychiatry (EP) broadens the scope of the standard biopsychosocial model to consider both individual level (ontogenetic) and species level (phylogenetic) development of emotional and psychological phenomena and associated behaviours. By understanding that many psychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety, low mood and hypervigilance, have phylogenetic roots as adaptive responses to ancestral environments, clinicians can better distinguish between normal variation and disabling or disorder-level pathology. EP also illuminates how mismatches between evolved psychological mechanisms and modern environments contribute to distress, suggesting non-pharmacological interventions may often be more effective. At the same time, the evolutionary criterion for distinguishing disorder from normal variation - while scientifically grounded - has limited utility in clinical practice, where cultural trends can push judgement towards either overmedicalisation or diagnostic nihilism. In this paper, we outline how an evolution-informed perspective can inform clinical reasoning, promote diagnostic discernment, and support a holistic, evobiopsychosocial approach to the prevention and treatment of psychiatric illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"23 4","pages":"349-352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13519270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unconscious And Intersubjective Dynamics of Suicide. Over a Century of Psychoanalytic Perspectives.","authors":"Raffaele De Luca Picione, Elvira Martini, Chiara Fioretti, Vittorio Lenzo, Alessandro Musetti, Alessandro Germani","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260406","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suicide represents a complex clinical phenomenon that cannot be adequately understood through categorical diagnoses or risk-factor models alone. This narrative, historical, and critical review examines suicide through a psychoanalytic lens, integrating intrapsychic, intersubjective, and sociocultural dimensions. Drawing on major Freudian and post-Freudian traditions, this paper explores how unconscious dynamics, such as mental pain (psychache), guilt, shame, narcissistic injury, aggression, and fantasies of annihilation or rebirth, organize suicidal ideation and behavior in clinically meaningful ways. Rather than proposing a unitary explanatory model, this review advances an integrative clinical framework that conceptualizes suicide as the outcome of heterogeneous and dynamic psychic configurations, shaped by developmental trajectories, relational contexts, and failures in affect regulation and symbolization. By examining the profound connection between theory and clinical practice, this work advocates for a dimensional and idiographic approach capable of capturing the subjective meaning and the transformative or destructive function inherent in suicidal fantasies and behaviors. By mapping different psychoanalytic models onto specific clinical constellations, the paper highlights how suicidal behavior may serve distinct unconscious functions (e.g., self-punishment, revenge, spite, preservation of internal objects, escape from fragmentation). The implications for clinical assessment and intervention are discussed, emphasizing the importance of idiographic formulation, attention to unconscious meaning, and careful management of countertransference in suicidal crises. This perspective aims to complement contemporary suicidology by offering clinicians conceptual tools for understanding the subjective logic of suicidal behavior beyond risk prediction alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"23 4","pages":"353-369"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13519276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological Treatment of Olfactory Reference Disorder: A Systematic Review and Historical Analysis of Treatment Patterns.","authors":"Ligia M Fonseca, Verônica Hühne, Murilo Branco, Inês M Salles-Fonseca, Gabriela B de Menezesa, Leonardo F Fontenelle","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260402","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>olfactory Reference Disorder (ORD) is characterized by a persistent preoccupation with the belief of emitting a bad or unpleasant body odor or breath, which is either imperceptible or only minimally perceptible to others. To systematically review studies investigating the pharmacological treatment of Olfactory Reference Disorder (ORD) and explore clinical characteristics, treatment response, and historical changes in pharmacological prescribing patterns.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>systematic review conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Sociodemographic, clinical, phenomenological, and therapeutic variables were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>fifty-two studies (47 case reports, 5 case series, and no controlled clinical trials), totaling 87 patients, were included. Treatment included serotonin reuptake inhibitors in 59.8%, antipsychotics in 52.9%, and both in 22% of cases. The overall treatment response rate was 86.2%, although interpretation is limited by uncontrolled study designs and probable publication bias. A historical analysis revealed that antipsychotics were more frequently prescribed in earlier reports, whereas SRIs became widely used only after the 1990s, reflecting a shift in the conceptualization of ORD toward the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. Also, no statistically significant differences were observed between responders and non-responders regarding sex, illness duration, psychiatric comorbidities, treatment modality, or pharmacological class used. Evidence of publication bias was identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ORD appears to be a potentially treatable condition, although the available evidence is limited by uncontrolled study designs, heterogeneous outcome measures, and probable publication bias. The shift toward serotonergic treatments parallels the evolving understanding of ORD within the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. Prospective studies using standardized outcome measures are needed..