Clinical Neuropsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) on Cognitive Functioning in Individuals with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).","authors":"Noa Beiman, Renana Eitan, Doron Todder, Eldad Keha, Eyal Kalanthroff","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250107","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children, often persisting into adulthood. It is characterized by two symptom domains: impulsivity and inattention, both associated with underlying neural and cognitive deficiencies. This study is the first toinvestigate the potential effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the left DLPFC on cognitive functions related to both symptom domains in adults with ADHD compared to typically developed controls.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This pre-registered clinical trial enrolled 55 participants, 25 of whom were diagnosed with ADHD. Participants completed a series of cognitive tasks before and after receiving either tDCS or sham treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the ADHD group, tDCS treatment improved measures associated with inattention,but not measures related to impulsivity. In the control group, tDCS treatment had no benefits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The discrepancy in treatment response observed between inattentive and impulsivesymptoms has implications for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of ADHD. Our findings offer new evidence supporting the positive impact of tDCS on cognitive functions linked to inattention.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Depression: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Mario Miniati, Laura Palagini, Giulia Righi, Donatella Marazziti","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250103","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Objective of this review is to summarize current knowledge on Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), as treatment for depression in coronary artery disease (CAD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic search was conducted on the PUBMED database for the last ten years, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, following PICOS criteria, and applying specific queries in the <i>'PubMed Advanced Search Builder</i>'.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one studies were selected and included in the systematic review, with a total number of 2498 patients enrolled, excluding patient samples analysed multiple times, with results published in different papers. The mean/SD age of the enrolled patients was 56.9±7.7 years (range: 30.3-63.0). The mean/SD number of scales used was 4.2±2.0 (range: 2-9). The psychological intervention included CBT in 8/21 (38.1%) studies, Internet-Delivered CBT (I-CBT) in 8/21 (38.1%), and CBT + Activity in 1/21 (4.8%) Monitor (AM), 1/21 (4.8%) Stress Management CBT-based, 1/21 (4.8%) CBT-WBT Sequential Approach, 1/21 (4.8%) e-IMPACT CBT (CBT delivered via internet o' by phone'), 1/21 (4.8%) Group-CBT. The control groups underwent 'treatment as usual' (TAU) in 5/21 (23.8%) studies, <i>'online discussion forum'</i> (ODF) in 5/21 (23.8%) studies, <i>'clinical management'</i> (CM) in 4/21 (19.0%) studies, pharmacological treatment with SSRIs (2/21; 9.5%), <i>'waiting list condition'</i> (WLC), <i>'educational support'</i> or <i>'simple monitoring'</i> in the remaining 4/21 (19.0%) studies; in one study (4.8%), this information was not available.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Efficacy of CBT as a treatment for depressive syndromes in patients with CD is still under discussion, partly due to the heterogeneity of the outcome measures, partly due to methodological issues, such as therapist supervision and allegiance. CBT seems to be irrelevant to biological variables, such as inflammatory markers and heart rate variability and not ever superior to other interventions, in the treatment of depressive symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"19-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Reproductive Egalitarianism: A Catalyst for the Evolution of Personality Traits.","authors":"Riadh Abed","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250102","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human, species-typical reproductive system is distinctive and unique among the great apes. It involves pair-bonding and long-term mating as well as male investment in both mate and offspring. Studies have demonstrated that this mating system produces the lowest male reproductive skew known in primates as well as in mammals generally which entails the lowest level of reproductive failure among human males compared to other primate/mammalian species. It is argued that this low reproductive skew leads to an increase in the effective population size and to a greater diversification/variation in personality and behavioural traits in the population compared to other species. The implications of this Reproductive Egalitarian Model for human mating are discussed with regard to the emergence of human personality traits, social complexity, division of labour and risk of mental disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Are You Sick? No, I am Neurodivergent!