P. Sharma, A. Mittal, V. Gupta, Neeraj K. Aggarwal
{"title":"Concomitant Production and Utilization of Thermoacidic Phytases from Pichia kudriavzevii FSMP-Y17 in Broilers Feed","authors":"P. Sharma, A. Mittal, V. Gupta, Neeraj K. Aggarwal","doi":"10.1134/S0003683823602883","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683823602883","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Production of phytases from <i>Pichia kudriavzevii</i> FSMP-Y17 yeast was enhanced by optimization of the fermentation variables under submerged fermentation conditions. Maximum 3.67 U/mL of phytases was produced using 2.5% orange peel flour as a substrate, at pH 5.0 and temperature 50°C, by supplementing fermentation medium with 0.2% (wt/vol) galactose as carbon source and 0.2% (wt/vol) ammonium nitrate as a nitrogen source. Addition of sodium phytate to the production medium, however, did not cause any enhancing effect on phytase production by <i>P. kudriavzevii</i> FSMP-Y17 under submerged fermentation. The yeast enzyme purified to near homogeneity in three steps (ammonium sulphate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration) was found showing thermostability (from 40 to 70°C, with highest activity at 55°C) and stable at acidic pH (from 4.0 to 7.0, with highest activity at pH from 5.0 to 6.0). The purified enzyme was added to the diets of the broilers. The diets enriched with yeast phytase showed increased feed intake in the birds, while food conversion rate was lowered. The phytase supplementation caused better phosphorus retention in the birds consequently resulting in enhanced growth of the broilers. The augmented diets also showed improved egg production and egg quality in the hens.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"60 5","pages":"871 - 879"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Y. Duan, X. S. Zhang, Y. Q. Yuan, S. Y. Jing, M. H. Qiao, R. Ji
{"title":"Improving the Thermostability and Catalytic Performance of the Bacillus subtilis Chitosanase BsCsn46A via Computational Design","authors":"S. Y. Duan, X. S. Zhang, Y. Q. Yuan, S. Y. Jing, M. H. Qiao, R. Ji","doi":"10.1134/S0003683823603207","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683823603207","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chitosanase plays a pivotal role in the production of chitooligosaccharide. Nevertheless, there is untapped potential for enhancing both its catalytic efficiency and thermostability, which could significantly bolster its therapeutic and biotechnological applications. In this study, two computer-aided protein design methods, namely Fireprot and PROSS, were utilized to pinpoint 6 single <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> chitosanase BsCsn46A mutants (S126A, D191A, K70A, L159I, K104P, and A129L) as well as 4 multiple mutants (K70A/S126A, K70A/S126A/K104P, K70A/S126A/L159I, and K70A/S126A/K104P/L159). The wild-type (WT) and all 10 BsCsn46A mutants displayed robust adaptability across a broad pH range, exhibiting peak activity within the pH spectrum of 5.5 to 9.5. The results demonstrated that, compared to the WT, 9 out of 10 mutants exhibited significantly heightened chitosanase activity, with the sole exception being the D191A mutant, which displayed activity levels nearly identical to the WT. Notably, the A129L displayed an impressive 20% increase in the enzyme activity at elevated temperatures, specifically in the range of 55–80°C. Assessing protein stability, results indicated that all samples maintained stability when incubated at 30°C for 1 h. However, when subjected to a higher temperature of 40°C for 1 h, only the A129L mutant retained stability, which persisted even after an extended incubation period of 3 h at 40°C. Furthermore, a thermal stability analysis revealed noteworthy differences between the WT and the mutants. The WT chitosanase activity diminished by 50% after brief 30-min incubation at 50°C, whereas the K70A/S126A, K70A/S126A/K104P, and A129L mutants maintained 50% of their activity for approximately 2 h under the same conditions. In summary, the study provides valuable insights into the thermostability and catalytic activity of chitosanase, highlighting promising candidates for industrial chitosanase applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"60 5","pages":"889 - 896"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Antitermitic Compound-Producing Endophytic Bacterium from Chamaecyparis lawsoniana","authors":"Q. C. Ruan, L. Q. Sun, J. Liu, J. S. Hua, K. Zhao","doi":"10.1134/S000368382460372X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S000368382460372X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Termites present a significant hazard to wooden structures, agriculture and urban environments. Termiticides are now required to meet more stringent environmental standards. Microbial metabolites with antitermitic properties are considered practical alternatives for termite control. Here, we report an antitermitic compound-producing endophytic bacterium HDZK-BYB36 isolated from the termite-resistant tree, Port-Orford-cedar (<i>Chamaecyparis lawsoniana</i>). The morphological, physio-biochemical, and 16S rDNA characteristics of the bacterium were investigated, as well as its antimicrobial and antitermitic activities. The antitermitic compounds from the strain HDZK-BYB36 were analyzed by GC-MS. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that HDZK-BYB36 was a subspecies of <i>Paenibacillus aliginolyticus</i>, sharing 98.72% identity with <i>P. alginolyticus</i> DSM 5050<sup>T</sup>. The HDZK-BYB36 demonstrated robust antimicrobial and termiticidal activities. It produced at least 4 antitermitic compounds, namely nootkatone, τ-muurolol, torreyol and α-cadinol, as determined by GC-MS analysis. The isolation of HDZK-BYB36 presents an effective and innovative resource for generating antitermitic compounds, providing a sustainable approach towards the prevention and control of termites.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"60 5","pages":"915 - 924"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. G. Hovhannisyan, L. V. Danielyan, E. H. Gaboyan, M. M. Pashayan, G. G. Grigoryan, A. H. Barseghyan
{"title":"Mutational Improvement of the Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis Biopreservation Potential","authors":"H. G. Hovhannisyan, L. V. Danielyan, E. H. Gaboyan, M. M. Pashayan, G. G. Grigoryan, A. H. Barseghyan","doi":"10.1134/S0003683823603189","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683823603189","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The primary objective of this study was to develop tools and strategies aimed at enhancing the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide in <i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> subsp<i>. lactis.</i> This bacterium is extensively utilized as a biopreservative in chilled food products. While the technique of rifampicin resistance selection is commonly employed to elevate the production of secondary metabolites (idiolites), its application to augmenting the production of specialized metabolites synthesized during the trophophase, such as hydrogen peroxide, remains unexplored due to various challenges. Through the examination of numerous cultures of rifampicin-resistant and rifampicin-sensitive strains cultivated under aerobic conditions, it was observed that the selection of active hydrogen peroxide producers was notably amplified by up to 500% among the former. An in-depth comparative analysis of these Rif mutants uncovered distinct kinetics (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the production of hydrogen peroxide. Nevertheless, these mutants eventually accumulated a roughly equivalent quantity of hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, the most efficient mutants entered the stationary growth phase earlier while amassing less biomass (<i>p</i> < 0.05). This phenomenon was attributed to the self-inhibition of producer cells, a process activated when the concentration of hydrogen peroxide reached approximately half of the MIC for <i>L. delbrueckii</i>. The enhancement of hydrogen peroxide production as a result of <i>rif</i> mutations was particularly conspicuous at a temperature of 5°C, where the mutants exhibited a substantial increase of 40–70% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> accumulation. Beyond its practical implications, the methodology developed in this study holds the potential to uncover novel pathways involved in the biosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"60 5","pages":"844 - 854"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Nair, M. V. Hrishikesh, S. M. Sudeep, A. Augustine, J. Abraham
{"title":"Degradation of High-density Polyethylene Mediated by Fungus Talaromyces liani JA2HS","authors":"S. Nair, M. V. Hrishikesh, S. M. Sudeep, A. Augustine, J. Abraham","doi":"10.1134/S0003683823602159","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683823602159","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High density polyethylene (HDPE) waste accumulation in the environment is one among the major threats faced globally for the last quarter of century. The current study deals with isolation, characterization and mycodegradation analysis of the HDPE strips by a potential fungus isolated from garbage dump yard. Based on morphological characterization, the isolated strain was identified and designated as <i>Talaromyces liani</i> strain JA2HS. Until now, there have been no reports of HDPE degradation using <i>T. liani.</i> The HDPE strips were subjected to degradation by the fungal isolate JA2HS for 90 days after optimization of growth and environmental parameters. The extent of degradation was confirmed by measuring the weight of the residual strip and the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> evolution by Sturm test. A partial 72.7% degradation of the HDPE strip was observed, followed by the evolution of 18.5 g/L CO<sub>2.