Clinical Neuropsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Rehacom Cognitive Rehabilitation on the Neurocognitive Status of Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy After Anterior Temporal Lobectomy.","authors":"Kiana Amani, Behnoosh Farahmand, Morteza Faghih Jouibari, Sajad Shafiee, Zahra Azizan, Behnam Amini, Vajiheh Aghamollaii, Abbas Tafakhori","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250403","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of RehaCom cognitive rehabilitation in improving neurocognitive functions in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) following anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL), a common surgical intervention for medically refractory epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 12 patients who had undergone ATL participated in a 10-session RehaCom rehabilitation program. Cognitive assessments were conducted pre- and post-intervention, measuring verbal memory, figural memory, attention, and executive function. Cognitive improvements were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and non-parametric tests to evaluate changes in performance and the effect of the surgery side on outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant improvements were observed in verbal memory, working memory, and learning ability, especially in patients who underwent left anterior temporal lobectomy. Overall, cognitive improvements were evident across both groups, though specific patterns of recovery differed depending on the side of the surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RehaCom cognitive rehabilitation significantly improves cognitive functions, particularly in memory, attention, and executive function, following ATL. The side of surgery plays a role in determining specific outcomes, with left ATL patients benefiting more in verbal memory. These findings support the use of RehaCom as a multi-domain, adaptive rehabilitation tool for enhancing cognitive recovery in TLE patients post-ATL.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 4","pages":"287-296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomic Nervous System and Possible Determinants of Social Behavior: A Systematic Review of its Relationship Among Psychopathy, Compassion, and Theory of Mind.","authors":"Danilo Atripaldi, Elisabetta Ricciardi, Barbara Basile","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250408","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sensitive alterations in the balance between physiological changes may be a relevant factor in the expression of social behavior and are systematically reported in a broad spectrum of psychopathological conditions. Among these, psychopathy, compassion and theory of mind hold a prominent role in social interaction. Biomarkers associated with such individual characteristics could represent an ambitious breakthrough in clinical practice, both diagnostically and therapeutically. The aim of this work is to evaluate the available evidence published in the past 20 years in order to investigate the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and the aforementioned individual characteristics.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A literature search was conducted using dedicated search engines, including Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The review focused on evidence published over the last two decades, from 2003 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with high trait psychopathy show reduced activation in skin conductance. This attenuation results in lower sensitivity to learning through fear conditioning mechanisms and an impaired ability to process affective stimuli. Studies focusing on compassion, while showing less variability in measures and proposed tasks, have revealed a possible effect of time in terms of efficacy, with therapeutic intervention programs (of at least 2 weeks' duration) also showing an impact on autonomic indices. Studies focused on theory of mind highlighted mixed findings and may require further investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Interpretation of results may be limited by the numerosity and demographic characteristics of the participants, the plurality of autonomic indices used, and the heterogeneity of the proposed tasks. The ability to modify sensitivity to autonomic changes intentionally through possible specific therapeutic interventions could be a potential clinical goal.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 4","pages":"335-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fueling the Cycle: Attachment, Cognition, and Emotion in Substance-Using Incarcerated Young Adults.","authors":"Donatella Marazziti, Manuel Glauco Carbone, Alessandro Arone, Riccardo Gurrieri, Liliana Dell'Osso, Lara Foresi Crowther","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250401","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Youth violence, often linked to drug offenses, is a major concern in socially and politically unstable regions worldwide. Early attachment and stressors influence behavioral development, highlighting the importance of addressing underlying psychopathology. This study examined clinical, psychopathological, and cognitive profiles in incarcerated young adults with substance use issues, considering social, familial, and environmental factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study enrolled 40 male young adults (mean age 21.05 ± 1.15 years) with SUD, participating in a resocialization program in Medellin. Participants completed questionnaires assessing affective lability (ALS-SF), emotion dysregulation (DERS), executive functions (BRIEF-A), ADHD symptoms (ASRS), attachment styles (CA-MI-R), and stressful life events (SRRS). Data were analyzed using non-parametric tests, Spearman's rank correlations, and multiple linear regressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple linear regression analyses revealed significant