JGH Open最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Quinolone Prophylaxis on Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Mortality in Cirrhosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Ajay Malvi,&nbsp;Nipun Verma,&nbsp;Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib,&nbsp;Subbulakshmi Ganesan,&nbsp;Mandeep Kaur,&nbsp;Manish Srivastava,&nbsp;Amit Barwal,&nbsp;G. V. Siva Prasad,&nbsp;Pranchal Rajput,&nbsp;Rukshar Syed,&nbsp;Kamal Kundra,&nbsp;Kratika Sharma,&nbsp;Diptismitha Jena,&nbsp;Frederick Sidney Correa,&nbsp;Abhinav Rathour,&nbsp;Ganesh Bushi,&nbsp;Rachana Mehta,&nbsp;Sanjit Sah,&nbsp;Prakasini Satapathy,&nbsp;Shilpa Gaidhane,&nbsp;Muhammed Shabil,&nbsp;Hashem Abu Serhan","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cirrhosis is a major global health concern due to its progressive nature and high risk of complications, including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), which significantly increases mortality. Quinolone antibiotics, especially norfloxacin, are commonly used for SBP prophylaxis in high-risk cirrhotic patients, but the long-term impact on overall mortality remains uncertain. The purpose of this meta-analysis and systematic review is to evaluate how quinolone prophylaxis affects the SBP incidence, mortality, and non-SBP infections in cirrhosis patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive search of Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed identified research evaluating quinolone prophylaxis on the risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and mortality in cirrhotic patients. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials reporting risk ratios for patients on quinolone prophylaxis versus controls. A random-effects meta-analysis pooled the results, with heterogeneity assessed by the I² statistic. Sensitivity analyses were performed for robustness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The search screened 1754 items and identified 6 relevant studies. Quinolone prophylaxis was associated with a significantly lower risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), non-SBP infections, and mortality in cirrhotic patients, with a pooled relative risk (RR) for SBP of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.22–1.01), for non-SBP infections of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.66–0.94), and for mortality of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.52–0.86). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This meta-analysis reveals that quinolone prophylaxis significantly lowers the risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), other infections, and mortality in high-risk cirrhotic patients. The results support incorporating quinolone prophylaxis in cirrhosis management to improve outcomes, with future studies needed to refine treatment duration and patient-specific strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jgh3.70148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and Characteristics of Gastrointestinal Diseases in Patients With Neurofibromatosis","authors":"Manami Honda,&nbsp;Masaya Iwamuro,&nbsp;Takehiro Tanaka,&nbsp;Yasushi Yamasaki,&nbsp;Seiji Kawano,&nbsp;Sakiko Hiraoka,&nbsp;Yoshiro Kawahara,&nbsp;Motoyuki Otsuka","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with neurofibromatosis (NF) frequently experience gastrointestinal symptoms, but the specific characteristics of these lesions are not well understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the prevalence and nature of gastrointestinal diseases in this population, we analyzed the gastrointestinal lesions identified through endoscopic examinations in patients with NF.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 225 patients with NF type 1 (NF1) and 15 with NF type 2 (NF2). None of the NF2 patients underwent endoscopy. Among the NF1 patients, 27 received endoscopies, and 13 (59%) had gastrointestinal lesions. These 13 patients were predominantly male (10 males and three females), with a median age of 53 years (range: 19–76 years). The identified lesions included colorectal polyps (<i>n</i> = 6), gastrointestinal stromal tumors ([GIST], <i>n</i> = 4), subepithelial lesions (<i>n</i> = 3), gastric fundic gland polyps (<i>n</i> = 3), diffuse intestinal ganglioneuromatosis (<i>n</i> = 2), esophageal polyps (<i>n</i> = 2), a Schwann cell hamartoma (<i>n</i> = 1), esophageal cancer (<i>n</i> = 1), and a gastric hyperplastic polyp (<i>n</i> = 1). All GISTs and one case of diffuse intestinal ganglioneuromatosis were surgically resected. Interestingly, six out of 13 patients were asymptomatic. Additionally, all patients who required surgery were 40 years of age or older.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that routine endoscopic examinations, along with imaging techniques like computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, could be beneficial for the early detection of gastrointestinal lesions in NF1 patients aged 40 and above.