Earthquake Science最新文献

{"title":"Multi-parameter modeling and analysis of ground motion amplification in the Quaternary sedimentary basin of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region","authors":"Hong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Basin effect was first described following the analysis of seismic ground motion associated with the 1985 <em>M</em>_W8.1 earthquake in Mexico. Basins affect the propagation of seismic waves through various mechanisms, and several unique phenomena, such as the basin edge effect, basin focusing effect, and basin-induced secondary waves, have been observed. Understanding and quantitatively predicting these phenomena are crucial for earthquake disaster reduction. Some pioneering studies in this field have proposed a quantitative relationship between the basin effect on ground motion and basin depth. Unfortunately, basin effect phenomena predicted using a model based only on basin depth exhibit large deviations from actual distributions, implying the severe shortcomings of single-parameter basin effect modeling. Quaternary sediments are thick and widely distributed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The seismic media inside and outside of this basin have significantly different physical properties, and the basin bottom forms an interface with strong seismic reflections. In this study, we established a three-dimensional structure model of the Quaternary sedimentary basin based on the velocity structure model of the North China Craton and used it to simulate the ground motion under a strong earthquake following the spectral element method, obtaining the spatial distribution characteristics of the ground motion amplification ratio throughout the basin. The back-propagation(BP) neural network algorithm was then introduced to establish a multi-parameter mathematical model for predicting ground motion amplification ratios, with the seismic source location, physical property ratio of the media inside and outside the basin, seismic wave frequency, and basin shape as the input parameters. We then examined the main factors influencing the amplification of seismic ground motion in basins based on the prediction results, and concluded that the main factors influencing the basin effect are basin shape and differences in the physical properties of media inside and outside the basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 2","pages":"Pages 136-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The quest for good research ideas","authors":"John Emilio Vidale","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The search for new research ideas is a central challenge for many scientists. Over the past four decades, I have formed opinions on methods for discerning promising paths from how my own work has advanced in fits and starts. I list five criteria whose relevance and utility I have assessed based on my checkered history of research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 2","pages":"Pages 152-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-quality control of receiver functions using a capsule neural network","authors":"Mona H. Hegazi ,&nbsp;Ahmad M. Faried ,&nbsp;Omar M. Saad","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Red Sea-Gulf of Suez-Cairo-Alexandria Clysmic-Trend in northern Egypt is the main earthquake zone in the country, with a moderate-to-high seismic hazard and a history of significant earthquakes caused by rifting and active faulting. To improve our understanding of the tectonic and seismic processes in this area, more comprehensive imaging of the crustal structure is required. This can be achieved by increasing the number of receiver functions (RFs) recorded by the seismic stations in northern Egypt and the southeastern Mediterranean. Data handling and processing should also be automated to increase process efficiency. In this study, we developed a capsule neural network for automated selection of RFs. The model was trained on a dataset containing RFs (both selected and unselected) from five broadband stations in northern Egypt. Stations SLM, SIWA, KOT, NBNS, and NKL are located in the unstable shelf region of Egypt, where limited knowledge of the deep crustal structure is available. The proposed capsule neural network achieved an average precision of 80% on the test set. The automated selection of RFs using a capsule neural network has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of RF analysis, as demonstrated by the stacking test. This could lead to a better understanding of crustal structure and tectonic processes in northern Egypt and the southeastern Mediterranean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 2","pages":"Pages 93-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of the focus issue on enhancing earthquake research through geomagnetic and seismic data analysis","authors":"Frédéric Masson ,&nbsp;Omar M. Saad ,&nbsp;Mohamed Abdel Zaher ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Song","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 2","pages":"Pages 