JGH Open最新文献

{"title":"Incidence and predicting factors of inadequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Alireza Asgari,&nbsp;Fateme Ziamanesh,&nbsp;Ali Aliasgari,&nbsp;Amir Ali Sohrabpour","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.13116","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jgh3.13116","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adequate bowel preparation is necessary for optimal colonoscopy. Inadequate bowel preparation results in increased costs and imprecise colonoscopy results. This study aims to determine the incidence and risk factors of inadequate bowel preparation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, 604 consecutive patients were observed prospectively who underwent colonoscopy examination. The patient's clinical and demographic data were obtained on the day of the procedure. Bowel preparation was evaluated by Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) and was divided into two groups; adequate and inadequate. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inadequate bowel preparation incidence was 17.9%. In the univariate analysis, education level (<i>P</i> value = 0.009), body mass index (<i>P</i> value = 0.03), admission type (<i>P</i> value = 0.038), previous history of colonoscopy (<i>P</i> value = 0.03), color and consistency of the last feces (<i>P</i> value = 0.03), diabetes (<i>P</i> value = 0.004), and smoking (<i>P</i> value = 0.03) were significantly related with the incidence of inadequate bowel preparation. While ischemic heart disease (IHD) decreased the level of inadequate bowel preparation (<i>P</i> value = 0.047). Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR] = 2.18), smoking (OR = 2.10), inpatient status of admission type (OR = 3.32), last stool that was non-watery (OR = 1.60), and ischemic heart disease (OR = 0.032) were independent factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diabetic patients, smokers, inpatients and who defecated a non-watery and colory stool as the last defecation are at risk of inadequate bowel preparation and need more potent regimens. It is important to inform patients about preventable factors that affect bowel preparation to improve their preparation outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11336044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of fecal microbiota transplantation in severe alcoholic hepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Amira M Taha,&nbsp;Khaled Abouelmagd,&nbsp;Sarah A Nada,&nbsp;Abdelrahman M Mahmoud,&nbsp;Dang Nguyen,&nbsp;Sadish Sharma,&nbsp;Mandy Elewa","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jgh3.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) is a serious condition with few treatments. By modifying the gut–liver axis, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was proposed as a treatment for SAH. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of FMT <i>versus</i> the standard of care (SOC) in improving SAH patient survival rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A thorough search of electronic databases was conducted till September 2023. The survival rates of SAH patients undergoing FMT <i>versus</i> SOC were compared. Using Review Manager 5.4, odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The meta-analysis consisted of six studies with a total of 371 patients with SAH. Patients who received FMT had significantly higher survival rates at 1 and 3 months compared to those who received SOC, with pooled OR of 2.91 (95% CI: 1.56–5.42, <i>P</i> = 0.0008) and 3.07 (95% CI: 1.81–5.20, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001), respectively. However, the survival advantage disappeared after 6 months (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 0.99–8.85, <i>P</i> = 0.05) and 1 year of follow-up (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 0.44–7.46, <i>P</i> = 0.41).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This meta-analysis highlights the potential of FMT to significantly improve short-term survival rates in SAH patients. However, the survival benefit did not last 6–12 months. These findings call for additional research into the effectiveness of FMT over the long term, along with strategies for extending the survival benefit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11331245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric intestinal metaplasia regression in United States population: A retrospective longitudinal study","authors":"Akram I Ahmed,&nbsp;Ahmed El Sabagh,&nbsp;Claire Caplan,&nbsp;Arielle Lee,&nbsp;Won K Cho","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jgh3.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gastric cancer is a health concern and contributes to cancer-related deaths. Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is a premalignant lesion of gastric cancer. Currently, factors associated with GIM regression are under-investigated. This study aims to assess the rate of GIM regression and identify factors associated with it.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was conducted at Medstar Washington Hospital Center. We included patients who had GIM between January 2015 and December 2020. Population was divided into GIM persistence or regression. Data included demographics, esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings, <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> status, and laboratory results. Statistical analyses included Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional models to explore predictors of GIM regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 2375 patients, 9.1% had GIM. Notably, 85 patients had GIM regression and 132 patients had persistent GIM. African Americans constituted (75%) of the regression group and (76%) of the persistence group. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) was noted in 12.9% of the regression group at baseline, and 5.9% at follow-up; the persistence group showed 11.4% at baseline and 5.3% at follow-up (<i>P</i> = 0.89). Regression analysis revealed that the presence of PUD was associated with a higher rate of regression (hazard ratio [HR] 2.46, <i>P</i> = 0.013). Smoking status showed lower rates of regression (HR 0.54 and 0.62, <i>P</i> = 0.038 and 0.169). On gastric mapping, African Americans, Hispanics, and individuals of other races/ethnicities displayed lower rates of GIM regression (HR 0.68, 0.78 and 0.69).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PUD was associated with a higher rate of GIM regression, while smoking showed lower regression rates. Results provide insights into factors influencing GIM regression in African American population and may inform future surveillance and treatment strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11331334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of bleeding after abdominal paracentesis in patients with chronic liver disease and coagulopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Jin Lin Tan,&nbsp;Thomas Lokan,&nbsp;Mohamed Asif Chinnaratha,&nbsp;Martin Veysey","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jgh3.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abdominal paracentesis is a common procedure performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in patients with chronic liver disease and ascites. This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence on the risk of bleeding associated with abdominal paracentesis. Electronic search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Ovid EMBASE from inception to 29 October 2023. Studies were included if they examined the risk of bleeding post-abdominal paracentesis or the efficacy of interventions to reduce bleeding in patients with chronic liver disease. Random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled proportions of bleeding events following abdominal paracentesis. Heterogeneity was determined by <i>I</i>², τ² statistics, and <i>P</i>-value. Eight studies were included for review. Six studies reported incident events of post-abdominal paracentesis bleeding. Pooled proportion of bleeding events following abdominal paracentesis was 0.32% (95% CI: 0.15–0.69%). The mean values for pre-procedural INR and platelet count of patients in these studies ranged between 1.4 and 2.0, and 50 and 153 × 10⁹/L, respectively. The highest recorded INR was 8.7, and the lowest platelet count was 19 × 10⁹/L. Major bleeding after abdominal paracentesis occurred in 0–0.97% of the study cohorts. Two studies demonstrated that the use of thromboelastography (TEG) before paracentesis in patients with chronic liver disease identified those at risk of procedure-related bleeding and reduced transfusion requirements. The overall risk of major bleeding after abdominal paracentesis is low in patients with chronic liver disease and coagulopathy. TEG may be used to predict bleeding risk and guide transfusion requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11331248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of the correlation between H. pylori and inflammatory bowel disease","authors":"Yantong Li,&nbsp;Limin Li,&nbsp;Wenmeng Yin,&nbsp;Juyi Wan,&nbsp;Xiaolin Zhong","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is prevalent and associated with the development of various gastric diseases. On the other hand, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-related intestinal disorder influenced by factors like gut microbiota imbalance, genetic predisposition, and environmental influences. Despite extensive research on the H. pylori–IBD relationship, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis in this area is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to use bibliometric methods to explore research trends, hotspots, and frontiers in H. pylori and IBD-related research, offering valuable insights for future research and clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrieved relevant literature on H. pylori and IBD from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and Scopus databases covering 2007 to 2024. We perform a comprehensive analysis within the WoSCC literature. We compare these findings with relevant results from Scopus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Research on H. pylori and IBD has remained prominent in recent years. The United States leads in output, with strong contributions from authors, institutions, and journals. China, despite being a developing country, shows rapid article growth, signaling growing research potential. Key topics include Crohn's disease, gut microbiota, H. pylori infection, and ulcerative colitis. Newer interests include health, cancer prevention, and chronic gastritis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over the past, research on H. pylori and IBD has primarily centered around epidemiology and clinical studies. The question of whether H. pylori definitively offers protective effects against IBD remains unresolved. Therefore, further investigation could explore the underlying mechanisms of their relationship or initiate long-term prospective cohort studies to gather more compelling evidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jgh3.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of liver fibrosis scores and fatty liver on computed tomography as risk factors for severity of COVID-19","authors":"Yuji Kamiya,&nbsp;Masahiro Shinoda,&nbsp;Naoki Ishii,&nbsp;Saki Yamamoto,&nbsp;Tetsuo Sekine,&nbsp;Miwa Morikawa,&nbsp;Shinichiro Ota,&nbsp;Mio Toyama-Kousaka,&nbsp;Hidenori Takahashi,&nbsp;Hiroaki Takei,&nbsp;Masaharu Shinkai","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jgh3.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increased liver fibrosis scores (LFS), such as fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), and fatty liver are known risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study was to identify the best scores, which predict the prognosis of COVID-19.