Earthquake Science最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the reactivation of historical landslides during the 2022 Luding MS6.8 earthquake","authors":"Tao Wei,&nbsp;Mingyao Xia,&nbsp;Xinxin Zhang,&nbsp;Shaojian Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>On September 5, 2022, a strong earthquake with a magnitude of <em>M</em>_S6.8 struck Luding County in Sichuan Province, China, triggering thousands of landslides along the Dadu River in the northwest-southeast (NW-SE) direction. We investigated the reactivation characteristics of historical landslides within the epicentral area of the Luding earthquake to identify the initiation mechanism of earthquake-induced landslides. Records of the two newly triggered and historical landslides were analyzed using manual and threshold methods; the spatial distribution of landslides was assessed in relation to topographical and geological factors using remote sensing images. This study sheds light on the spatial distribution patterns of landslides, especially those that occur above historical landslide areas. Our results revealed a similarity in the spatial distribution trends between historical landslides and new ones induced by earthquakes. These landslides tend to be concentrated within a range of 0.2 km from the river and 2 km from the fault. Notably, both rivers and faults predominantly influenced the reactivation of historical landslides. Remarkably, the reactivated landslides are characterized by their small to medium size and are predominantly situated in historical landslide zones. The number of reactivated landslides surpassed that of previously documented historical landslides within the study area. We provide insights into the critical factors responsible for historical landslides during the 2022 Luding earthquake, thereby enhancing our understanding of the potential implications for future co-seismic hazard assessments and mitigation strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 200-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674451924000399/pdfft?md5=0834e2e84b7fb1405335ac13fc74f845&pid=1-s2.0-S1674451924000399-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141231838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"South China Sea Typhoon Hagibis enhanced Xinfengjiang Reservoir seismicity","authors":"Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinlei Sun ,&nbsp;Yandi Zeng ,&nbsp;Zhuo Xiao ,&nbsp;Runqing Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There was an evident increase in the number of earthquakes in the Xinfengjiang Reservoir from June to July 2014 after the landing of Typhoon Hagibis. To understand the spatial and temporal evolution of this microseismicity, we built a high-precision earthquake catalog for 2014 and relocated 2275 events using recently developed methods for event picking and catalog construction. Seismicity occurred in the southeastern part of the reservoir, with the preferred fault plane orientation aligned along the Heyuan Fault. The total seismic energy peaked when the typhoon passed through the reservoir, and seismicity correlated with typhoon energy. In contrast, a limited seismic response was observed during the later Typhoon Rammasun. Combining data regarding the water level in the Xinfengjiang Reservoir and seismicity frequency changes in the Taiwan region during these two typhoon events, we suggest that typhoon activity may increase microseism energy by impacting fault stability around the Xinfengjiang Reservoir. Whether a fault can be activated also depends on how close the stress accumulation is to its failure point.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 210-223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674451924000405/pdfft?md5=d59f6bd3e003672e9e8101e0d9d1f91e&pid=1-s2.0-S1674451924000405-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141232824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coseismic deformation and fault slip distribution of the 2023 MW7.8 and MW7.6 earthquakes in Türkiye","authors":"Weikang Li ,&nbsp;Lijiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Kai Tan ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Lu ,&nbsp;Caihong Zhang ,&nbsp;Chengtao Li ,&nbsp;Shuaishuai Han","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>On February 6, 2023, a devastating earthquake with a moment magnitude of <em>M</em>_W7.8 struck the town of Pazarcik in south-central Türkiye, followed by another powerful earthquake with a moment magnitude of <em>M</em>_W7.6 that struck the nearby city of Elbistan 9 h later. To study the characteristics of surface deformation caused by this event and the influence of fault rupture, this study calculated the static coseismic deformation of 56 stations and dynamic displacement waveforms of 15 stations using data from the Turkish national fixed global navigation satellite system (GNSS) network. A maximum static coseismic displacement of 0.38 m for the <em>M</em>_W7.8 Kahramanmaras earthquake was observed at station ANTE, 36 km from the epicenter, and a maximum dynamic coseismic displacement of 4.4 m for the <em>M</em>_W7.6 Elbistan earthquake was observed at station EKZ1, 5 km from the epicenter. The rupture-slip distributions of the two earthquakes were inverted using GNSS coseismic deformation as a constraint. The results showed that the Kahramanmaras earthquake rupture segment was distinct and exposed on the ground, resulting in significant rupture slip along the Amanos and Pazarcik fault segments of the East Anatolian Fault. The