Clinical Neuropsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Platelet Activation and Alzheimer's Disease: A Possible Connection.","authors":"Manuel Glauco Carbone,&nbsp;Nunzio Pomara,&nbsp;Camilla Callegari,&nbsp;Donatella Marazziti,&nbsp;Bruno Pietro Imbimbo","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus DM (T2DM) is associated with a 70% increased risk for dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin resistance has been proposed to play a pivotal role in both T2DM and AD and the concept of \"brain insulin resistance\" has been suggested as an interpretation to the growing literature regarding cognitive impairment and T2DM. Subjects with T2DM present an abnormal platelet reactivity that together with insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia effect the vascular wall by a series of events including endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation. Activated platelets directly contribute to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) by promoting the formation of β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates and that Aβ, in turn, activates platelets, creating a feed-forward loop suggesting the involvement of platelets in the AD pathogenesis. Moreover, islet amyloid polypeptide deposition, co-localized with Aβ deposits, is a common finding in the brain of patients with T2DM. These observations raise the intriguing prospect that traditional or novel antiplatelet therapeutic strategies may alleviate fibril formation and could be used in the prevention or treatment of AD subjects with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9807118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10511162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Article Highlights.","authors":"Federico Mucci","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9807112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10513341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehospitalization Rates Among Patients with Psychotic Disorders During Covid-19 Pandemic: Oral Versus Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics.","authors":"Tonći Mastelić,&nbsp;Tonka Borovina Marasović,&nbsp;Mihaela Rakušić,&nbsp;Dinko Martinović,&nbsp;Davor Lasić,&nbsp;Boran Uglešić,&nbsp;Trpimir Glavina","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The superiority of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) versus oral antipsychotics is often emphasized, even in terms of adherence and rehospitaliza-tion rates. As such, LAIs are particularly recommended during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of our research was to determine whether there are differences in the number of rehospitalizations in patients treated for schizophrenia, schizophrenia-like disorders, and delusional states (psychotic disorders) with LAI antispychotics versus oral antispychotics.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Subjects with schizophrenia, schizophrenia-like disorders and delusional states participated in our retrospective study. 124 subjects were treated with oral anti-psychotics, while 72 received LAIs along with oral antipsychotics. We collected their sociodemographic data and psychiatric history data. Our main outcome measure was the number of rehospitalizations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistical analysis showed that the studied groups did not differ according to sociodemographic parameters, except that in the group of patients with LAIs there was a significantly higher percentage of men (65 (52.4) vs 50 (69.4), p=0.029)). Also, the groups do not differ according to the psychiatric history data. There is no difference in the duration of the current hospitalization nor in the composition of the patients, considering the order of the current hospitalization. The difference in the number of rehospitalizations is not significant neither in the first year of follow-up (p=0.144), nor in the second (p=0.142), nor after two years of follow-up (p=0.083).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our research has shown that there is no difference in the number of rehospitalizations in patients with schizophrenia, schizophrenia-like disorders and delusional states, considering whether they take oral antipsychotics or they also take LAIs along with them. We can therefore conclude that it is particularly important to work on improving patient adherence. We must make psychiatrists aware that the pandemic, like other threats, can be our ally in improving adherence (\"perceived threat as a health belief\").</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9807113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10518548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) Psychotherapy and Recurrent Interpersonal Traumatic Episodes: A Pilot Follow-Up Study.","authors":"Gian Paolo Mazzoni,&nbsp;Elisabetta Miglietta,&nbsp;Tommaso Ciull,&nbsp;Luciana Rotundo,&nbsp;Andrea Pozza,&nbsp;Anabel Gonzalez,&nbsp;Isabel Fernandez","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the acceptability and the effectiveness of an Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing Integrative Group Treatment Protocol (EMDR-IGTP) for patients with a history of recurrent traumatic episodes of interpersonal nature.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Seven women were recruited from a Trauma Centre and were offered EMDR-IGTP, consisting of 10 semi-structured group sessions. Participants were assessed through a set of standardised clinical measures before the treatment, at the end of it, and after 1 and 3 months since its conclusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EMDR-IGTP was well accepted by all participants. After the intervention and at 1 and 3 months follow-up, patients showed a significant reduction of dissociative symptoms, traumatic symptoms and improved emotional regulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that GITM-EMDR therapy can be a helpful treatment for people who experienced traumatic episodes of interpersonal nature and supports more extensive research in this direction.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9807115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10511160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post Traumatic Growth (PTG) in the Frame of Traumatic Experiences.","authors":"Liliana Dell'Osso,&nbsp;Primo Lorenzi,&nbsp;Benedetta Nardi,&nbsp;Claudia Carmassi,&nbsp;Barbara Carpita","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The psychopathological consequences of traumatic experiences have been object of study from the beginning of medical science. During the last centuries, the scientific literature in the field of mental health mainly focused on the negative consequences of traumatic events. More recently, increasing interest was paid to the features of resilience and to the possible positive consequences of trauma, leading to the concept of Post Traumatic Growth (PTG). However, the eventual co-existence of both the conditions should also be considered. The role of vulnerability and environmental factors in the balance between positive and negative outcomes after life events is discussed, particularly in light of a neurodevelopmental approach to psychopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9807114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10524859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Upper Disorders and Psychological Well-Being and its Implication in Text Neck Syndrome: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Rossella Bottaro,&nbsp;Palmira Faraci","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Non-specific/chronic musculoskeletal disorder in neck, head or low back (that we called Upper Disorders; UD) are widely common health problem in high-income, urban, and industrialized countries, especially for sedentary people who use electronic devices. This systematic review aims to analyse the association between UD and psychological disease.