79-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring seismic velocity changes in the Dongtan Coal Mine using ambient noise correlation","authors":"Chao Kong ,&nbsp;Kai Zhan ,&nbsp;Xiaotao Wen ,&nbsp;Ping Song ,&nbsp;Lianhai Zhang ,&nbsp;Hanying Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzed ambient seismic noise using the MSNoise package to monitor temporal changes in the underground seismic wave velocity in Mining Area 6 of the Dongtan Coal Mine in China. The data was recorded continuously over 76 days by 7 three-component stations and 10 single-component microseismic stations deployed in Dongtan Coal Mine, with station spacing ranging from 0.1 km to approximately 3 km. Using the causal and non-causal components of the <em>Z</em>-component cross-correlation function, along with moving-window cross-spectrum analysis and cumulative calculations with a 5-day window overlay, stable seismic velocity changes were obtained in the frequency band of 0.1 to 2 Hz. We found a correlation between the timing of average velocity changes and seismic events caused by underground mining processes. In particular, when the relative seismic velocity increased by 0.23%, larger energy minequakes typically occurred. This study shows that ambient noise correlation has great potential for predicting minequakes, guiding pressure-relief production, and providing warnings about the impact of overburden pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the data quality and seismic monitoring capabilities of the Belt and Road GNSS network","authors":"Yu Li ,&nbsp;Yinxing Shao ,&nbsp;Tan Wang ,&nbsp;Yuebing Wang ,&nbsp;Hongbo Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Belt and Road global navigation satellite system (B&amp;R GNSS) network is the first large-scale deployment of Chinese GNSS equipment in a seismic system. Prior to this, there have been few systematic assessments of the data quality of Chinese GNSS equipment. In this study, data from four representative GNSS sites in different regions of China were analyzed using the G-Nut/Anubis software package. Four main indicators (data integrity rate, data validity ratio, multi-path error, and cycle slip ratio) used to systematically analyze data quality, while evaluating the seismic monitoring capabilities of the network based on earthquake magnitudes estimated from high-frequency GNSS data are evaluated by estimating magnitude based on high-frequency GNSS data. The results indicate that the quality of the data produced by the three types of Chinese receivers used in the network meets the needs of earthquake monitoring and the new seismic industry standards, which provide a reference for the selection of equipment for future new projects. After the B&amp;R GNSS network was established, the seismic monitoring capability for earthquakes with magnitudes greater than <em>M</em>_W6.5 in most parts of the Sichuan-Yunnan region improved by approximately 20%. In key areas such as the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhomboid Block, the monitoring capability increased by more than 25%, which has greatly improved the effectiveness of regional comprehensive earthquake management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 56-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High resolution catalog of the Luxian (Sichuan, China) MS6.0 earthquake sequence and analysis of the seismogenic structures","authors":"Huili Guo ,&nbsp;Dahu Li ,&nbsp;Pingping Wu ,&nbsp;Qiyan Yang ,&nbsp;Ningbo Jiang ,&nbsp;Mi Gao ,&nbsp;Zhifeng Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The epicenter of the Luxian <em>M</em>_S6.0 earthquake on September 16, 2021, was located in the southern Sichuan Basin, which is a historically seismically quiescent area. In recent years, the frequency of earthquakes has increased with the large-scale exploitation of shale gas. No evident surface fractures or seismic faults were observed after the Luxian earthquake. Based on high-quality data recorded by a dense seismic array composed of 70 portable stations with an average spacing of 2–3 km, a high-resolution seismic catalog was constructed for 7 days before and 36 days after the <em>M</em>_S6.0 earthquake using LOC-FLOW, an effective workflow of phase picking, phase association, and earthquake location. Based on the new earthquake catalog, four earthquake clusters that occurred within the Yujiasi Syncline during this period were identified. Among them, the <em>M</em>_S6.0 main earthquake sequence had a NW-SE trend and inclined towards the SW, with a length of approximately 8 km and width of 5 km. The <em>M</em>_S6.0 earthquake sequence only appeared after the mainshock. The other three clusters were located in the northeast direction of the <em>M</em>_S6.0 earthquake sequence, all of which were NE-SW trending strips and had no evident direct correlation with the <em>M</em>_S6.0 mainshock. The focal depth was concentrated in the range of 2–7 km. Based on the seismic sequence profile and structural background, the <em>M</em>_S6.0 seismic structure may be a blind buried fault zone with a NW strike composed