JGH Open最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Novel Manometric Features of Pseudoachalasia: Identification of Loss of Respiratory Variation in Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure","authors":"Eri Nishikawa,&nbsp;Shinwa Tanaka,&nbsp;Hirofumi Abe,&nbsp;Hiroshi Tanabe,&nbsp;Shinya Hoki,&nbsp;Hitomi Hori,&nbsp;Tatsuya Nakai,&nbsp;Chise Ueda,&nbsp;Satoshi Urakami,&nbsp;Tetsuya Yoshizaki,&nbsp;Takashi Toyonaga,&nbsp;Yuzo Kodama","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70460","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jgh3.70460","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pseudoachalasia closely mimics idiopathic achalasia in both symptoms and high-resolution manometry (HRM) findings, making accurate diagnosis difficult. This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of pseudoachalasia encountered at our institution and identify novel manometric findings specific to this condition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This single-center retrospective study compared the clinical characteristics and HRM findings of patients diagnosed with pseudoachalasia (pseudoachalasia group) with those diagnosed with idiopathic achalasia or esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO), collectively defined as the idiopathic achalasia group, between April 2015 and March 2024. Pseudoachalasia was defined as cases with no mucosal abnormalities on the initial endoscopic examination, and with clinical symptoms, esophagographic findings, and HRM results consistent with achalasia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five patients were diagnosed with pseudoachalasia. Two cases were classified as Type 2 achalasia and three as EGJOO according to the Chicago Classification. Compared with the idiopathic achalasia group, the pseudoachalasia group was older, had a shorter symptom-to-diagnosis interval, and exhibited higher Eckardt scores. HRM demonstrated significantly higher integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) in the pseudoachalasia group. Loss of Respiratory Variation in LES Pressure (LRV-LES) was observed in all patients in the pseudoachalasia group, whereas it was present in 8.3% of patients in the idiopathic achalasia group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pseudoachalasia was characterized by an older age at onset, a shorter interval from symptom onset to diagnosis, and higher Eckardt scores. HRM demonstrated elevated IRP, and LRV-LES was observed in all cases. LRV-LES may represent a novel manometric finding that can aid in the diagnosis of pseudoachalasia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148898011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolution of Medications for Obesity Management","authors":"Jaskirath Gill,&nbsp;Priya Sumithran","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70466","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jgh3.70466","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This narrative review provides an overview of progress in the development of obesity medications, including a synthesis of data describing the efficacy and safety of currently available agents and emerging therapeutic options. Historically, many obesity medications have been withdrawn from the market due to safety concerns. However, expansion in scientific knowledge of the mechanisms regulating appetite and energy balance has led to the development of medications with greater safety and efficacy. The current generation of injectable incretin analogs, semaglutide and tirzepatide, is associated with mean weight loss in the range of 15%–20% over approximately 12–18 months. These agents confer additional substantial cardiometabolic benefits, including reductions in adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes, and improvements in glycaemia, blood pressure, lipid profile and steatohepatitis. As therapeutic options continue to expand, obesity medications are poised to play a critical role in the management of cardiometabolic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13545273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Neutrophil Percentage-to-Albumin Ratio With Mortality in ICU Patients With Acute Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Chunyan Wang,&nbsp;Chun Yang,&nbsp;Yingying Zhang,&nbsp;Junliang Liu","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70464","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jgh3.70464","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate whether the neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) predicts 28- and 365-day mortality in ICU patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and improves the performance of existing ICU scoring systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We extracted data on 437 ICU AP patients from the MIMIC-IV 3.0 database. Selection bias was assessed by comparing included and excluded patients. The optimal NPAR cutoff was determined by maximally selected rank statistics. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression assessed the NPAR–mortality association, with 200-iteration bootstrap resampling for internal validation. Time-dependent AUC, continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) evaluated whether adding NPAR to SAPS II, SOFA, and SIRS improved prediction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The optimal NPAR cutoff was 34.6. Included patients had more severe disease than excluded patients (SOFA 6.75 vs. 5.32; 28-day mortality 17.4% vs. 11.8%). High NPAR (≥ 34.6) was significantly associated with lower survival (log-rank <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and independently predicted 28-day mortality (HR = 2.043, 95% CI 1.235–3.380, <i>p</i> = 0.005) and 365-day mortality (HR = 1.749, 95% CI 1.174–2.606, <i>p</i> = 0.006). After bootstrap validation, optimism-corrected HRs were 1.820 and 1.560, with corrected AUCs of 0.765 and 0.695, respectively. Adding NPAR to SIRS significantly improved AUC (28-day: 0.613 vs. 0.529, <i>p</i> = 0.011; 365-day: 0.580 vs. 0.507, <i>p</i> = 