</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"23 4","pages":"318-325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13519273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Childhood Events, not age of Acquiring Smartphones or Tablets, Predict Mental Health in Young Adults.","authors":"Christopher J Ferguson","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260303","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>recent years have seen considerable attention to concerns regarding youth access to screens. Many professional bodies and clinicians have advised parents to limit youth access to smartphones and tablets, particularly at young ages. However, little clear evidence has emerged to support this advice.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>a dataset of 80,878 young adults (mean age: 23.3) was provided by Sapienlabs. Data included childhood age of first access to smartphones and tablets, as well as exposure to adverse childhood events. Relationships with current mental health were tested using OLS regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>results indicated that exposure to adverse childhood events was predictive of mental health difficulties in early adulthood. Age of access to smartphones and tablets was not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>advice to parents to avoid earlier access to smartphones and tablets appears to be unwarranted. Moral panic concerns about technology may distract society from more pressing causes of mental health difficulties such as abuse, neglect, and parental mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"23 3","pages":"243-247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13316892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative Symptoms Independently Predict Theory of Mind Impairment in Clinically Stable Schizophrenia.","authors":"Burcu Eser, Esma Akpınar Aslan, Sedat Batmaz, Sare Aydın","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260308","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>theory of mind (ToM) impairment is a well-established feature of schizophrenia; however, the relative contribution of negative symptoms and disorganization remains unclear, particularly in clinically stable outpatients. Moreover, few studies have modeled symptom domains simultaneously while accounting for illness chronicity and antipsychotic exposure.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>in this cross-sectional case-control study, 52 clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia and 52 healthy controls completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). Symptom dimensions were derived from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) using a five-factor framework. Hierarchical regression analyses examined independent predictors of RMET performance within the schizophrenia group. Sensitivity analyses included illness duration, olanzapine-equivalent dose, and alternative disorganization operationalizations. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis evaluated discriminative capacity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>patients demonstrated significantly lower RMET scores than controls (d = -1.42, p < .001). Within the schizophrenia group, negative symptoms (β = -.33, p = .015) independently predicted RMET performance after controlling for demographic variables and disorganization. This association remained robust after adjusting for illness duration and medication dose. Disorganization showed modest bivariate associations but did not retain independent predictive value in multivariable models. RMET demonstrated good discriminative accuracy (AUC = 0.84), with high specificity at the optimal cut-off.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ToM impairment in clinically stable schizophrenia is substantial and appears more strongly linked to negative symptom severity than to disorganization. These findings support routine assessment of social cognition in patients with prominent negative symptoms and highlight the dimensional interplay between motivational deficits and social-cognitive dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"23 3","pages":"287-296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13344414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychodynamic Interventions for Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Alessandro Torelli, Martina Mesce, Marco Cavicchioli, Sara Bottiroili, Lorys Castelli, Filippo Maria Nimbi, Martina Cangelosi, Agata Benfante, Annunziata Romeo, Alessia Renzi, Annalisa Tanzilli, Rachele Mariani, Chiara Pazzagli, Michela Di Trani, Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini, Carmen M Galvez-Sánchez, Federica Galli","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260305","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and psychological distress, with a significant impact on quality of life. While cognitive-behavioral therapy has been extensively studied as a psychological intervention for FM, the effectiveness of psychodynamic interventions remains underexplored. This systematic review aims to synthesize the existing literature on psychodynamic interventions for FM, focusing on their impact on clinical and psychological outcomes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>a systematic search was conducted across PsycINFO, Cochrane, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. A total of six studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified, investigating different psychodynamic approaches, including Attachment-Based Compassion Therapy, Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy, and shortterm psychodynamic psychotherapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>across these studies, psychodynamic interventions showed potential - but still preliminary - benefits, including reductions in pain severity, anxiety, depression, and psychological distress, alongside improvements in emotional functioning and quality of life. However, substantial heterogeneity across interventions, study designs, and outcome measures, combined with moderate-to-high risk of bias and the small number of available studies, limits the strength of the conclusions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>the current evidence does not allow definitive recommendations regarding psychodynamic interventions for FM. Further methodologically rigorous research is needed to clarify the specific efficacy, generalizability, and underlying mechanisms of these interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"23 3","pages":"255-265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13316893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}