Earthquake Science最新文献_第2页

High resolution catalog of the Luxian (Sichuan, China) MS6.0 earthquake sequence and analysis of the seismogenic structures

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Earthquake Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.004

Huili Guo , Dahu Li , Pingping Wu , Qiyan Yang , Ningbo Jiang , Mi Gao , Zhifeng Ding

{"title":"High resolution catalog of the Luxian (Sichuan, China) MS6.0 earthquake sequence and analysis of the seismogenic structures","authors":"Huili Guo , Dahu Li , Pingping Wu , Qiyan Yang , Ningbo Jiang , Mi Gao , Zhifeng Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The epicenter of the Luxian <em>M</em><sub>S</sub>6.0 earthquake on September 16, 2021, was located in the southern Sichuan Basin, which is a historically seismically quiescent area. In recent years, the frequency of earthquakes has increased with the large-scale exploitation of shale gas. No evident surface fractures or seismic faults were observed after the Luxian earthquake. Based on high-quality data recorded by a dense seismic array composed of 70 portable stations with an average spacing of 2–3 km, a high-resolution seismic catalog was constructed for 7 days before and 36 days after the <em>M</em><sub>S</sub>6.0 earthquake using LOC-FLOW, an effective workflow of phase picking, phase association, and earthquake location. Based on the new earthquake catalog, four earthquake clusters that occurred within the Yujiasi Syncline during this period were identified. Among them, the <em>M</em><sub>S</sub>6.0 main earthquake sequence had a NW-SE trend and inclined towards the SW, with a length of approximately 8 km and width of 5 km. The <em>M</em><sub>S</sub>6.0 earthquake sequence only appeared after the mainshock. The other three clusters were located in the northeast direction of the <em>M</em><sub>S</sub>6.0 earthquake sequence, all of which were NE-SW trending strips and had no evident direct correlation with the <em>M</em><sub>S</sub>6.0 mainshock. The focal depth was concentrated in the range of 2–7 km. Based on the seismic sequence profile and structural background, the <em>M</em><sub>S</sub>6.0 seismic structure may be a blind buried fault zone with a NW strike composed of multiple small conjugate faults with NE and SW dip. The fault was not exposed on the surface and was related to the detachment structure in the deep part of the Sichuan Basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 33-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An illustrated guide to: Distributed and integrated fibre-optic sensing in seismology

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Earthquake Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.006

Andreas Fichtner , Fabian Walter , Patrick Paitz , Sara Klaasen , Daniel C. Bowden , Sebastian Noe , Nils Müller , Dominik Husmann , Jacques Morel

引用次数: 0

Machine learning-based aftershock seismicity of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake controlled by flat-ramp geometry and a tear fault

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Earthquake Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.05.002

Yeyang Kuang , Jiangtao Li

{"title":"Machine learning-based aftershock seismicity of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake controlled by flat-ramp geometry and a tear fault","authors":"Yeyang Kuang , Jiangtao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT), where the 2015 <em>M</em><sub>W</sub>7.8 Gorkha earthquake occurred, features the most seismicity of any structure in Nepal. The structural complexity of the MHT makes it difficult to obtain a definitive interpretation of deep seismogenic structures. The application of new methods and data in this region is necessary to enhance local seismic hazard analyses. In this study, we used a well-designed machine learning-based earthquake location workflow (LOC-FLOW), which incorporates machine learning phase picking, phase association, absolute location, and double-difference relative location, to process seismic data collected by the Hi-CLIMB and NAMASTE seismic networks. We built a high-precision earthquake catalog of both the quiet-period and aftershock seismicity in this region. The seismicity distribution suggests that the quiet-period seismicity (388 events) was controlled by a mid-crustal ramp and the aftershock seismicity (12,669 events) was controlled by several geological structures of the MHT. The higher-level detail of the catalogs derived from this machine learning method reveal clearer structural characteristics, showing how the flat-ramp geometry and a possible duplex structure affect the depth distribution of the seismic events, and how a tear fault changes this distribution along strike.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 17-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post-rifting magmatism at the northern margin of the South China Sea: Evidenced by an ocean bottom seismometer experiment

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Earthquake Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.05.001

Lu Zhang , Chen Cai , Rui Gao

{"title":"Post-rifting magmatism at the northern margin of the South China Sea: Evidenced by an ocean bottom seismometer experiment","authors":"Lu Zhang , Chen Cai , Rui Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magmatism at continental margins is of great significance in understanding the continental rifting. We present a two-dimensional P-wave velocity model derived from an ocean bottom seismometer experiment, conducted across the middle northern continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS). The detailed velocity structures reveal significant heterogeneities extending from the continental shelf to the continent-ocean transition zone. The crust exhibits its greatest thickness below the continental shelf, measuring ∼23 km and gradually thins to ∼13 km at the distal margin. Furthermore, a narrow and distinct continent-ocean transition with only 40-km width is revealed. We also observe a high-velocity layer within the transition zone, reaching thickness of up to 4 km, characterized by P-wave velocities ranging from 7.0 km/s to 7.6 km/s in the lower crust. Based on the syn-rift melt generation using decompression melting model, we ascertain that syn-rift magmatism cannot fully account for the observed thick high-velocity layer. By integrating findings from previous geophysical and geochemical studies presenting extensive volcanic edifice on the seafloor at the northern margin, as well as ocean-island-basalt-type magmatic samples in the SCS area, we propose that post-rifting magmatism associated with the Hainan Plume may have influenced the formation of the high-velocity lower crust within the transition zone and the northern margin of the SCS can thus be recognized as magma-poor type margin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Earthquake Science Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.05.004