\" The Perilous Navigation Between Medicalization and Diagnostic Nihilism.","authors":"Alfonso Troisi","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250101","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When advocating to fight stigma and promote acceptance of neurodivergent individuals, the current debate on neurodiversity does not present a major challenge to psychiatric theory and research. The controversy arises when neurodiversity is taken to its extreme, denying the existence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Evolutionary psychiatry has recently contributed to the neurodiversity debate by providing adaptive explanations. These explanations are based on the unproven assumption that neurodiversity has been shaped by natural selection, as some atypical neurocognitive profiles increased inclusive fitness in the ancestral environment. Evolutionary psychiatry recognizes the heterogeneity of neurodiversity, acknowledges the existence of neurodevelopmental disorders, and establishes fitness disadvantage as the criterion of morbidity. The evolutionary definition of pathological neurodiversity is based on an objective criterion but it has limited utility in clinical practice. Cultural relativism has always played a role in the history of medicine and psychiatry, often overshadowing scientific analysis. Therapeutic concerns are influenced by cultural trends that can lean towards either medicalization or diagnostic nihilism.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Suicide: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors.","authors":"Rosaria De Luca, Andrea Calderone, Maria Grazia Maggio, Antonio Gangemi, Francesco Corallo, Gianluca Pandolfo, Carmela Mento, Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello, Mirjam Bonanno, Angelo Quartarone, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250106","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) significantly increases the risk of suicidal ideation (SI) and behaviors due to neurobiological changes, cognitive impairments, and emotional dysregulation. This review consolidates current evidence on the relationship between TBI and suicide, identifying key risk factors and underlying mechanisms, and highlights the need for further research, especially in civilian populations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Studies were identified from an online search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus databases with studies published from 2014 to 2024. This review has been registered on Prospero (number CRD42024574643).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Factors indicated such as external causes of injury, comorbidities like depression and substance use disorders, and post-TBI symptoms consistently influence suicide risk. Advanced predictive models emphasize the role of psychological symptoms, particularly depressive features, in forecasting SI post-TBI, underscoring the need for targeted interventions and early symptom management.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The seriousness of TBI significantly impacts the probability of SI and suicide attempts (SA). Research consistently shows that patients with more severe TBIs tend to have higher rates of SI and SA. Psychological disorders, such as depression and substance abuse disorders, greatly increase the likelihood of suicidal actions after a TBI. These conditions not only raise the occurrence of SI but also lead to earlier and more regular SA.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"66-86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Article Highlights.","authors":"Federico Mucci","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"21 6","pages":"447-449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11745030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADHD and ASD are Normal Biological Variations as part of Human Evolution and are not \"Disorders\".","authors":"Annie Swanepoel","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240601","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent developments driven by people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have highlighted that far from being disorders, ADHD and/or ASD can be seen as natural variations in neurodevelopment. The neurodiversity movement acknowledges that people with ADHD and/or ASD have specific strengths, that can help them outperform neurotypical individuals in certain situations and that these conditions should therefore not be seen as disorders. This view is supported by evolutionary science, which can be used as a framework to understand ADHD and/or ASD as natural variations that were not eliminated by natural selection due to their benefit to the individual and group in certain situations. The evolutionary perspective supports neurodiversity as relevant and important in helping our species thrive.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"21 6","pages":"451-454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11745029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Motor Melody in action Planning: The Case of Autistic Children and their Non-Autistic Siblings.","authors":"Maria Chiara Bazzini, Antonio Narzisi, Gaia Scarpini, Emilia Scalona, Gianina Bruzzi, Angela Russo, Valentina Viglione, Gabriele Masi, Giacomo Rizzolatti, Cristina Berchio, Maddalena Fabbri-Destro","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240605","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>it is well known that during an intentional behavior, the final goal of the action shapes the entire sequence of motor acts. This chained organization has been previously demonstrated to be altered in school-age autistic children, who modulate only the final motor act according to the action goal. Here, we investigate the temporal modulation during the intentional action in three groups of preschoolers: neurotypical, autistic, and non-autistic siblings of autistic children.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>the participants engaged in a simple task of reaching and grasping an object and placing it into two containers of different sizes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>neurotypical children adjusted both reaching and placing times according to the width of the containers, indicating an action-chained organization. In contrast, both autistic children and non-autistic siblings adapted only the placing - but not the reaching- time according to the container size, exhibiting an unchained organization of intentional actions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>despite not being included among the diagnostic criteria, motor alterations are present in a large number of autistic individuals, detectable from an early age. Being motor signs also expressed by non-autistic siblings, our findings suggest a potential link between motor abnormalities and the pathogenesis of autism. Thereby, tasks similar to the one employed here could be valuable for screening children with an increased likelihood of atypical neurodevelopment.