predictive relationships. The number of substances used was predicted by poorer emotional control (β = -0.440, p = .007), greater executive dysfunction (β = 0.060, p = .015), higher childhood trauma (β = -0.360, p = .006), and a higher CA-MI-R score (β = 2.316, p = .017). Childhood trauma reported was predicted by greater executive dysfunction (β = 0.536, p = .013), lower socioeconomic status (β = -0.119, p = .035), a greater number of substances used (β = -0.256, p = .006), benzodiazepine use (β = -0.299, p = .014), and poorer emotional control (β = -0.331, p = .016). Affective lability, emotion dysregulation, and executive dysfunction were significantly intertwined with ADHD traits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides evidence for the complex interplay of attachment, executive function, emotion regulation, and ADHD symptoms in incarcerated young adults with SUD. Executive dysfunction, impulsivity, emotional dysregulation, and attachment insecurity significantly contribute to substance use and childhood trauma, fueling a vicious cycle. Interventions addressing relational trauma, deficits, and broader factors are needed to disrupt this cycle, promote rehabilitation, and reduce recidivism.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 4","pages":"261-278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotherapeutic Training Intentions Among Psychology Students in Italy: The Role of Empathy, Personality Traits, and Psychopathology.","authors":"Gianluca Santoro, Annarosa Cipriano, Mattia Pezzi, Stefania Cella, Alessio Gori, Alessandro Musetti","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250407","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The decision to pursue a career as a psychotherapist may be influenced by various psychological dispositions or self-healing motivations. The current study aimed to investigate differences in empathy, personality traits, and psychopathology between psychology students who intend to pursue psychotherapy training and those who do not.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study involved 1978 psychology students (1764 women, 89.2%), aged between 18 and 30 years (<i>M</i> = 22.72, <i>SD</i> = 2.59), who were attending a Bachelor's or a Master's degree program at Italian universities. Each participant completed self-report instruments assessing dispositional empathy domains, personality traits, and clinical symptoms, as well as a sociodemographic questionnaire. A Multivariate Analysis of Covariance was performed to examine the significant differences on the examined variables between psychology students intending to pursue psychotherapy training (<i>n</i> = 1309) and those without such intentions (<i>n</i> = 669).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups of psychology students reported clinically relevant symptoms across various domains of psychopathology. However, students who expressed an intention to pursue psychotherapy training reported higher levels of empathetic concern, conscientiousness, and openness compared to their peers without such intentions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that individuals may choose to enroll in a university psychology program for self-healing purposes, and that individual differences in empathy and personality traits may play a role in the decision to pursue a career as a psychotherapist. Universities and psychotherapy training institutes should promote psychology students' access to psychotherapy services. Also, psychotherapy training institutes should consider individual differences in empathy and personality traits within their educational programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 4","pages":"327-334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Meets Reality: A Psychodynamic Perspective on Immersive Technologies.","authors":"Chiara Rossi, Fabio Frisone, Giuseppe Riva, Osmano Oasi","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250406","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Virtual Reality (VR) is gaining increasing attention for its ability to support psychological interventions by offering immersive, interactive, and emotionally rich environments. While VR has been widely adopted in cognitive-behavioral treatments, especially for conditions like anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, and phobias, its use within psychodynamic and insight-oriented therapies is still in its early stages. This paper explores how VR may serve as a valuable complement to psychodynamic work by enabling patients to connect with unconscious processes, relational patterns, and emotional experiences in new and innovative ways.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Building on foundational psychoanalytic concepts, such as reality testing, unconscious fantasy, transference, and transitional objects, the paper examines how VR experiences can activate symbolic and affective dimensions of the psyche.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In virtual immersive environments, patients can project inner conflicts, interact with avatars that represent aspects of the self or significant others, and engage in emotionally charged narratives that support insight and self-reflection. VR's embodied qualities, like avatar identification and real-time bodily synchronization, further support this process by offering new modalities for exploring identity, body image, and dissociated self-states. However, realizing VR's full therapeutic potential requires addressing a set of practical and theoretical challenges These include variability in individual responses, risks of disorientation or cybersickness, and the possibility that excessive environmental control could inhibit spontaneity and symbolic elaboration. Additionally, technical and financial barriers can also make the integration difficult. Along this line, VR should not be seen as a replacement for traditional psychotherapeutic methods, but rather as a flexible tool that, when thoughtfully embedded within a psychodynamic framework, can deepen the therapeutic encounter.