Feng Huang , Xueyang Bao , Qili Andy Dai , Xinfu Li

{"title":"Structural similarity of lithospheric velocity models of Chinese mainland","authors":"Feng Huang , Xueyang Bao , Qili Andy Dai , Xinfu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing lithospheric velocity models exhibit similar structures typically associated with the first-order tectonic features, with dissimilarities due to different data and methods used in model generation. The quantification of model structural similarity can help in interpreting the geophysical properties of Earth’s interior and establishing unified models crucial in natural hazard assessment and resource exploration. Here we employ the complex wavelet structural similarity index measure (CW-SSIM) active in computer image processing to analyze the structural similarity of four lithospheric velocity models of Chinese mainland published in the past decade. We take advantage of this method in its multiscale definition and insensitivity to slight geometrical distortion like translation and scaling, which is particularly crucial in the structural similarity analysis of velocity models accounting for uncertainty and resolution. Our results show that the CW-SSIM values vary in different model pairs, horizontal locations, and depths. While variations in the inter-model CW-SSIM are partly owing to different databases in the model generation, the difference of tomography methods may significantly impact the similar structural features of models, such as the low similarities between the full-wave based FWEA18 and other three models in northeastern China. We finally suggest potential solutions for the next generation of tomographic modeling in different areas according to corresponding structural similarities of existing models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"37 6","pages":"Pages 514-528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An illustrated guide to: Parsimonious multi-scale full-waveform inversion 图解指南准多尺度全波形反演

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Earthquake Science Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.07.004

Andreas Fichtner, Solvi Thrastarson, Dirk-Philip van Herwaarden, Sebastian Noe

{"title":"An illustrated guide to: Parsimonious multi-scale full-waveform inversion","authors":"Andreas Fichtner, Solvi Thrastarson, Dirk-Philip van Herwaarden, Sebastian Noe","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Having been a seemingly unreachable ideal for decades, 3-D full-waveform inversion applied to massive seismic datasets has become reality in recent years. Often achieving unprecedented resolution, it has provided new insight into the structure of the Earth, from the upper few metres of soil to the entire globe. Motivated by these successes, the technology is now being translated to medical ultrasound and non-destructive testing. Despite remarkable progress, the computational cost of full-waveform inversion continues to be a major concern. It limits the amount of data that can be exploited, and it largely inhibits quantitative and comprehensive uncertainty analyses. These notes complement a presentation on recent developments in full-waveform inversion that are intended to reduce computational cost and assimilate more data, thereby improving tomographic resolution. The suite of strategies includes flexible and user-friendly spectral-element simulations, the design of wavefield-adapted meshes that harness prior information on wavefield geometry, dynamic mini-batch optimisation that naturally takes advantage of data redundancies, and collaborative multi-scale updating to jointly constrain crustal and mantle structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"37 6","pages":"Pages 574-583"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of crustal deformation and associated strong motions induced by the 2022 Paktika earthquake, Afghanistan 对 2022 年阿富汗帕克蒂卡地震诱发的地壳变形和相关强烈运动的评估

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Earthquake Science Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.07.001

A. Bari Jahed , Ömer Aydan , Takashi Ito , Naoki Iwata

{"title":"Evaluation of crustal deformation and associated strong motions induced by the 2022 Paktika earthquake, Afghanistan","authors":"A. Bari Jahed , Ömer Aydan , Takashi Ito , Naoki Iwata","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 2022 Paktika earthquake (moment magnitude: 6.2) occurred on June 22, 2022, near the border between the Khost and Paktika Provinces of Afghanistan, causing heavy damage and casualties in Paktika Province. This study evaluated the crustal deformation and associated strong motions induced by the Paktika earthquake. Crustal deformations were determined using the Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) technique and three-dimensional finite element method (3D-FEM) and the results were compared. The permanent ground displacements obtained from the DInSAR and 3D-FEM analyses were similar in terms of amplitude and areal distribution. Strong motions were estimated using the 3D-FEM with and without considering regional topography. The estimations of maximum ground acceleration, velocity, and permanent ground deformations were compared among each other as well as with those inferred from failures of some simple structures in the Spera and Gayan districts. The inferred maximum ground acceleration and velocity from the failed adobe structures were more than 300 Gal and 50 cm/s, respectively, nearly consistent with the estimates obtained using empirical methods. The empirical method yielded a maximum ground acceleration of 347 Gal, whereas the maximum ground velocity was approximately 50 cm/s. In light of these findings, some surface expressions of crustal deformations and strong ground motions, such as failures of soil and rock slopes and rockfalls, have been presented. The rock slope failures in the epicentral area were consistent with those observed during various earthquakes in Afghanistan and worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"37 6","pages":"Pages 546-557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seismogenic model of the 2023 MW5.5 Pingyuan earthquake in North China Plain and its tectonic implications 2023 年华北平原 MW5.5 级平原地震的成震模式及其构造影响