0.004), NRI, and IDI (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas adding NPAR to SAPS II or SOFA yielded no significant improvement (all <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>NPAR ≥ 34.6 is an independent predictor of 28- and 365-day mortality in ICU AP patients, with robust internal validation. Combining NPAR with SIRS significantly enhances mortality prediction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13539900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Proctitis Paradox: Refractory Ulcerative Proctitis Associated With Development of Disease Complications in a Multicenter South Australian Cohort","authors":"Sreecanth S. Raja,&nbsp;Samuel P. Costello,&nbsp;Alexandra Sadler,&nbsp;Nicholas Wan,&nbsp;Bhuwan Tandon,&nbsp;Dharshan Sathananthan,&nbsp;Kate D. Lynch,&nbsp;Chris K. Rayner,&nbsp;Suzanne Edwards,&nbsp;Robert V. Bryant","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70442","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jgh3.70442","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite limited extent, patients with ulcerative proctitis (UP) can suffer from debilitating symptoms, complications, and risk of disease extension. The aim was to provide a contemporary real-world insight into the management and outcomes of UP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted of UP patients attending three tertiary hospitals in Adelaide, South Australia, between 2015 and 2024. Demographic, treatment, and disease-related data were captured. Treatment success was defined as clinical response at last follow up. The primary outcome was the development of disease-related complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 185 patients with UP, 60.5% were female, mean age at diagnosis was 41.1 years (±14.2) and median duration of follow up was 4.18 years (IQR 2.0–7.3 years). Most patients (<i>n</i> = 114, 62.3%) achieved treatment success with 5-ASA therapy, but one third (<i>n</i> = 56, 30.3%) developed refractory UP. For those with refractory UP, treatment success was achieved in 45% of patients using systemic immunomodulators (<i>n</i> = 40) and in 59% using advanced therapies (<i>n</i> = 27). Topical tacrolimus was used in 10 patients, of whom three achieved treatment success. Overall, 34 patients (18.4%) developed either proximal disease extension (<i>n</i> = 22, 11.9%) or traditional UC related complications including hospitalization (<i>n</i> = 15, 8.1%) and colectomy (<i>n</i> = 1, 0.05%). The presence of refractory UP was associated with development of traditional UC related complications (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite a short segment of inflammation, UP remains a clinical conundrum as many patients develop refractory disease, disease extension, and complications. Further prospective studies are required to define optimal therapeutic strategies for this under-recognized cohort.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13535338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant and Animal Protein Sources in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Evidence and Clinical Implications","authors":"Mustafa Mohamedrashed,&nbsp;Ayushi Chauhan,&nbsp;Vaios Svolos,&nbsp;Abhinav Vasudevan,&nbsp;Chu K. Yao","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.70462","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the consumption of protein consumption increasing globally, there are gaps in our understanding of the differences in protein sources, particularly between animal and plant proteins and their recommendations for patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). This narrative review synthesizes current evidence of how animal and plant proteins differentially exert physiological effects, influence IBD risk, and outcomes. First, protein sources vary in their amino acid profiles, co-existence with other nutrients and consumption within a dietary pattern, factors that influence their physiological effects. Second, observational data showed possible associations between higher intake of animal protein and risk of Ulcerative Colitis (UC); however, this association is less consistent with Crohn's Disease (CD). High intake of meat, specifically red meat, is also associated with a greater risk for a UC relapse. Third, specific animal proteins are utilized as part of efficacious strategies for the induction and maintenance of CD. In conclusion, the available data suggest that recommendations for the IBD patient should move beyond animal versus plant protein advice but consider individual protein sources and the wider dietary pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jgh3.70462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148823127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nursing-Led Support Across the Standard Care–Clinical Trial–Standard Care Pathway in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review With Realist-Informed Interpretation","authors":"Daniele Napolitano,&nbsp;Mattia Bozzetti,&nbsp;Vincenzina Mora,&nbsp;Francesco Pastore,&nbsp;Rosario Caruso,&nbsp;Monica Guberti,&nbsp;Valeria Amatucci,&nbsp;Loris Riccardo Lopetuso,&nbsp;Lucrezia Laterza,&nbsp;Franco Scaldaferri,&nbsp;Antonio Gasbarrini","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.70458","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine how nursing-led support may influence engagement, continuity, adherence, retention, and protocol enactment across the standard care–clinical trial–standard care pathway in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This focused narrative review used selected realist-informed interpretive principles as a conceptual lens to synthesize heterogeneous literature related to IBD clinical trials, specialist and clinical research nursing, placebo and nocebo processes, health literacy, teach-back, telemonitoring, continuity of care, transitions, implementation, and intervention fidelity. Rather than conducting a formal realist review, realist concepts were used to inform the interpretation of how contextual factors, participant reasoning, and implementation