</sub> Enzyme studies were conducted to test the presence of ligninolytic enzymes (laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase) responsible for the biodegradation of the plastic strip. The fungal biomass estimation and hydrophobicity test were also performed. Mycodegradation analysis of the HDPE strip was further confirmed using analytical techniques such as FTIR, SEM, and AFM. This is the first study revealing the HDPE degradation using <i>T. liani</i> mediated by ligninolytic enzymes.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"60 5","pages":"880 - 888"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Fathollahi Arani, M. Zeinoddini, A. R. Saeedinia, N. M. Danesh, S. M. Robatjazi
{"title":"LSPR-based Colorimetric Aptasensor Design for Rapid and Simple Detection of Vibrio cholerae O1","authors":"S. Fathollahi Arani, M. Zeinoddini, A. R. Saeedinia, N. M. Danesh, S. M. Robatjazi","doi":"10.1134/S0003683824603731","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683824603731","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, the prevalence of intestinal diseases, particularly <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, has been on the rise, leading to numerous epidemics and pandemics. To effectively manage and treat this disease, the development of a simple and fast diagnostic method is crucial. This research aims to design a colorimetric <i>V. cholerae</i> aptasensor using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) method. A specific DNA aptamer was selected and confirmed through bioinformatics tools and docking software for binding to the surface of outer membrane protein U (OMP U) in <i>V. cholerae</i>. The aptamer sequence was synthesized, amplified, and used to coat the surface of GNPs. The effectiveness of the designed aptamer was evaluated for bacterial detection by observing the aggregation or non-aggregation of GNPs in the presence of NaCl. The colorimetric method and LSPR spectrum were used for final evaluation. The results of molecular docking indicated that the selected aptamer exhibited appropriate sensitivity and specificity in detecting the surface protein OMP U of the target bacteria in suspension. Additionally, the aptamer successfully detected bacteria with a detection limit of 10<sup>3</sup> CFU/mL within 80 min. It displayed a significant optical shift of 8 nm compared to the absorption peak of GNPs, indicating successful detection of <i>V. cholerae</i>. The designed aptasensor demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for <i>V. cholerae</i> and the potential for the development of rapid diagnostic kits to detect this bacterium.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"60 5","pages":"967 - 975"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hosoda, T. Takagi, A. Shimizu, A. Kato, H. Masui, T. Kato
{"title":"Biochemical Characterization and Electrochemical Cultivation of Halotolerant Autotrophic Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria Isolated from Electroplating Wastewater Sludge in Japan","authors":"A. Hosoda, T. Takagi, A. Shimizu, A. Kato, H. Masui, T. Kato","doi":"10.1134/S0003683824604025","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683824604025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aerobic and rod-shaped FO1 strain of iron-oxidizing bacteria was isolated from electroplating wastewater sludge using colloidal silica plates. Bacterial growth occurred at 25–30°C (optimum temperature, 27°C), pH 2.0–3.5, and in the presence of 1.0–4.0% NaCl. The X-ray diffraction analysis identified the precipitates that were formed during cell growth as jarosite. A biochemical analysis, including the assessments of the whole-cell fatty acids, quinone, and DNA G+C contents, revealed that FO1 was closely related to the genus <i>Acidihalobacter</i>. The 16S rRNA sequence of the <i>FO1</i> gene was similar to those of the <i>Acidihalobacter prosperus</i> DSM 5130 (97% similarity), <i>Ah. aeolianus</i> DSM 14174 (100%), and <i>Ah. yilgarnensis</i> DSM 105917 (100%) strains. Antibiotic sensitivity tests of strain FO1 revealed that it was tolerant for gentamicin, kanamycin, and tetracycline, whereas it was sensitive to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Moreover, strain FO1 was able to grow in a microbial electrolysis cell with continuous reduction of Fe<sup>3+</sup> to Fe<sup>2+</sup> on the cathode, albeit with a slight inhibition of cell growth. This study provides information regarding the genetics, bioleaching of metals, and electrochemical cultivation of halotolerant iron-oxidizing bacteria in the genus <i>Acidihalobacter</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"60 5","pages":"897 - 907"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Positive/Negative Selection Cassette for Red Recombination of BAC