maximum slip in the Pazarcik fault segment was 10.7 m, and rupture occurred at depths of 0–15 km. In the Cardak fault region, the Elbistan earthquake caused significant ruptures at depths of 0–12 km, with the largest amount of slip reaching 11.6 m. The Coulomb stress change caused by the Kahramanmaras earthquake rupture along the Cardak fault segment was approximately 2 bars, and the area of increased Coulomb stress corresponded to the subsequent rupture region of the <em>M</em>_W7.6 earthquake. Thus, it is likely that the <em>M</em>_W7.8 earthquake triggered or promoted the <em>M</em>_W7.6 earthquake. Based on the cumulative stress impact of the <em>M</em>_W7.8 and <em>M</em>_W7.6 events, the southwestern segment of the East Anatolian Fault, specifically the Amanos fault segment, experienced a Coulomb rupture stress change exceeding 2 bars, warranting further attention to assess its future seismic hazard risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 263-276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674451924000430/pdfft?md5=be15cb26581f4bb64ae64e7cd50db3ff&pid=1-s2.0-S1674451924000430-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141235330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong ground motion characteristics observed in the February 6, 2023 MW7.7 Türkiye earthquake","authors":"Faisal Mehraj Wani ,&nbsp;Jayaprakash Vemuri ,&nbsp;Chenna Rajaram","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Türkiye is located in a seismically active region, where the Anatolian, African, and Arabian tectonic plates converge. High seismic hazards cause the region to be struck repeatedly by major earthquakes. On February 06, 2023, a devastating <em>M</em>_W7.7 earthquake struck Türkiye at 01:17 am local time (01:17 UTC). In this regard, near and far-field ground motion data within the distance of 120 km are compiled and later characterized to identify the key ground motion intensity measures. Additionally, the vertical components of ground motions were examined to capture the complete three-dimensional nature of the seismic event. Moreover, the effect of Pulse-Like (PL) and Non-Pulse-Like (NPL) ground motion on a representative RC frame structure built as per the Türkiye code was investigated. The results indicate that PL behavior was observed in both horizontal and vertical components of ground motions and PL behavior were noted both near the epicenter and at higher distances from the epicenter. Moreover, the ratio of the peak vertical acceleration to peak horizontal acceleration at certain stations was found to be close to 1. Finally, the non-linear time history analysis of the representative reinforced concrete frame structure for ground motions recorded at stations located equidistant from the epicenter, indicated that PL ground motions led to more significant damage compared to NPL ground motions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 241-262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674451924000429/pdfft?md5=dec2731e949c8de78ee3b0f3073d50fa&pid=1-s2.0-S1674451924000429-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141233511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cascading multi-segment rupture process of the 2023 Turkish earthquake doublet on a complex fault system revealed by teleseismic P wave back projection method","authors":"Bonan Cao ,&nbsp;Zengxi Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.01.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqs.2024.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the vertical components of broadband teleseismic P wave data recorded by China Earthquake Network are used to image the rupture processes of the February 6th, 2023 Turkish earthquake doublet via back projection analysis. Data in two frequency bands (0.5–2 Hz and 1–3 Hz) are used in the imaging processes. The results show that the rupture of the first event extends about 200 km to the northeast and about 150 km to the southwest, lasting ∼90 s in total. The southwestern rupture is triggered by the northeastern rupture, demonstrating a sequential bidirectional unilateral rupture pattern. The rupture of the second event extends approximately 80 km in both northeast and west directions, lasting ∼35 s in total and demonstrates a typical bilateral rupture feature. The cascading ruptures on both sides also reflect the occurrence of selective rupture behaviors on bifurcated faults. In addition, we observe super-shear ruptures on certain fault sections with relatively straight fault structures and sparse aftershocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"37 2","pages":"Pages 158-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674451924000211/pdfft?md5=08724a6eb9ac5f365d0dcc5f1d792808&pid=1-s2.0-S1674451924000211-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations of shear-wave splitting parameters in the source region of the 2023 Türkiye doublet earthquakes","authors":"Xuelai Cao,&nbsp;Lijun Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.01.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqs.2024.