conditions may influence nursing-led support across the clinical trial pathway. Literature was identified through iterative searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar, complemented by backward and forward citation tracking. Five interrelated supportive functions emerged across the reviewed literature: expectation-shaping during screening and enrolment; literacy-sensitive education and teach-back; structured hybrid contact and continuity support; transition-sensitive assistance during trial entry, amendment, and exit phases; and governance strategies promoting role clarity, safety, and equity. Nursing-led support appeared most relevant when it helped participants interpret uncertainty, understand protocol expectations, maintain continuity, and navigate vulnerable transitions. These functions may contribute to engagement, adherence, retention, and timely symptom reporting by strengthening trust, self-efficacy, relational continuity, and adherence to practical protocols.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nursing-led support may represent a potential mechanism-bearing component of IBD clinical trial participation rather than a purely administrative activity. Transition-sensitive, literacy-aware, and continuity-oriented nursing strategies may support safer, more equitable, and more sustainable engagement across increasingly complex clinical trial pathways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jgh3.70458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tacrolimus Bridging and Combination Therapy Following Infliximab and JAK Inhibitor Failure in Ulcerative Colitis: A Case Series","authors":"Nikil Vootukuru,&nbsp;Patrick Hilley,&nbsp;Darren Wong,&nbsp;Ashish Srinivasan,&nbsp;Peter De Cruz,&nbsp;Matthew Choy","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.70443","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus are established rescue therapies for steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). However, their efficacy and safety as bridging or combination therapy following failure of both anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor therapy remain uncertain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a retrospective, single-center case series at a tertiary referral center between January 2020 and December 2025. Adult patients with treatment-refractory UC who received tacrolimus after documented failure of infliximab and a JAK inhibitor were included. Demographic, disease, treatment, and outcome data were collected.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven patients were included (median age, 37.1 years; median disease duration, 6 years), of whom three presented with acute severe UC. Tacrolimus was used as bridging therapy to ustekinumab (<i>n</i> = 4), ozanimod (<i>n</i> = 1), or upadacitinib (<i>n</i> = 1), and as combination therapy with upadacitinib (<i>n</i> = 1). Median tacrolimus treatment duration was 3 months, and median follow-up was 31 months. Six of seven patients achieved a clinical response, including four who achieved clinical remission. Three patients ultimately required colectomy. No serious adverse events were observed; one patient developed tremor and one experienced mild COVID-19 infection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tacrolimus may be a useful bridging or combination therapy in carefully selected patients with UC refractory to both infliximab and JAK inhibitors. Nevertheless, the substantial colectomy rate underscores the severity of disease in this population and highlights the importance of close monitoring and shared decision-making. Larger prospective studies are needed to better define the optimal role, duration, and safety of tacrolimus in this treatment setting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jgh3.70443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terminal Ileitis on Imaging Is Rarely Crohn's Disease: A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Irene Lu,&nbsp;Carl Cosgrave,&nbsp;Phongsakone Inthavong,&nbsp;Phillip Te,&nbsp;Zacchary Tamsett,&nbsp;Jacoba van Wees,&nbsp;Neel Heerasing","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70459","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jgh3.70459","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Terminal ileitis is a common radiological finding in patients with abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. Although often associated with Crohn's disease (CD), it has a broad differential diagnosis including infectious, surgical, and malignant conditions. Prior studies suggest 20%–45% of terminal ileitis accounts for CD. This study aimed to evaluate the proportion of patients with computed tomography-detected (CT) terminal ileitis diagnosed with CD and to assess clinical and biochemical predictors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single tertiary hospital between 2014 and 2024. Adult patients with CT findings of terminal ileitis were included. Data were collected on demographics, laboratory values, stool testing, and endoscopic evaluation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of CD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 128 patients, 16 (12.5%) were diagnosed with CD. Infectious (27.7%) and surgical (17.9%) etiologies were the most common causes of non-CD terminal ileitis. Stool testing within 72 h was performed for 48.4% of patients, with 35.5% positive for pathogens. Endoscopic evaluation was performed in 59 patients (46%), and histopathological inflammation identified in 43.5% of biopsied cases. Lower albumin levels trended toward association with CD and were independently associated with CD on multivariable analysis (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72–0.94, <i>p</i> = 0.004).