Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Multilayered Carbohydrate–Protein Microfiber Scaffolds Formed by Basidiomycetes for Skin Bioengineering and Wound Healing Applications","authors":"E. V. Solovieva,&nbsp;O. I. Klein,&nbsp;T. D. Patsaev,&nbsp;S. N. Malakhov,&nbsp;A. A. Panteleyev","doi":"10.1134/S0003683825603634","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683825603634","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Naturally-derived macromolecules have high potential for the production of structural materials of biomedical issues. This study is one of the first attempts of the basidiomycete mycelia application as a source of virtually all natural biopolymers, suitable for use in skin bioengineering and wound healing. Multilayer protein-carbohydrate microfiber mycelial scaffolds were produced by growing naturally derived hymenophore cells of two Basidiomycota species, <i>Trametes hirsuta</i> and <i>Trametes pubescens</i>, in floating liquid culture. Chemical treatments with dimethyl sulfoxide, trichloroacetic acid, isopropanol or ethanol were conducted for the material modification and sterilization. The FTIR-ATR spectra analysis of intact and chemically treated mycelial mats showed the presence of carboxyl and amide peaks of polysaccharides glucan/mannans, proteins, chitin and lipids. Tensile strength for both types of mats was about 0.1 MPa, elongation at break of 24–39% and Young modulus of 0.26–0.55 MPa. We demonstrate the possibility of the formation of epidermis-like structure with the basal, spinous and cornified layers by HaCaT keratinocytes and successful wound healing of human skin xenograft wounds by using <i>T. pubescens</i> mycelial mats. The present technology is useful for production of cost effective, biocompatible multilayered scaffolds that possess a skin extracellular matrix-like structure, capable of maintaining the functional properties of the cellular components.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"341 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid-State Synthesis of Water-Dispersible Systems Based on Chitosan and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Properties","authors":"T. A. Akopova,&nbsp;T. N. Popyrina,&nbsp;A. Ya. Alkhair,&nbsp;P. L. Ivanov,&nbsp;O. V. Beznaeva,&nbsp;I. A. Kirsh","doi":"10.1134/S0003683825602197","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683825602197","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we describe mechanochemical approach as an environmentally friendly method to obtain a number of products based on chitosan. Their antibacterial activity against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> was assessed. It was shown for the first time that both the original chitosan obtained by the mechanochemical method and its derivatives and copolymers with biocompatible synthetic and natural polymers have moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria and weak activity against Gram-negative bacteria. The proposed approach is promising for the creation of biologically active solid compositions capable of being processed into final products due to ultradispersion and gelation in water with the possibility of use in the form of hydrogels, sprays, sponge and film materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"233 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Luteolin and Some Other Phenolics of Propolis as HIV-1-reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors","authors":"F. Ay,&nbsp;H. İ. Guler,&nbsp;A. O. Belduz,&nbsp;M. Sahinkaya,&nbsp;O. Yıldız,&nbsp;S. Kolayli,&nbsp;O. Demircan","doi":"10.1134/S0003683824607819","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683824607819","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The inhibitory effects of Anatolian propolis were investigated against Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT). The aim of the study was to assess the antiviral properties of the water-soluble propolis extract and to identify naturally occurring inhibitors within this type of propolis, with a specific focus on compounds demonstrating non-cytotoxic antiviral activity. To accomplish this, propolis extract’s antioxidant capacities (FRAP), radical scavenging activities, total flavonoids (TFC), and phenolic contents (TPC) were determined and found to be 1088.67 ± 43.30 (μmol FeSO₄∙7H₂O/g), 3.19 ± 0.11 mg/mL, 1.05 ± 0.1 (mg QE/g) and 56.31 ± 0.40 mg GAE/g), respectively. The content of the 2-kDa filtrate of extract was identified by the Orbitrap LC-MS, RP-HPLC-UV, HPLC-DAD. HIV-1 RT inhibition assays were performed for identified phenolic compounds, with dioxygen antibody for colorimetric detection and IC₅₀ values were determined against HIV-1 RT. The compounds (pinocembrin, luteolin, myricetin, quercetin, tannic acid, fisetin) with IC₅₀ values below 1 mM have shown a generally synergistic inhibitory effect in their binary combinations at IC₅₀ concentrations. Their combination exhibited an inhibitory effect equivalent to that in positive control presented by Nevirapine. The cytotoxic effects of the most effective 6 phenolic compounds were determined on Jurkat cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. This observation suggests that these compounds are suitable and promising candidates as potential raw materials for the development of anti-HIV-1 drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"377 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Chitosan-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles under In Situ and Ex-Situ Conditions and Their Biological Applications","authors":"M. R. Kodirkhonov,&nbsp;N. R. Vokhidova,&nbsp;S. Sh. Rashidova,&nbsp;J. M. Kadirkhanov,&nbsp;N. J. Abdullayev","doi":"10.1134/S0003683825602665","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683825602665","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Silver nanoparticles were obtained in the presence of 2-propanol under both in situ and ex situ conditions. It was established that the hydrodynamic radius and polydispersity of the particles increase with rising pH (6.0–11.0) due to the accelerated reduction of Ag⁺ ions. Variation of the chitosan molecular-weight parameters and the chitosan/Ag⁺ molar ratio (5–30) enabled controlled formation of stabilized nanoparticles ranging from 20 to 140 nm. The chitosan–silver nanoparticle dispersions in 0.2–0.5% aqueous acetic solutions demonstrated pronounced fungicidal activity against <i>Fusarium solani</i> 169, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> 280, and <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> 57, producing sterile zones of 31–34 mm.