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the shear-wave splitting parameters of local seismic events from the source regions of the 2023 Türkiye <em>M</em>_W7.7 and <em>M</em>_W7.6 doublet earthquakes (event 1 and event 2, respectively) were measured from June 1, 2022, to April 25, 2023, and their spatiotemporal characteristics were analyzed. The results revealed clear spatial and temporal differences. Spatially, the dominant fast-wave polarization direction at each station shows a strong correlation with the direction of the maximum horizontal principal compressive stress, as characterized by focal mechanism solutions of seismic events (<em>M</em>_W≥3.5) near the station. The dominant fast-wave polarization direction and the regional stress field also showed a strong correlation with the intermovement of the Arabian Plate, African Plate, and Anatolian Block. Along the Nurdagi-Pazarcik fault zone, the seismic fault of event 1, stations closer to the middle of the fault where the mainshock occurred exhibited notably greater delay times than stations located towards the ends of the fault and far from the mainshock. In addition, the stations located to the east of the Nurdagi-Pazarcik fault and to the north of the Sürgü fault also exhibited large delay times. The spatial distribution of shear-wave splitting parameters obtained from each station indicates that the upper-crust anisotropy in the source area is mainly controlled by the regional stress field, which is closely related to the state of the block motion. During the seismogenic process of the <em>M</em>_W7.7 earthquake, more stress accumulated in the middle of the Nurdagi-Pazarcik fault than at either end of the fault. Under the influence of the <em>M</em>_W7.7 and <em>M</em>_W7.6 events, the stress that accumulated during the seismogenic process of the earthquake doublet may have migrated towards some areas outside the aftershock intensive area after the earthquakes, and the crustal stress and its adjustment range near the outer stations increased significantly. With the exception of two stations with few effective events, all stations showed a consistent change in shear-wave splitting parameters over time. In particular, each station showed a decreasing trend in delay times after the doublet earthquakes, reflecting the obvious intensification of crustal stress adjustment in the seismogenic zone after the doublet earthquakes. With the occurrence of the earthquake doublet and a large number of aftershocks, the stress accumulated during the seismogenic process of the doublet earthquakes is gradually released, and then the adjustment range of crustal stress is also gradually reduced.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"37 2","pages":"Pages 174-187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167445192400020X/pdfft?md5=25902bb748fb39f75feb7ddd3666a177&pid=1-s2.0-S167445192400020X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crustal and uppermost mantle structure of the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau from joint inversion of surface wave dispersions and receiver functions with P velocity constraints","authors":"Pei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Song ,&nbsp;Jiangtao Li ,&nbsp;Xingchen Wang ,&nbsp;Xuezhen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.01.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqs.2024.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lithospheric structure beneath the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is of vital significance for studying the geodynamic processes of crustal thickening and expansion of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. We conducted a joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersions with P-wave velocity constraints using data from the ChinArray II temporary stations deployed across the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Prior to joint inversion, we applied the <em>H</em>-<em>κ</em>-c method (Li JT et al., 2019) to the receiver function data in order to correct for the back-azimuthal variations in the arrival times of Ps phases and crustal multiples caused by crustal anisotropy and dipping interfaces. High-resolution images of <em>v</em>_S, crustal thickness, and <em>v</em>_P/<em>v</em>_S structures in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau were simultaneously derived from the joint inversion. The seismic images reveal that crustal thickness decreases outward from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The stable interiors of the Ordos and Alxa blocks exhibited higher velocities and lower crustal <em>v</em>_P/<em>v</em>_S ratios. While, lower velocities and higher <em>v</em>_P/<em>v</em>_S ratios were observed beneath the Qilian Orogen and Songpan-Ganzi terrane (SPGZ), which are geologically active and mechanically weak, especially in the mid-lower crust. Delamination or thermal erosion of the lithosphere triggered by hot asthenospheric flow contributes to the observed uppermost mantle low-velocity zones (LVZs) in the SPGZ. The crustal thickness, <em>v</em>_S, and <em>v</em>_P/<em>v</em>_S ratios suggest that whole lithospheric shortening is a plausible mechanism for crustal thickening in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, supporting the idea of coupled lithospheric-scale deformation in this region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"37 2","pages":"Pages 93-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674451924000181/pdfft?md5=d68985c7d9bade2434ea6675dae33b91&pid=1-s2.0-S1674451924000181-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CREDIT-X1local: A reference dataset for machine learning seismology from ChinArray in Southwest China","authors":"Lu Li ,&nbsp;Weitao Wang ,&nbsp;Ziye Yu ,&nbsp;Yini Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.01.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqs.2024.