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jgh3.70151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric Schwannoma Mimicking Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST)—A Diagnostic Dilemma","authors":"Aneeqa Qureshi,&nbsp;Huzafa Ali,&nbsp;Husnain Abbas,&nbsp;Dipendra Adhikari,&nbsp;Huzaifa Saqib,&nbsp;Talha Rashid,&nbsp;Layba Ahmed,&nbsp;Ayesha Siddiqa,&nbsp;Fatima Anjum","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.70152","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gastric schwannomas (GS) are rare benign neurogenic tumors that can mimic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) due to overlapping clinical and radiological features, posing a significant diagnostic challenge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Presentation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present the case of a 67-year-old female with epigastric swelling, initially suspected to be a GIST based on contrast-enhanced CT findings. However, an ultrasound-guided true-cut biopsy and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of gastric schwannoma. The tumor was resected through a successful wedge resection, and the patient recovered well postoperatively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case underscores the importance of histopathological evaluation and immunohistochemistry in differentiating GS from GISTs, highlighting the need for a correct preoperative diagnosis to guide appropriate management. Gastric schwannomas are typically benign with minimal malignant potential, and surgery is the treatment of choice. Further studies are needed to explore their long-term outcomes and prognostic factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jgh3.70152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent Abdominal Pain and Diarrhea After Appendectomy—Crohn's Disease Versus Intestinal Tuberculosis","authors":"Jonas Wizenty,&nbsp;Martin Maibier,&nbsp;Michael Sigal","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Presentation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Western Europe, intestinal tuberculosis is a rare differential diagnosis for Crohn's disease. In this report, we present a case of intestinal tuberculosis in a 59-year-old female initially suspected of Crohn's disease with persistent abdominal pain and diarrhea after appendectomy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case highlights the need for TB culture in patients with positive IGRA and suspected Crohn's disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jgh3.70157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Obesity Class on Clinical Outcomes in Alcoholic Hepatitis: A National Cohort Study of Mortality, Complications, and Resource Use","authors":"Ali Jaan,&nbsp;Mostafa Suhail Najim,&nbsp;Umer Farooq,&nbsp;Ashish Dhawan,&nbsp;Hassan Nawaz,&nbsp;Vinay Jahagirdar,&nbsp;Hassam Ali,&nbsp;Sushil Ahlawat","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.70166","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background &amp; Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a severe manifestation of alcoholic liver disease with high morbidity and mortality. This study used the 2016–2020 National Readmission Database to investigate how obesity influences AH outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adult hospitalizations were categorized as those without obesity, Class 1 obesity (BMI 30–34.9), Class 2 obesity (BMI 35–39.9), or Class 3 obesity (BMI ≥ 40). We compared mortality, complications, and resource utilization across these groups using regression models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 82 367 AH admissions, 4.09% had Class 1 obesity, 2.73% had Class 2 obesity, and 4.02% had Class 3 obesity. After adjusting for confounders, Class 3 obesity was associated with higher odds of mortality (Odds ratio OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.40–2.17; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), septic shock (OR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.60–3.22; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), hepatic encephalopathy (OR = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.15–5.56; <i>p</i> = 0.02), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.57–2.36; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). All obesity classes had increased associations with hepatorenal syndrome. No significant differences emerged for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or variceal bleeding. Resource utilization rose with increasing obesity severity, with Class 3 obesity having a 1.84-day longer adjusted length of stay (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and an additional $20 174 in total hospitalization charges (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) compared with hospitalizations without obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Class 3 obesity conferred the greatest burden of mortality, complications, and healthcare costs among hospitalizations with AH. Further research is warranted to clarify the intricate interplay between obesity and AH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jgh3.70166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrum of Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders in Children and Their Clinical, Social Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Jayendra Seetharaman,&nbsp;Ujjal Poddar,&nbsp;Anshu Srivastava,&nbsp;Moinak Sen Sarma,&nbsp;Surender Kumar Yachha","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background/Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) subtypes; functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified (FAP-NOS), and abdominal migraine (AM) are influenced by demographic and social factors. The study aimed to evaluate the spectrum and demographic and social factors associated with FAPD subtypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Consecutive children (&lt; 18 years) diagnosed with FAPD subtypes according to ROME-IV criteria between April 2018 and