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The database searches were conducted in 8 different databases, using relevant keywords. According to PRISMA Statements, full-text peer-reviewed articles in English which analysed the association between UD and indicators of psychological disease (i.e., mood disturbance, anxiety, depression, stress, social support, and alexithymia) in non-clinical sample were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 8798 abstracts and titles, 10 full-text papers were included. The overall results showed a strong association between UD and mood disturbance, anxiety, depression, stress, alexithymia, and low social support. Thus, high levels of UD were associated with high levels of psychological disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results supported the assessment of physical and psychological symptoms in a holistic perspective. Their implications in terms of holistic care and text neck syndrome were discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9597647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40669586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brainwashing by Social Media: A Threat to Freedom, a Risk for Dictatorship.","authors":"Donatella Marazziti","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220502","url":null,"abstract":"Donatella Marazziti Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56100, Pisa, Italy telephone: +39 05","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9597644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40669585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Nocebo Effects in Adulthood Linked to Prenatal Maternal Cortisol Levels?","authors":"Fabrizio Benedetti,&nbsp;Martina Amanzio,&nbsp;Fabio Giovannelli,&nbsp;Karen Craigs-Brackhahn,&nbsp;Claudia Arduino,&nbsp;Aziz Shaibani","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Placebo-induced adverse events, or nocebo effects, occur when doctor-patient communication anticipates the onset of negative symptoms. They have been found to correlate with the anxiety-related activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. Here we try to determine if prenatal hyperactivity of this system, as assessed through plasma cortisol, may influence nocebo effects in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We investigated the rate and magnitude of nocebo effects in 378 adults whose prenatal maternal plasma cortisol was measured during the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy. The healthy subjects underwent a nocebo oxygen challenge. This consisted of the inhalation of fake (placebo) oxygen and assessment of the following adverse events: headache, chest pain, abdominal pain, and cough. Plasma cortisol responses during the nocebo adverse events were also measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>41 out of 46 (89.1%) subjects who reported 3 adverse events, and 37 out of 37 (100%) subjects who reported 4 adverse events had prenatal maternal cortisol above normal levels. By contrast, only 10 out of 143 (7%) subjects who reported 0 adverse events showed prenatal maternal cortisol above the normal range. Moreover, whereas subjects who reported 3 and 4 adverse events showed a significant increase in plasma cortisol following the nocebo challenge, subjects who reported 0 adverse events showed no changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings emphasize the importance of the doctor-patient communication in perceiving symptoms like pain, and suggest that those subjects with high prenatal maternal cortisol may be more sensitive to the effects of a negative communication in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9597651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40669591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Article Highlights.","authors":"Federico Mucci","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore2022050001","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore2022050001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9597643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40669588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (RTMS) a Promising Therapeutic Intervention for Eating Disorders and Obesity? Clinical Considerations Based on a Meta-Analytic Review.","authors":"Marco Cavicchioli,&nbsp;Alessandro Sarzetto,&nbsp;Stefano Erzegovesi,&nbsp;Anna Ogliari","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been introduced to treat eating disorders (EDs), especially Anorexia, Bulimia Nervosa (AN and BN) and other EDs not otherwise specified (NOS). Provisional rTMS single-case studies and clinical trials have been carried out for the treatment of binge eating disorder (BED) and obesity. However, it is still unclear whether and to what extent rTMS might be considered an effective intervention for these conditions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This meta-analysis includes 15 independent studies examining the clinical effects of rTMS among different EDs and obesity (N = 402 patients). Several primary and secondary treatment outcomes have been considered. Cohen's d was used as an effect size measure. The analyses estimate heterogeneity across findings, sources of variability and publication bias together with an assessment of the quality of the studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analyses show that rTMS induced large improvements in body mass index (BMI) among obese individuals. Null clinical effects have been detected for primary outcomes (i.e., BMI, binge eating and compensatory behaviors; urge to binge and to eat; severity of EDs symptoms) among individuals with AN, BN and other EDs-NOS. rTMS shows moderate therapeutic effects on the affective functioning (i.e., negative affectivity, depressive and anxious symptoms) of individuals with EDs. rTMS should be considered a promising intervention for the treatment of obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This evidence might provisionally support the hypothesis on the implementation of rTMS for BED. Furthermore, rTMS could be included as an ancillary intervention for the other EDs, especially considering secondary treatment outcomes. Future controlled trials are needed to clarify the clinical effects of rTMS for EDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9597650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40669590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}