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"258 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Lipases: a Versatile Biocatalyst for Industrial Applications","authors":"P. Sangolgi,&nbsp;K. Kaul,&nbsp;B. Karmakar,&nbsp;N. Nanda,&nbsp;P. Khare","doi":"10.1134/S0003683825601660","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683825601660","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lipases have evolved from simple lipid-degrading enzymes into some of the most versatile biocatalysts known today. They not only hydrolyse fats at water-lipid interfaces but also catalyse a variety of reactions such as esterification, transesterification, and interesterification, in solvent-rich environments. This dual functionality has positioned lipases at the forefront of industrial biotechnology, where demand for sustainable, efficient, and selective catalysts continues to grow. Although lipases are found in plants, animals, and microorganisms, microbial lipases stand out for their broad substrate range and exceptional stability under diverse conditions, making them indispensable catalysts in industries spanning food, pharmaceuticals, detergents, and biofuels. Additionally, the rise of immobilization strategies has further increased their impact due to development of enzymes that are not only more robust but also have extended operational lifetimes, and lower process costs by enabling repeated use. This review provides an updated compilation of recent findings, highlighting promising lipase sources with substantial industrial potential and examining how advanced immobilization strategies facilitate their widespread application in various sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"323 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic Klebsiella pasteurii from Alliaria petiolata L. Produces DNA Gyrase-Inhibiting Metabolites with Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity","authors":"M. Khan,&nbsp;S. A. Khan,&nbsp;B. Lee,&nbsp;F. Hayat,&nbsp;S. H. Shah,&nbsp;M. Hamayun","doi":"10.1134/S0003683825603671","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683825603671","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance underscores the urgent need for novel antibacterial agents. In this study, we investigated the secondary metabolites produced by <i>Klebsiella pasteurii</i> strain AP5, an endophyte isolated from the flowers of the understudied plant <i>Alliaria petiolata</i> L., for their antibacterial activity and potential mechanism of action. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the crude extract revealed 12 bioactive compounds, with predominant constituents including pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione,hexahydro-3-(2-methyl)- (28.59%), Z-3-methyl-2-decene (21.34%), and pyrrolidino[1,2-a]piperazine-3,6-dione (18.70%). The extract demonstrated statistically significant antibacterial activity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), exhibiting inhibition zones against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (23.0 ± 2.82 mm), <i>Escherichia coli</i> (30.5 ± 0.70 mm), <i>Salmonella typhi</i> (28.5 ± 2.12 mm), <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. (28.5 ± 2.12 mm), <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (20.5 ± 0.70 mm), and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (26.5 ± 2.12 mm). <i>In silico</i> molecular docking analysis further supported the antibacterial potential of the identified compounds by predicting their strong binding affinities at the active site of bacterial DNA gyrase. These findings highlight the potential of endophytic <i>K. pasteurii</i> from <i>A. petiolata</i> as a promising source of novel antibacterial agents and suggest a mechanistic basis for their activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"366 - 376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic and Proteomic Alterations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 Induced by Prolonged Sub-MIC Gentamicin Exposure","authors":"T. K. O. Huynh,&nbsp;T. Q. Huynh,&nbsp;N. B. V. Tran,&nbsp;T. T. Thieu,&nbsp;T. T. V. Pham,&nbsp;T. P. Truong,&nbsp;V. A. Huynh,&nbsp;T. T. L. Trinh,&nbsp;T. H. Nguyen,&nbsp;Q. Lin,&nbsp;T. K. Lim,&nbsp;Q. Lin,&nbsp;T. T. H. Nguyen","doi":"10.1134/S0003683825603567","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683825603567","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gentamicin (Ge) plays a crucial role in treating infections caused by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. This study examined the effects of prolonged exposure of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> to sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC) of Ge. <i>P. aeruginosa</i> ATCC 9027 (initial strain) was exposed to sub-MIC Ge for 14 days (Ge-E1), then subsequently cultured in an antibiotic-free environment for 10 days (Ge-E2). Comparative analyses on antibiotic susceptibility profiles, morphology, key virulence features, proteome and noted target gene expression of the initial strain, Ge-E1 and Ge-E2 were performed. Resultedly, the initial strain shifted from being susceptible to Ge with an MIC of 2 μg/mL to resistant in Ge-E1 and Ge-E2 with an MIC of 256 and 128 μg/mL, respectively. Cross-resistance to multiple antibiotic classes was observed. Morphologically, Ge‑E1 exhibited a marked reduction in cell size, whereas Ge-E2 largely returned to its initial size. Regarding virulence, Ge exposure markedly suppressed rhamnolipid secretion, pyocyanin and pyoverdine production. Swarming motility was notably reduced in Ge-E1 and not fully reverted in Ge-E2. Proteomic analysis identified 994 proteins, of which approximately 47% were differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). A predominance of down-regulated proteins, primarily proteins related to ribosome function, cellular and metabolic processes, was found in both Ge-E1 and Ge-E2. Particularly, noted proteomic changes included the upregulation of <i>mvaT</i>, a global transcriptional regulator, and the down-regulation of <i>rpoB</i> and <i>rpsL</i>, involved in transcription and ribosomal function, respectively, as well as <i>oprD</i>, a porin protein linked to membrane transport. Furthermore, RT-qPCR results confirmed the proteomic data and further revealed downregulation of <i>rpoB</i>, <i>sdhA</i>, <i>phzM</i>, and <i>rpsL</i>, while <i>mvaT</i> and <i>rmpA</i> were consistently upregulated in both Ge-E1 and Ge-E2. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to sub-MIC levels of Ge induced stable resistance, relatively reversible phenotypic alterations, and coordinated transcriptional and proteomic responses in <i>P. aeruginosa</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"386 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Novel Genes Involved in Chronological Life Span Extension in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","authors":"Bora Kim","doi":"10.1134/S0003683824607522","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683824607522","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objectives of this study were to identify genes specifically associated with chronological life span extension and to elucidate the mechanisms of extension in <i>Saccharomyces</i> <i>cerevisiae</i>. In this study, two strains tolerant to oxidative stress and chronological life span extension were isolated through a transposon-mediated mutant library, and the disrupted genes were identified as <i>TDA10</i> and <i>TOH1</i>. In addition, the gene dosage of <i>TDA10</i> and <i>TOH1</i> was confirmed by qRT-PCR. In response to oxidative stress, mutant strains were found to reduce intracellular level of reactive oxygen species, increase expression of the <i>MSN2/4</i>, and induce the expression of cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase SOD1 and mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase SOD2.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"357 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Utility of Derivative and Multidimensional Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Studying the Intrinsic Fluorescence of Proteins","authors":"N. M. Malygina,&nbsp;A. Y. Lianguzov,&nbsp;T. A. Petrova,&nbsp;A. M. Ivanov","doi":"10.1134/S0003683825601180","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683825601180","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The properties of hemocyanin from the terrestrial gastropod <i>Achatina fulica</i>, a protein with an exceptionally high molecular mass and unique structure, were studied using derivative and multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. Bovine serum albumin and rabbit muscle aldolase were chosen for comparison. The fourth derivatives of single total fluorescence spectra of the proteins proved to be the most informative. To compute the derivatives, an original script in the R open programming language was developed. The excitation wavelength was set to 280 nm in correspondence with the overlap of tyrosine and tryptophan absorption bands. The fourth derivatives were found to be indicative of individual features of proteins, and thus they may be regarded as their spectral “portraits”. In the future, this approach can be applied not only to characterize other proteins and investigate the influence of different factors on them, but also to study compounds of non-protein nature. Multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopy only confirmed the conclusions made when recording single spectra of intrinsic fluorescence of the proteins. With that, in general, it may help to define the optimal excitation and emission wavelength ranges of analytes and thus to refine the parameters of their handling.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"62 1","pages":"167 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147341420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Phenolcarboxylic Acids on the Balance of Steroid Hormones in Triticale Plants at the Initial Stage of Development","authors":"R. P. Litvinovskaya,&nbsp;A. L. Sauchuk,&nbsp;D. V. Denisiuk,&nbsp;L. E. Kartyzhova,&nbsp;V. A. Khripach","doi":"10.1134/S0003683825602653","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0003683825602653","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of exogenous phenolic carboxylic acids (ferulic, gallic, salicylic, acetylsalicylic, and <i>p</i>-coumaric) on the content of brassinosteroids (BS) (groups of brassinolide, 24-epibrassinolide, 28-homobrassinolide, B-lactone, B-ketone, and B-deoxo derivatives) in the early stages of triticale plant development was studied. It has been shown that the steroid–hormonal status of plants changes when treated with phenolic acids (the content of almost all BS decreases per unit of plant mass) and depends on the structure of the acid used and its concentration. It was found that, 14 days after treatment, all the acids studied lead to an increase in growth (by 6–10%) and a significant increase in the weight of seedlings compared to the control. The most active at concentrations of 10^–7 and 10^–9 M were ferulic (an increase in raw weight by 38–47%) and acetylsalicylic acid (40–43%), as well as gallic acid at a concentration of 10^–7 M (50%). Changes caused by the regulatory action of phenolic acids may have direct significance for assessing the adaptive potential of plants and subsequent bioregulatory correction in agricultural technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":466,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology","volume":"62 1","pages":"159 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147341419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}