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-quality datasets are critical for the development of advanced machine-learning algorithms in seismology. Here, we present an earthquake dataset based on the ChinArray Phase I records (X1). ChinArray Phase I was deployed in the southern north-south seismic zone (20° N–32° N, 95° E–110° E) in 2011–2013 using 355 portable broadband seismic stations. CREDIT-X1local, the first release of the ChinArray Reference Earthquake Dataset for Innovative Techniques (CREDIT), includes comprehensive information for the 105,455 local events that occurred in the southern north-south seismic zone during array observation, incorporating them into a single HDF5 file. Original 100-Hz sampled three-component waveforms are organized by event for stations within epicenter distances of 1,000 km, and records of ≥ 200 s are included for each waveform. Two types of phase labels are provided. The first includes manually picked labels for 5,999 events with magnitudes ≥ 2.0, providing 66,507 Pg, 42,310 Sg, 12,823 Pn, and 546 Sn phases. The second contains automatically labeled phases for 105,442 events with magnitudes of −1.6 to 7.6. These phases were picked using a recurrent neural network phase picker and screened using the corresponding travel time curves, resulting in 1,179,808 Pg, 884,281 Sg, 176,089 Pn, and 22,986 Sn phases. Additionally, first-motion polarities are included for 31,273 Pg phases. The event and station locations are provided, so that deep learning networks for both conventional phase picking and phase association can be trained and validated. The CREDIT-X1local dataset is the first million-scale dataset constructed from a dense seismic array, which is designed to support various multi-station deep-learning methods, high-precision focal mechanism inversion, and seismic tomography studies. Additionally, owing to the high seismicity in the southern north-south seismic zone in China, this dataset has great potential for future scientific discoveries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"37 2","pages":"Pages 139-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674451924000223/pdfft?md5=8e02eb44f9bdbf58fbce3bd1a13349cf&pid=1-s2.0-S1674451924000223-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in seismological methods for characterizing fault zone structure","authors":"Yan Cai ,&nbsp;Jianping Wu ,&nbsp;Yaning Liu ,&nbsp;Shijie Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.01.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqs.2024.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Large earthquakes frequently occur along complex fault systems. Understanding seismic rupture and long-term fault evolution requires constraining the geometric and material properties of fault zone structures. We provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in seismological methods used to study fault zone structures, including seismic tomography, fault zone seismic wave analysis, and seismicity analysis. Observational conditions limit our current ability to fully characterize fault zones, for example, insufficient imaging resolution to discern small-scale anomalies, incomplete capture of crucial fault zone seismic waves, and limited precision in event location accuracy. Dense seismic arrays can overcome these limitations and enable more detailed investigations of fault zone structures. Moreover, we present new insights into the structure of the Anninghe-Xiaojiang fault zone in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau based on data collected from a dense seismic array. We found that utilizing a dense seismic array can identify small-scale features within fault zones, aiding in the interpretation of fault zone geometry and material properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"37 2","pages":"Pages 122-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674451924000235/pdfft?md5=157007a99f8ccc19826cb362aefaf71a&pid=1-s2.0-S1674451924000235-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractal analysis of major faults and fractal dimension of lineaments in the Indo-Gangetic Plain on a regional scale","authors":"Vipin Chauhan,&nbsp;Jagabandhu Dixit","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.01.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqs.2024.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) is one of the most seismically vulnerable areas due to its proximity to the Himalayas. Geographic information system (GIS)-based seismic characterization of the IGP was performed based on the degree of deformation and fractal dimension. The zone between the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in the Himalayan Mountain Range (HMR) experienced large variations in earthquake magnitude, which were identified by Number-Size (NS) fractal modeling. The central IGP zone experienced only moderate to low mainshock levels. Fractal analysis of earthquake epicenters reveals a large scattering of earthquake epicenters in the HMR and central IGP zones. Similarly, the fault fractal analysis identifies the HMR, central IGP, and south-western IGP zones as having more faults. Overall, the seismicity of the study region is strong in the central IGP, south-western IGP, and HMR zones, moderate in the western and southern IGP, and low in the northern, eastern, and south-eastern IGP zones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"37 2","pages":"Pages 107-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674451924000193/pdfft?md5=2b5ba5408714428e5ca9637a210c7ec7&pid=1-s2.0-S1674451924000193-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}