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By offering new routes to emotional and symbolic exploration, VR expands the analytic setting into a dynamic and embodied space, inviting clinicians to engage with emerging modalities while preserving the depth and specificity of their practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 4","pages":"320-326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Adherence to Pharmacological Treatment in a Large Sample of Patients with Personality Disorder.","authors":"Maddalena Cocchi, Nicolaja Girone, Matteo Leonardi, Francesco Achilli, Beatrice Benatti, Bernardo dell'Osso","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250402","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Personality disorders (PDs) are chronic and pervasive mental health conditions associated with significant functional impairment and high psychiatric comorbidity. Although psychotherapeutic interventions are the primary treatment approach, pharmacotherapy is frequently prescribed to manage specific symptoms. However, adherence to pharmacological treatment in PDs remains a critical challenge, influenced by both personality traits and clinical factors. The present study aims to assess adherence rates in a large cohort of patients with PDs and explore potential sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with compliance.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This observational study included 200 patients diagnosed with PDs according to DSM-5 criteria, recruited from different psychiatric services in Milan, Italy. Adherence was assessed using the Clinician Rating Scale (CRS), with positive adherence defined as CRS ≥ 5 and poor adherence as CRS < 5. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed across adherence groups and PD clusters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Positive adherence was observed in 64.5% of the sample. Cluster C PDs exhibited significantly higher adherence rates (83.3%) compared to Cluster B (61.3%), mixed-feature (60%), and Cluster A (73.3%; p<.05). A positive family history of psychiatric disorders was associated with greater adherence (60.3% vs. 45.5%, p<.05). A trend toward lower adherence was observed in patients with lifetime and current substance use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher adherence in Cluster C PDs may be linked to anxiety-driven behavioral patterns, while lower adherence in Cluster B and mixed-feature PDs suggests impulsivity and mistrust contribute to non-compliance. Additionally, a positive family history of psychiatric disorders emerged as a potential protective factor, possibly enhancing treatment engagement through greater awareness and support networks. Future research should focus on developing tailored interventions to the specific needs of different PD clusters to improve long-term treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 4","pages":"279-286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jumping to Conclusions and Facial Emotion Recognition in First-Episode Psychosis: Longitudinal Insights from the Gap Follow-Up Study.","authors":"Giada Tripoli, Victoria Rodriguez, Uzma Zahid, Giulia Trotta, Andrea Quattrone, Yifei Lang, Luis Alameda, Edoardo Spinazzola, Simona Stilo, Laura Ferraro, Crocettarachele Sartorio, Fabio Seminerio, Giuseppe Maniaci, Daniele La Barbera, Craig Morgan, Pak C Sham, Robin M Murray, Graham K Murray, Marta Di Forti, Diego Quattrone, Caterina La Cascia","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250405","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Psychotic disorders are heterogeneous in their clinical presentation and outcome. While early research focused on poor prognoses in schizophrenia, recent longitudinal studies tracking first-episode psychosis (FEP) have identified more favourable outcome trajectories. This study investigates the stability and predictive value of metacognitive and social cognitive impairments-Jumping to Conclusions (JTC) bias and Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) deficits-as intermediate phenotypes of psychosis over a 5-year follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 134 FEP patients and 105 population-based controls from the GAP and EU-GEI follow-up study in London were reassessed after an average of 4.8 years. JTC was measured using the 60:40 Beads task, while FER was assessed through the Degraded Facial Affect Recognition (DFAR) task. Clinical, functional, and social outcomes-including hospital admissions, symptom severity, and employment status-were evaluated. Mixed models and regression modeling examined the stability of these cognitive traits and their association with long-term outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>JTC and FER impairments remain stable over time, supporting their classification as intermediate phenotypes. However, neither JTC nor FER was associated with clinical outcomes (hospitalization rates, symptom severity) or social functioning (employment, independent living, relationships). A weak correlation was found between global FER impairment and negative symptoms at follow-up, but no associations emerged with real-world functional measures. Additionally, while patients demonstrated greater impairments than controls, the differences were more quantitative than qualitative, aligning with the psychosis continuum hypothesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate that JTC and FER are stable in people with psychosis and controls. Therefore, they may serve as important treatment targets for early intervention in psychosis. Future research should integrate the potential role of environmental factors as well as genetic influence to deepen our understanding of cognitive impairments in psychotic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 4","pages":"307-319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADHD and Suicide