March 2020 were included. The clinical, demographic, and social parameters were analyzed between various subtypes of FAPD, and factors responsible for severe symptoms were studied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 479 children (mean age 12.34 ± 3.82 years, 60% boys) were included. FAP-NOS (63%) was the most commonly diagnosed subtype followed by IBS (17.4%) and FD (15%). The age at presentation, site of pain, duration of symptoms, and associated symptoms were significantly different among the three main subtypes (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Stressors could be identified in 39.3% and academic pressure (22.3%) was the most common. Family members with functional disorders (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.31–3.42, <i>p</i> = 0.02), presence of stressors (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.14–3.65, <i>p</i> = 0.016), and rural origin (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.08–2.83, <i>p</i> = 0.023) predicted severe symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>FAP-NOS is the most common FAPD subtype in children in India. Children with FAP-NOS are much younger than other subtypes of FAPD. The presence of stressors and functional disorders in family members could be associated with severe symptoms. However, it mandates more prospective studies to validate the findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jgh3.70162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Ganesh Bushi,&nbsp;Abhay M. Gaidhane,&nbsp;Nasir Vadia,&nbsp;Soumya V. Menon,&nbsp;Kattela Chennakesavulu,&nbsp;Rajashree Panigrahi,&nbsp;Muhammed Shabil,&nbsp;Diptismita Jena,&nbsp;Harish Kumar,&nbsp;Anju Rani,&nbsp;Sanjit Sah,&nbsp;Mahendra Pratap Singh,&nbsp;Swastik Subhankar Sahu,&nbsp;Suraj Tiwari,&nbsp;Khang Wen Goh","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.70158","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hypertension (HTN) are common conditions with substantial health burdens. While prior studies suggest a link between GERD and HTN, findings remain inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the relationship between GERD and HTN.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted to identify observational studies published through December 2024. Studies evaluating the prevalence and association between GERD and HTN were included. Screening and data extraction were performed using Nested Knowledge software, with quality assessed via the Modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled prevalence and risk estimates, while heterogeneity was quantified using the <i>I</i>² statistic. Publication bias was evaluated using DOI and funnel plots.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twelve studies, with sample sizes ranging from 71 to 12  960 participants, were included. The pooled prevalence of HTN among GERD patients was 16.80% (95% CI: 6.28%–31.02%) with high heterogeneity (<i>I</i>² = 99%). The pooled risk ratio (RR) for HTN was 1.381 (95% CI: 0.992–1.922) and heterogeneity (<i>I</i>² = 76%) highlighted variability. Sensitivity analyses and publication bias were evident.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>GERD is a potential risk factor for HTN, with GERD patients demonstrating an elevated likelihood of developing HTN. Future research is required to investigate the underlying mechanisms and confounding factors that may influence this association.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jgh3.70158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small Intestinal Neurofibroma With Atypical 17q11.2 Microdeletions: A Rare Cause of Abdominal Distension","authors":"Yating Wang,&nbsp;Chunwei He,&nbsp;Dedong Ma,&nbsp;Leiqi Xu","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations or deletions in the NF1 gene, with approximately 5% to 11% of cases specifically attributed to the 17q11.2 microdeletion. While cutaneous manifestations are common, gastrointestinal involvement occurs in 10%-25% of cases, with symptomatic presentations being exceptionally rare. This report describes an unusual case of NF1 presenting with small intestinal neurofibroma, emphasizing diagnostic challenges and management strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Presentation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 22-year-old male with a 1-year history of recurrent abdominal distension was admitted. Physical examination revealed pathognomonic features of NF1, including axillary freckling and café-au-lait macules. Laboratory tests demonstrated anemia and hypoalbuminemia. Imaging and enteroscopy identified a stenotic ileal lesion with mesenteric lymphadenopathy. Initial biopsy suggested neurofibroma, confirmed by whole-exome sequencing revealing a 17q11.2 microdeletion involving the NF1 gene. Following palliative ileostomy, definitive surgical resection achieved complete remission. Histopathology confirmed small intestinal neurofibroma in NF1.