Earthquake Science最新文献

{"title":"Basic processing of the InSight seismic data from Mars for further seismological research","authors":"Shuguang Wang ,&nbsp;Shuoxian Ning ,&nbsp;Zhixiang Yao ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Li ,&nbsp;Wanbo Xiao ,&nbsp;Tianfan Yan ,&nbsp;Feng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The InSight mission has obtained seismic data from Mars, offering new insights into the planet’s internal structure and seismic activity. However, the raw data released to the public contain various sources of noise, such as ticks and glitches, which hamper further seismological studies. This paper presents step-by-step processing of InSight’s Very Broad Band seismic data, focusing on the suppression and removal of non-seismic noise. The processing stages include tick noise removal, glitch signal suppression, multicomponent synchronization, instrument response correction, and rotation of orthogonal components. The processed datasets and associated codes are openly accessible and will support ongoing efforts to explore the geophysical properties of Mars and contribute to the broader field of planetary seismology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 5","pages":"Pages 450-460"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution 3D S-wave velocity structure in northwestern Sichuan-Yunnan Block derived from ambient noise tomography","authors":"Shanshan Jia ,&nbsp;Laiyu Lu ,&nbsp;Yutao Shi ,&nbsp;Pingping Wu ,&nbsp;Lijun Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sichuan-Yunnan Block is located on the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and has frequent seismic activity on the western border, posing a potential threat to human society and economic development. Therefore, it is important to understand its geological evolution, assess earthquake risks, and formulate scientific and reasonable disaster prevention and mitigation strategies. Using 23 months of continuous ambient noise records from 81 seismic stations, we obtained 1248 phase-velocity dispersion curves of the fundamental Rayleigh wave at 5–50 s. The three-dimensional (3D) S-wave velocity structure in the northwestern Sichuan-Yunnan Block was obtained by pure-path and depth inversion. The results show that three low-velocity anomalous bands were distributed nearly north-to-south (N-S) at depths of 10–35 km. The overall shape of the low-velocity channel gradually shifted from southeast to southwest because of the influence of the Panzhihua high-velocity blocks. The low-velocity strip consists of three branches, with the first branch extending southwest from the northern part of the Lancangjiang Fault. The second branch is distributed in the N-S direction and is blocked by two high-velocity bodies near the Longpan-Qiaohou and Honghe faults. The third branch crosses the research area from N-S and gradually extends from southeast to southwest and from shallow to deep. The three low-velocity anomaly distribution areas are likely the most severely deformed areas of the collision between the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and Yangtze Block. The results provide a more detailed understanding of the deep structure of the western boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan Block crustal low-velocity anomalies and reliable geophysical evidence for the morphology and continuity of crustal flows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 5","pages":"Pages 408-426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of the waveform stacking-based microseismic location method in the southern Sichuan Basin of China","authors":"Lei Li ,&nbsp;Jiacheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuyang Tan ,&nbsp;Ling Peng ,&nbsp;Junlun Li ,&nbsp;Jincheng Xu ,&nbsp;Jianxin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic source locations can characterize the spatial and temporal distributions of seismic sources, and can provide important basic data for earthquake disaster monitoring, fault activity characterization, and fracture growth interpretation. Waveform stacking-based location methods invert the source locations by focusing the source energy with multichannel waveforms, and these methods exhibit a high level of automation and noise-resistance. Taking the cross-correlation stacking (CCS) method as an example, this work attempts to study the influential factors of waveform stacking-based methods, and introduces a comprehensive performance evaluation scheme based on multiple parameters and indicators. The waveform data are from field monitoring of induced microseismicity in the Changning region (southern Sichuan Basin of China). Synthetic and field data tests reveal the impacts of three categories of factors on waveform stacking-based location: velocity model, monitoring array, and waveform complexity. The location performance is evaluated and further improved in terms of the source imaging resolution and location error. Denser array monitoring contributes to better constraining source depth and location reliability, but the combined impact of multiple factors, such as velocity model uncertainty and multiple seismic phases, increases the complexity of locating field microseismic events. Finally, the aspects of location uncertainty, phase detection, and artificial intelligence-based