Risk: The Overlooked Roles of Comorbid Disorders and Stimulant Medications.","authors":"Yaakov Ophir","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250308","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Does Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) increase the risk of suicidality among children? This article critically examines a notable study by Shahnovsky et al. (2024), which identifies hyperactivity as a significant predictor of suicide attempts. A detailed analysis of the study reveals three critical gaps: (1) oversight of key risk factors, such as ADHD medications and comorbid disorders - some of which were examined in a related study by the same authors, showing no significant association between ADHD and suicidality; (2) misinterpretation of prior research, inaccurately presenting ADHD medications as protective despite evidence indicating a significantly elevated suicide risk among users; and (3) misrepresentation of the study's findings, which largely suggested that ADHD was unrelated to suicide risk based on both parent and child reports and the two examined components of ADHD. Drawing on an extensive body of research, it is argued that depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation are more likely attributable to the first-line treatments for ADHD than to the diagnosis itself. By situating the study within the broader literature, this article cautions against potential real-life implications arising from its conclusions, such as clinicians prescribing ADHD medications to suppress the allegedly dangerous hyperactivity - medications that may paradoxically increase the risk of suicide. This critique is offered with the utmost respect for the authors' lifelong dedication to advancing suicide prevention, with the sincere aim of fostering a constructive dialogue to deepen our understanding of the tragic phenomenon of childhood suicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 3","pages":"253-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyvagal Theory: Current Status, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions.","authors":"Stephen W Porges","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250301","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyvagal Theory proposes an evolutionarily informed neurophysiological framework for understanding how the autonomic nervous system supports social engagement, emotional resilience, and adaptive physiological responses. At its core, the theory emphasizes a hierarchical organization of autonomic states mediated by the vagus nerve, highlighting the unique role of the ventral vagal complex in facilitating social behavior and physiological flexibility through mechanisms such as neuroception, co-regulation, and dissolution. This paper reviews the empirical foundations of Polyvagal Theory, addresses methodological critiques - particularly regarding anatomical specificity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) - and consolidates recent advances in autonomic measurement. Furthermore, it explores wide-ranging clinical implications across diverse conditions including trauma, chronic pain, autism, developmental disorders, and mood disorders. Finally, the paper advocates for applying a \"science of safety\" in clinical practice, education, and public health, offering future directions for research, clinical practice, and the systemic design of institutions that support physiological safety at scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 3","pages":"169-184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autistic Children And Adolescents Without Intellectual Disability: Individual And Family Profile.","authors":"Daniele de Brito Wanderley, Filippo Muratori, Nayara Argollo, Arthur Tolentino, Tatiane Miranda, Fernanda Vaz, Vania Campos, Adriana Marques de Mattos, Rita Lucena","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250305","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to characterize the developmental, cognitive, and behavioral profiles of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without intellectual disability (ID).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, including children and adolescents with ASD and an intelligence quotient (IQ) of 75 or higher. Parents completed the CBCL, and SNAP-IV 26 Parent Rating Scale to assess developmental milestones, cognitive abilities, and behavioral symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 74 participants, with a mean age of 9.8 ± 2.9 years, of whom 64 (86.5%) were male. Mothers and fathers had a mean age of 33.4 ± 5.5 and 30.2 ± 5.7 years, respectively, with 64.9% of mothers and 47.9% of fathers having completed higher education. Generalized anxiety and depression were the most frequent psychiatric histories reported by parents. Median IQ scores were: total 100 (88-113), verbal 102 (85-117), and performance 97 (90-108). While 82.5% of children spoke their first words before 24 months, only 40% were able to form phrases by age 2. Prosody, pragmatic difficulties, and echolalia were present in over 40% of cases. Moderate or severe symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and oppositional behaviors were observed in 33.8%, 16.2%, and 16.2% of participants, respectively. Internalizing symptoms were present in 27%, and externalizing symptoms in 15% of the sample. Learning challenges included difficulties with text interpretation (31%), text production (24%), reading, and math (19% each).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children and adolescents with ASD without ID exhibit significant behavioral and cognitive challenges, including language delays, inattention, internalizing symptoms, and learning difficulties. These findings emphasize the need for targeted educational and therapeutic strategies to address their unique developmental and behavioral profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 3","pages":"215-228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}