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case underscores that gastrointestinal neurofibromas, though uncommon, should be considered in NF1 patients with persistent abdominal symptoms. A combination of clinical assessment, imaging, endoscopy, and genetic testing is essential for accurate diagnosis. Surgical intervention remains the definitive treatment for symptomatic lesions. The report expands the phenotypic spectrum of NF1 and highlights the importance of multidisciplinary management in rare gastrointestinal manifestations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jgh3.70138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Colon Polyp Characteristics Really Different Between Men and Women?","authors":"Guo-Jeng Tan,&nbsp;Sanjiv Mahadeva","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.70161","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Colorectal cancer affects men differently from women. The sex-related differences in the incidence of colorectal cancer are well documented. The age-standardized incidence of colorectal cancer for males in Western Europe in the year 2020 was 20.0 per 100 000; whereas for women, it was 15.1 per 100 000 [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. In addition to that, adult males suffer more morbidity from colorectal cancer compared with females. In a study among men with colorectal cancer attributable to high body-mass index, the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR) was 31.09 years per 100 000 people (95% CI 13.36–49.47), compared with women who had an ASDR of only 23.96 years per 100 000 persons (95% CI 10.36–37.75) [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. This means men lose more years to disability caused by colorectal cancer compared with women. However, it can be argued that there is no significant difference because of the 95% confidence interval overlap. This illustrates the general trend that men are more affected than women. Male patients with CRC also have a poorer survival compared with females. In a cohort study in Australia, the 15-year survival for males with Stage I disease was reported to be 56.0%, compared with a survival of 68.0% in females. A similar pattern was also seen for Stage II and Stage III disease. Only Stage IV disease had no difference in survival between males and females [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Currently, the most widely accepted paradigm for the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is the adenoma-carcinoma sequence outlined by Fearon and Vogelstein [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. This makes the detection of adenomatous polyps vital in the early detection and management of colorectal cancer. Several reports have suggested that, just like CRC, there may be gender differences in the characteristics of colon polyps. A case–control study comparing 794 patients with polyps with 708 colonoscopy-negative controls found that the male sex was significantly associated with an increase in all polyps [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. Another study of 5254 subjects identified that the male gender was an independent predictor of adenomas and had a 1.55 (95% CI: 1.02–3.23) odds of developing advanced adenomas [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;]. Not only are men more likely to have adenomas, but they are also more likely to have larger adenomas compared with women [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]. There are also gender differences in the location of polyps in the colon, with a study demonstrating that males have an increased 1.88 (95% CI: 1.73–2.04) odds for proximal adenoma and an increased 1.81 (95% CI: 1.67–1.96) odds for distal adenomas [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Most of the above studies were conducted in adults undergoing direct colonoscopy without prior stool test screening. Anderson and colleagues' study, as published in JGH Open [&lt;span&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;], attempts to explore if the type of polyps and anatomical location of the polyps can be predicted using multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) and fecal immunochemical test (FIT)","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jgh3.70161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Role of Thy-1 and Its Soluble Form Regarding Fibrosis Severity in Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease","authors":"Mirjam Kolev,&nbsp;Rahel Bütikofer,&nbsp;Anja Saalbach,&nbsp;Florian Kollert,&nbsp;Matteo Montani,&nbsp;Nasser Semmo","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Portal myofibroblasts (PMF) are known to be critical in bile duct injury, but their role in liver fibrogenesis remains underexplored. Thy-1, an adhesion molecule detected as soluble Thy-1 (sThy-1) in serum, is primarily expressed by portal myofibroblasts (PMF) and, to a lesser extent, hepatic stellate cells (HSC), serving as a marker for myofibroblast activity in liver pathology. This study aimed to elucidate the correlation between Thy-1 expression in liver histology and sThy-1 levels in serum with the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Liver histology samples were stained for Thy-1, and sThy-1 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In patients with PBC and MASLD, an association between portal Thy-1 expression and the extent of fibrosis was observed. Notably, while sinusoidal Thy-1 expression aligned with fibrosis severity in PBC (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), this association was not statistically significant in MASLD (<i>p</i> = 0.059). Moreover, variations in soluble Thy-1 levels paralleled the progression from mild to advanced fibrosis stages in PBC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thy-1 expression levels were associated with the severity of fibrosis, which could support its role in monitoring the presence and activity of myofibroblasts in liver diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jgh3.70155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}