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Earthquake Science Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.06.008

Shiguang Wang , Libo Han , Junju Xie , Liping Fan , Xiang Huang , Jinmeng Bi , Hongfeng Yang , Lihua Fang

{"title":"Seismogenic model of the 2023 MW5.5 Pingyuan earthquake in North China Plain and its tectonic implications","authors":"Shiguang Wang , Libo Han , Junju Xie , Liping Fan , Xiang Huang , Jinmeng Bi , Hongfeng Yang , Lihua Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 6 August 2023 <em>M</em><sub>W</sub>5.5 Pingyuan earthquake is the largest earthquake in the central North China Plain (NCP) over the past two decades. Due to the thick sedimentary cover, no corresponding active faults have been reported yet in the epicenter area. Thus, this earthquake presents a unique opportunity to delve into the buried active faults beneath the NCP. By integrating strong ground motion records, high-precision aftershock sequence relocation, and focal mechanism solutions, we gain insights into the seismotectonics of the Pingyuan earthquake. The aftershocks are clustered at depths ranging from 15 to 20 km and delineate a NE-SW trend, consistent with the distribution of ground motion records. A NE-SW nodal plane (226°) of the focal mechanism solutions is also derived from regional waveform inversion, suggesting that the mainshock was dominated by strike-slip motion with minor normal faulting component. Integrating regional geological data, we propose that an unrecognized fault between the NE-SW trending Gaotang and Lingxian-Yangxin faults is the seismogenic fault of this event. Based on the S-wave velocity structure beneath the NCP, this fault probably extends into the lower crust with a high angle. Considering the tectonic regime and stress state, we speculate that the interplay of shear strain between the Amurian and South China blocks and the hot upwelling magma from the subducted paleo Pacific flat slab significantly contributed to the generation of the Pingyuan earthquake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"37 6","pages":"Pages 499-513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the effects of model parameter assumptions on surface-wave inversion results 评估模型参数假设对面波反演结果的影响

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Earthquake Science Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.07.002

Xuezhen Zhang , Xiaodong Song

{"title":"Assessing the effects of model parameter assumptions on surface-wave inversion results","authors":"Xuezhen Zhang , Xiaodong Song","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface-wave inversion is a powerful tool for revealing the Earth’s internal structure. However, aside from shear-wave velocity (<em>v</em><sub>S</sub>), other parameters can influence the inversion outcomes, yet these have not been systematically discussed. This study investigates the influence of various parameter assumptions on the results of surface-wave inversion, including the compressional and shear velocity ratio (<em>v</em><sub>P</sub>/<em>v</em><sub>S</sub>), shear-wave attenuation (<em>Q</em><sub>S</sub>), density (<em>ρ</em>), Moho interface, and sedimentary layer. We constructed synthetic models to generate dispersion data and compared the obtained results with different parameter assumptions with those of the true model. The results indicate that the <em>v</em><sub>P</sub>/<em>v</em><sub>S</sub> ratio, <em>Q</em><sub>S</sub>, and density (<em>ρ</em>) have minimal effects on absolute velocity values and perturbation patterns in the inversion. Conversely, assumptions about the Moho interface and sedimentary layer significantly influenced absolute velocity values and perturbation patterns. Introducing an erroneous Moho-interface depth in the initial model of the inversion significantly affected the <em>v</em><sub>S</sub> model near that depth, while using a smooth initial model results in relatively minor deviations. The assumption on the sedimentary layer not only affects shallow structure results but also impacts the result at greater depths. Non-linear inversion methods outperform linear inversion methods, particularly for the assumptions of the Moho interface and sedimentary layer. Joint inversion with other data types, such as receiver functions or Rayleigh wave ellipticity, and using data from a broader period range or higher-mode surface waves, can mitigate these deviations. Furthermore, incorporating more accurate prior information can improve inversion results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"37 6","pages":"Pages 529-545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An open access dataset for strong-motion data (PGA, PGV, and Site VS) of 2023 M6.2 Jishishan, Gansu, China earthquake 2023 年中国甘肃积石山 M6.2 级地震强震数据（PGA、PGV 和场地 VS）的开放访问数据集

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Earthquake Science Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.04.002

Jian Zhou , Li Li , Nan Xi , Kun Chen , Xin Tian , Chao Wang , Jifeng Tian

引用次数: 0