location are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 5","pages":"Pages 427-440"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CrazyBeachball: A MATLAB GUI-based software package for focal mechanism inversion","authors":"Xianwei Zeng ,&nbsp;Chunquan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present CrazyBeachball, a MATLAB-based graphical user interface (GUI) software package designed for focal mechanism inversion using P-wave first-motion polarity and S/P amplitude ratio data. CrazyBeachball integrates seismic waveform visualization, first-motion polarity picking, and focal mechanism inversion into a single, interactive platform. Unlike conventional methods that involve separate, independent steps, CrazyBeachball streamlines the process and eliminates the need for external data conversion. Its user-friendly interface allows for efficient focal mechanism determination, while its human-machine interaction facilitates enhanced quality control. We demonstrate its effectiveness by determining focal mechanisms for 21 aftershocks from the 2021 <em>M</em>_S6.4 Yangbi earthquake sequence, with results aligning with the regional stress field and fault zone geometry. This open-source software package also allows for user customization, enabling adaptation for specific research needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 5","pages":"Pages 441-449"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dilatancy-diffusion hypothesis, earthquake prediction, and operational earthquake forecasting: In memory of Professor Amos Nur on the 50th Anniversary of the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake","authors":"Lanbo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dilatancy is referred to the phenomenon of volume increase that occurs when a material is deformed. Dilatancy theory originated in geomechanics for the study of the behavior of granular materials. Later it is expanded to the case of more brittle materials like rocks when it is subjected to the load of varying effective stress and starts to crack and deform, then named the dilatancy-diffusion hypothesis. This hypothesis was developed to explain the changes in rock volume and pore pressure that occur prior to and during fault slip, which can influence earthquake dynamics. Dilatancy-fluid diffusion is a significant concept in understanding the seismogenic process and has served as the major theoretical pillar for earthquake prediction by its classic definition. This paper starts with the recount of fundamental laboratory experiments on granular materials and rocks, then conducts review and examination of the history for using the dilatancy-diffusion hypothesis to interpret the ‘prediction’ of the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake and other events. The Haicheng Earthquake is the first significant event to be interpreted with the dilatancy-diffusion hypothesis in the world. As one pivotal figure in the development of the dilatancy-diffusion hypothesis for earthquake prediction Professor Amos Nur of Stanford University worked tirelessly to attract societal attention to this important scientific and humanistic issue. As a deterministic physical model the dilatancy-diffusion hypothesis intrinsically bears the deficit to interpret the stochastic seismogenic process. With the emergence of deep learning and its successful applications to many science and technology fields, we may see a possibility to overcome the shortcoming of the current state of the theory with the addition of empirical statistics to push the operational earthquake forecasting approach with the addition of the physically-informed neural networks which adopt the dilatancy-diffusion hypothesis as one of its embedded physical relations, to uplift the seismic risk reduction to a new level for saving lives and reducing the losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 5","pages":"Pages 465-484"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of rupture directivity of the 2024 Feidong M4.7 earthquake using one single near-source station","authors":"Suli Yao ,&nbsp;Zhigao Yang ,&nbsp;Hongfeng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining the rupture directivity for small earthquakes is challenging due to the small source dimension and limited resolution of far-field observations. In recent years, the burst of near-source observations provides great opportunities to study earthquake rupture. Here we present the rapid determination of the rupture directivity for the 2024 Feidong <em>M</em>4.7 earthquake using only one strong motion station located 4 km from the epicenter. We find that the polarization of S waves evolves during the rupture, indicating an azimuth change during the rupture propagation. Through comparing the data with the synthetic waveforms, we infer that the <em>M</em>4.7 event propagated dominantly to the southwest on the dextral Tanlu fault. Our inference is further validated through comparing the data with records at local stations for <em>M</em>3 earthquakes in the Feidong sequence. Our study highlights the superior application of near-source observations in earthquake source studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 5","pages":"Pages 399-407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science knows no borders: Memories of