Clones","authors":"Y. Zhou, B. Xu, Z. Su, Z. Qin","doi":"10.1134/S0003683823602846","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683823602846","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conventional gene cloning methods always require tedious processes confined by PCR conditions and restriction sites, which might result in a large number of redundant fragments in the constructs. These shortages can be overcome by using DNA recombination methods. Homologous recombination in <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells was used to develop positive/negative cassette for phage λ red operon recombination. In the bi-functional cassette, the Ala294Gly α-subunit mutant of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (mPheS) was fused with the kanamycin-resistant (KanR) cassette under the control of the promoter of the <i>E. coli</i> gene NEOKAN as a single open reading frame (ORF) by PCR. KanR was utilized as a positive selection marker, while the mutant gene mPheS served as a negative selection marker. Two-step red-mediated recombination was used to replace the third exon of TMEM18 in the BAC clone RP23-25C13 with eGFP. Initially, the third TMEM18 exon in the BAC was replaced with the NEOKAN-mPheS-KanR cassette, and 40% of the clones on the positive selection plate (LB plate with kanamycin) were positive. The second step involved replacing the NEOKAN-mPheS-KanR cassette with eGFP in the modified BAC, and 60% of the clones on the negative plate (p-Cl-phe plate) were positive. Following the two steps, eGFP was used to replace the third exon of TMEM18 in the BAC. The NEOKAN-mPheS-KanR could be a promising choice as a positive/negative selection cassette for red recombination to establish constructs and make gene manipulation on BAC more applicable and effortless.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"60 4","pages":"757 - 764"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fungi as a Potential Source of Polyketides: A Review","authors":"A. Khajuria, S. Nonzom","doi":"10.1134/S0003683823603451","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683823603451","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fungi estimated to be more than 5.1 million species around the globe represent an invaluable source of innumerable natural products that can be screened for various bioactivities. They have provided society with some of the largest medical breakthroughs in modern era. Repeated isolation of known compounds has been a tough challenge for natural products research. Fungi especially microfungi, have proved themselves as potent producers of novel compounds to adapt themselves to diverse conditions including extreme habitats. This review highlights the importance of microfungal strains in the biosynthesis of polyketides, their biosynthetic pathways, isolation methods, structure elucidation and further their significance focusing on activity against various pathogenic strains, human cancer cell lines and other biological entities.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"60 4","pages":"554 - 598"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141362190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bioremediation Potential of Endophytes: a Promising Tool","authors":"S. Digra, S. Nonzom","doi":"10.1134/S0003683823602676","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683823602676","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the modern era of human progress and industrialization, various agricultural and industrial activities lead to the accumulation of excessive hazardous substances in the environment. These wastes are continuously being concentrated in agricultural soil or water, thereby affecting and threatening the lives of both flora and fauna. To treat these toxic substances, various physico-chemical practices are performed, which are ultimately associated with the production of other toxic chemicals in the environment. Some of the toxic products formed are recalcitrant and inert which further causes hindrances in the proper removal of contaminants from different pollutant sites. However, various biological approaches are being used nowadays for the remediation of these pollutants from the environment. Microbial bioremediation and phytoremediation represent such environment-friendly approaches that have been employed in the degradation of many of these chemicals. Among the microbes, endophytes are now considered a promising means of the remediation of different pollutants from their natural environments. Therefore, the review focuses on the use of endophytes in the treatment of different kinds of pollutants and highlights the potential of these microbial tools in the removal of heavy metals, plastic, and other contaminants from both terrestrial and aquatic habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"60 4","pages":"694 - 714"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}