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"21 6","pages":"524-528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11745031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Instrument for Evaluating the Self: The Self-Discrepancies Scale in Non-Clinical Participants.","authors":"Martine Bouvard, Arnaud Carré, Nathalie Fournet, Céline Douilliez, Céline Baeyens, Pierre Philippot","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240607","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Self-Discrepancies Scale (S-DS) is a multiple-subscore instrument designed to assess discrepancies between mental representations of the self: the actual self on one hand, and the ideal and socially prescribed selves on the other. Its idiographic subscores rely on the endorsement of self-descriptive traits, while its abstract subscores form an overall judgement of felt self-discrepancies. The objectives of the present study were to (i) evaluate the S-DS in a new non-clinical population, (ii) expand the body of data on the S-DS's convergent validity, (iii) study the idiographic data for the S-DS, and (iv) establish a nomothetic list of traits with a better choice of unwanted traits.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We administered the S-DS to a non-clinical sample (N= 422, mean age = 23.26, 90% female), along with a questionnaire measuring personality traits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two internal reliability results were different to those observed in the primary research. The wanted ideal self (WIT%) was weakly linked to overall measures of discrepancy and distress. The correlations between the two indices of ideal self (WIT% and ideal discrepancy) were weak. One result differs from the literature findings (moderate correlation between the two discrepancy indices). Neuroticism was found to be the highest predictor of ideal discrepancy. The abstract discrepancy subscores (ideal and socially prescribed discrepancies) were better correlated with personality traits than the idiographic subscores (wanted ideal (or socially prescribed) traits). Our present results suggest that the ideal and socially prescribed selves encompassed the same categories of wanted and unwanted traits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There were small quantitative differences (in the number of traits cited) between the two selves. In general, the two types of traits (wanted and unwanted) belonged to different categories. The wanted traits were more strongly endorsed in the ideal self. In conclusion, the present data provided a better assessment of the idiographic aspects of self-discrepancy and add to a grow body of evidence on the convergent validity of the S-DS.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"21 6","pages":"538-549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11745033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Self-Criticism: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Approaches.","authors":"Vittoria Zaccari, Michela Fazi, Federica Scarci, Valentina Correr, Lucrezia Trani, Maria Grazia Filomena, Valentina Piccione, Stefano Joe Cattan, Maria Giovanna Ginni, Francesca D'Olimpio, Francesco Mancini","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240602","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Self-criticism (SC) is a central transdiagnostic factor in several psychopathological conditions, influencing the development and maintenance of symptomatology. The importance of this construct has stimulated quantitative and qualitative research about it. The main purpose of this systematic review is to highlight which qualitative methods have been used most frequently and which are most suitable for studying SC.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a systematic search by searching the following databases to identify publications: PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and ERIC (all years up to and including January 2024). We aggregated search terms into two concepts for all databases: \"self-criticism\" and \"qualitative analysis\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After removing duplicates, we screened a total of 852 records, resulting in the identification of 28 full-text articles that we assessed for eligibility. Upon closer examination, there was consensus that 16 of those studies met the inclusion criteria. Data extracted from the included studies revealed the lack of a shared approach regarding qualitative analysis of SC. Some studies employed a top-down coding approach, others used a bottom-up coding approach, and a few combined both methods. Consensual qualitative research and thematic analysis have been used most widely in the field. Furthermore, the data revealed no consensus among researchers on the conceptualization of SC. SC categories identified through qualitative analysis frequently do not align with existing theoretical models, and these categories are rarely re-examined in subsequent studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a need to test existing theoretical models of SC through qualitative analysis and to develop new models that should be examined with qualitative and quantitative methods in different clinical populations to fully capture the complexity and multidimensionality of SC.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"21 6","pages":"455-476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11745034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}