of multiple small conjugate faults with NE and SW dip. The fault was not exposed on the surface and was related to the detachment structure in the deep part of the Sichuan Basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 33-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An illustrated guide to: Distributed and integrated fibre-optic sensing in seismology","authors":"Andreas Fichtner ,&nbsp;Fabian Walter ,&nbsp;Patrick Paitz ,&nbsp;Sara Klaasen ,&nbsp;Daniel C. Bowden ,&nbsp;Sebastian Noe ,&nbsp;Nils Müller ,&nbsp;Dominik Husmann ,&nbsp;Jacques Morel","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The properties of laser signals are affected by deformation of the optical fibre through which they are transmitted. While this deformation dependence is undesirable in telecommunication, it can be exploited for the construction of novel seismic sensors that fill a niche in data acquisition where traditional seismometer arrays would be difficult to deploy. This includes densely populated urban centers, the oceans, volcanoes and the Earth’s polar regions. These notes complement a presentation on recent methodological developments and applications in fibre-optic seismology. The first part is focused on the use of distributed fibre-optic sensing in cryosphere research, and specifically the investigation of the internal structure and seismicity of glaciers and ice sheets. The second part is dedicated to recent advances in integrated fibre-optic sensing, with emphasis on novel measurement principles and sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 67-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based aftershock seismicity of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake controlled by flat-ramp geometry and a tear fault","authors":"Yeyang Kuang ,&nbsp;Jiangtao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT), where the 2015 <em>M</em>_W7.8 Gorkha earthquake occurred, features the most seismicity of any structure in Nepal. The structural complexity of the MHT makes it difficult to obtain a definitive interpretation of deep seismogenic structures. The application of new methods and data in this region is necessary to enhance local seismic hazard analyses. In this study, we used a well-designed machine learning-based earthquake location workflow (LOC-FLOW), which incorporates machine learning phase picking, phase association, absolute location, and double-difference relative location, to process seismic data collected by the Hi-CLIMB and NAMASTE seismic networks. We built a high-precision earthquake catalog of both the quiet-period and aftershock seismicity in this region. The seismicity distribution suggests that the quiet-period seismicity (388 events) was controlled by a mid-crustal ramp and the aftershock seismicity (12,669 events) was controlled by several geological structures of the MHT. The higher-level detail of the catalogs derived from this machine learning method reveal clearer structural characteristics, showing how the flat-ramp geometry and a possible duplex structure affect the depth distribution of the seismic events, and how a tear fault changes this distribution along strike.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 17-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-rifting magmatism at the northern margin of the South China Sea: Evidenced by an ocean bottom seismometer experiment","authors":"Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Chen Cai ,&nbsp;Rui Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magmatism at continental margins is of great significance in understanding the continental rifting. We present a two-dimensional P-wave velocity model derived from an ocean bottom seismometer experiment, conducted across the middle northern continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS). The detailed velocity structures reveal significant heterogeneities extending from the continental shelf to the continent-ocean transition zone. The crust exhibits its greatest thickness below the continental shelf, measuring ∼23 km and gradually thins to ∼13 km at the distal margin. Furthermore, a narrow and distinct continent-ocean transition with only 40-km width is revealed. We also observe a high-velocity layer within the transition zone, reaching thickness of up to 4 km, characterized by P-wave velocities ranging from 7.0 km/s to 7.6 km/s in the lower crust. Based on the syn-rift melt generation using decompression melting model, we ascertain that syn-rift magmatism cannot fully account for the observed thick high-velocity layer. By integrating findings from previous geophysical and geochemical studies presenting extensive volcanic edifice on the seafloor at the northern margin, as well as ocean-island-basalt-type magmatic samples in the SCS area, we propose that post-rifting magmatism associated with the Hainan Plume may have influenced the formation of the high-velocity lower crust within the transition zone and the northern margin of the SCS can thus be recognized as magma-poor type margin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}