Professor Rong-Sheng Zeng, a pioneering figure of modern geophysics in China","authors":"Wang-Ping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 5","pages":"Pages 461-464"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraslab seismicity characteristics of northern Chile","authors":"Zixin Chen ,&nbsp;Lei Gao ,&nbsp;Haijiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shaobo Yang ,&nbsp;Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Diana Comte","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Chilean subduction zone is one of the most seismically active regions globally, characterized by extensive intermediate-depth seismicity in the slab. In this study, we construct a new earthquake catalog for northern Chile using seismic waveforms assembled for the period of 2014−2019, from which 320,070 P-wave and 232,907 S-wave first arrivals are obtained for 25,763 earthquakes. Grid search location method NonLinLoc is applied to determine initial earthquake locations and double-difference location method is used to improve relative event locations. The distribution of earthquakes exhibits distinct patterns to the north and south of 21°S. There are many more earthquakes deeper than ∼150 km to the south of 21°S, while relatively fewer to the north. The intraslab earthquakes shallower than ∼80 km generally reveal a distinct double seismic zone, and the gap between the two seismic planes disappears at a depth of approximately ∼80 km, followed by a concentration of seismicity in the depth range of ∼80−150 km. In the deeper slab, there exist several seismicity clusters with distinct earthquake activities down to ∼300 km. These characteristics shown in slab seismicity are likely caused by different mechanisms and can be helpful for understanding the subduction process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 4","pages":"Pages 273-287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic evidence for a thickened mantle transition zone beneath the Kamchatka subduction zone","authors":"Qinghui Cui ,&nbsp;Yuanze Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuan Gao ,&nbsp;Ran Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structures of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) are of great significance for studying interactions of the subducted slab and deep mantle and related slab dynamics beneath subduction zones. Here by dense near-source SdP sampling from a large global dataset, we image topographies of transition zone discontinuities such as the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities (410 and 660) beneath the Kamchatka and conduct cross-section comparisons with the seismicity. Compared with the IASP91 model, the 410 exhibits apparent uplifts of 45−65 km with an average of 55 km in a horizontal width of ∼130 km, corresponding to low-temperature anomalies of 750−1083 K with an average of 916 K. In contrast, the 660 shows depressions of 15−37 km with an average of 25 km together with downward deflections in a width of ∼260 km, implying low-temperature anomalies of 161−397 K with an average of 268 K. Thus, we confirm a thickened MTZ with a thickness of 325−345 km around the cold descending Pacific slab. We suggest that topographic patterns of transition zone discontinuities imply a Pacific slab that has been significantly heated in the MTZ with broadened thermal effects on the 660. When considered along with other studies, we infer that the slab is possibly heated by hot mantle flows around the torn slab window extended to at least the MTZ range, thus inducing variations in thermal and rheological properties of the slab. Our seismic results can provide more insight into slab dynamics in the northwestern Pacific.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 4","pages":"Pages 288-303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreshocks of the 2016 MS5.1 Yunlong earthquake in Western Yunnan, China, and implications for earthquake nucleation","authors":"Gaohua Zhu ,&nbsp;Hongfeng Yang ,&nbsp;Yingying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring the evolution of foreshocks can be a valuable way to analyze the nucleation process. Foreshocks accompanying moderate mainshocks have been recorded in the west of Yunnan Province, China. We obtain the earthquake catalog and source parameters of the 2016 Yunlong foreshocks, and discuss the implications for the nucleation processes of the earthquake in western Yunnan, China. By using the matched filter detection, we identify 343 foreshocks with a magnitude of −0.8−4.5, starting with a magnitude 1.0 foreshock approximately 3 months before the 2016 <em>M</em>_S5.1 Yunlong mainshock. The spatial distribution of foreshocks doesn’t show localization or directional migration towards the mainshock. Coulomb stress analysis suggests a positive stress perturbation at the mainshock nucleate area. These observations indicate a cascade-triggering mechanism of the 2016 Yunlong earthquakes. We further collect published catalogs of 2021 Yangbi and 2017 Yangbi foreshocks in the adjacent area, and analyze the temporal changes in <em>b</em> values. The temporal changes in <em>b</em> values reveal precursory drops before the mainshocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 4","pages":"Pages 363-374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}