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After evaluation, a small minority (12.5%) of patients with CT-detected terminal ileitis were diagnosed with CD. Hypoalbuminemia was a significant predictor of CD, whereas routine inflammatory markers had limited diagnostic value. Larger prospective studies are needed to further refine the diagnostic algorithms for detection of CD in patients with terminal ileitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13457342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Patterns and Food Choices of Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in New Zealand","authors":"Peter Vivian Acire,&nbsp;Angharad Vernon-Roberts,&nbsp;Andrew S. Day","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70457","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jgh3.70457","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to assess current dietary patterns in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in New Zealand and to evaluate associations with current self-reported disease activity and well-being.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A prospective online survey was conducted using validated dietary data collection instruments. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis. Self-reported current disease activity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores were ascertained. Relationships between diet patterns and other variables were assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The responses of 205 participants were included in the analysis: mean age 43.0 (±14.0) years, and a mean disease duration of 31.5 (±14.0) years. There were 107 (52%) people with Crohn's disease (CD) and 98 (48%) with ulcerative colitis/IBD-unclassified (UC/IBDU). Six dietary patterns were identified among the cohort data: Western, vegetarian, pescatarian, semi-vegetarian, semi-pescatarian, and low-carbohydrate. Consuming a Western dietary pattern was associated with active CD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.55, 95% CI [1.27, 7.26], <i>p</i> = 0.02) or active UC/IBDU (AOR = 3.50, 95% CI [1.07, 5.40], <i>p</i> = 0.04). In contrast, people with CD following a vegetarian diet pattern were less likely to report active disease (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI [0.11, 0.98], <i>p</i> = 0.04). Adherence to a Western or semi-pescatarian dietary pattern was predictive of worse HRQoL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this group of adults with IBD, vegetarian dietary patterns were associated with lower current CD activity but not UC/IBDU, while the Western dietary pattern was associated with higher disease activity and impaired HRQoL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148708064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Burden of Viral Respiratory Infections in Immunosuppressed Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients","authors":"D. Huynh,&nbsp;E. Khoo,&nbsp;A. Shanmuga Anandan,&nbsp;J. Begun","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70456","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jgh3.70456","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Due to the increasing immunosuppressant use in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the risk of serious infections, this study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of respiratory pathogen detection in this population to improve patient care.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A retrospective study conducted at Mater Hospital Brisbane examined viral respiratory swab results from patients with IBD who presented with respiratory symptoms between February 2020 and September 2023. Relevant clinical data—including patient characteristics, IBD treatments, and respiratory outcomes—were extracted from electronic medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 30, employing chi-square tests and logistic regression for univariate and multivariate analyses, with a significance threshold set at &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Total of 184 IBD patients with 288 episodes of respiratory symptoms underwent respiratory swabs and PCR. Overall detectable pathogens on respiratory swab were 14% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 40), including 60% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 24) COVID, 5% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 2) RSV, 8% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3) Influenza and 28% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 11) other viruses. Of the total IBD patients, the median age was 37.5 [IQR 27–55], median disease duration 7 years [IQR 3–14] and the majority diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 97, 52.7%) or Crohn's disease (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 80, 43.5%). The median age was 37.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] 28–55.5) in the pathogen positive detection group and 38 years (IQR 27–56.25) in the undetectable pathogen group. Most of the patients with a positive detectable respiratory pathogen had ulcerative colitis (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 22, 57.9%) or Crohn's disease (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 18, 45%). We found no significant effect of conventional or advanced IBD therapy on respiratory pathogen detection including infliximab (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.856), adalimumab (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.148), vedolizumab (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.957), ustekinumab (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.976), immunomodulator(s) (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.560, 0.573) or 5-ASA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.758). However, concurrent prednisolone use significantly increased the risk of detectable pathogens (OR 2.78 [95% CI 1.07–7.19], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.035).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study found no increase in respiratory pathogen detection in IBD patients taking advanced therapies or immunomodulators, but concurrent prednisolone use was a significant risk factor. This suggests the importance of reducing steroid exposure via early introduction of steroid","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13442588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}