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants comprised consecutive Japanese COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital between February 14, 2020, and April 14, 2021. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between LFS (FIB-4, NFS, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index [APRI], BARD score, and hepatic steatosis index [HSI]) or fatty liver on computed tomography (CT), and severity of COVID-19.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 415 patients (mean age, 59 years), 177 patients (42.7%) needed oxygen therapy, 90 patients (21.7%) worsened to severe COVID-19, and 45 patients (10.8%) died during admission. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increased FIB-4 and NFS were risk factors for death, severe COVID-19, and oxygen demand; that increased BARD was a risk factor for severe COVID-19 and oxygen demand; and that increased APRI and HSI were not risk factors for any status of COVID-19. Furthermore, increased NFS or BARD and fatty liver were independent risk factors for severe COVID-19 and oxygen demand.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study showed that FIB-4 and NFS were the best liver fibrosis scores that predicted worse prognosis for COVID-19, and that increased NFS or BARD and fatty liver evident on CT represented independent risk factors for severe COVID-19 and oxygen demand.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11310555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver dysfunction in adults with COVID-19 infection: A longitudinal study with transient elastography evaluation","authors":"Ruveena Bhavani Rajaram,&nbsp;Thevaraajan Jayaraman,&nbsp;Xin-Hui Khoo,&nbsp;Nalliah Saravanaa,&nbsp;Anjanna Kukreja,&nbsp;Bushra Megat Johari,&nbsp;Nadia Fareeda Muhammad Gowdh,&nbsp;Wai-Kin Lee,&nbsp;Choong-Yeong Sooi,&nbsp;Sazali Basri,&nbsp;Rong-Xiang Ng,&nbsp;Hang-Cheng Ong,&nbsp;Pui-Li Wong,&nbsp;Sharifah Faridah Syed Omar,&nbsp;Sanjiv Mahadeva","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.13118","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jgh3.13118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Abnormal liver biochemistry (ALB) is common among patients with COVID-19 infection due to various factors. It is uncertain if it persists after the acute infection. We aimed to investigate this.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A multicenter study of adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection, with at least a single abnormal liver function test, was conducted. Detailed laboratory and imaging tests, including transabdominal ultrasound and FibroScan, were performed at assessment and at 6-month follow-up after hospital discharge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From an initial cohort of 1246 patients who were hospitalized, 731 (58.7%) had ALB. A total of 174/731 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria with the following characteristics: 48.9% patients had severe COVID-19; 62.1% had chronic liver disease (CLD); and 56.9% had metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). ALB was predominantly of a mixed pattern (67.8%). Among those (55.2%) who had liver injury (aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase &gt;3 times the upper limit of normal, or alkaline phosphatase/γ-glutamyl transferase/bilirubin &gt;2 times the upper limit of normal), a mixed pattern was similarly predominant. Approximately 52.3% had normalization of the liver lunction test in the 6-month period post discharge. Patients with persistent ALB had significantly higher mean body mass index (BMI) and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), higher rates of MAFLD and CLD, higher mean liver stiffness measurement and continuous attenuated parameter score on FibroScan, and higher rates of liver injury on univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was not statistically significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Approximately 47.7% of COVID-19 patients were found to have persistent ALB up to 6 months following the acute infection, and it was associated with raised BMI, elevated serum LDL, increased rates of MAFLD and CLD, and higher rates of liver injury on univariate analysis, but not on multivariate analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11304265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in measuring the effects of diet on gastrointestinal physiology: Sniffing luminal gases and fecal volatile organic compounds","authors":"Phoebe A Thwaites,&nbsp;Rachael Slater,&nbsp;Christopher Probert,&nbsp;Peter R Gibson","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jgh3.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the huge pool of ideas on how diet can be manipulated to ameliorate or prevent illnesses, our understanding of how specific changes in diet influence the gastrointestinal tract is limited. This review aims to describe two innovative investigative techniques that are helping lift the veil of mystery about the workings of the gut. First, the gas-sensing capsule is a telemetric swallowable device that provides unique information on gastric physiology, small intestinal microbial activity, and fermentative patterns in the colon. Its ability to accurately measure regional and whole-gut transit times in ambulant humans has been confirmed. Luminal concentrations of hydrogen and carbon dioxide are measured by sampling through the gastrointestinal tract, and such application has enabled mapping of the relative amounts of fermentation of carbohydrates in proximal-<i>versus</i>-distal colon after manipulation of the types and amounts of dietary fiber. Second, changes in the smell of feces, via analysis of volatile organic compounds, occur in response to the diet, and by the presence and therapy of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. Such information is likely to aid our understanding of what dietary change can do to the colonic luminal microenvironment, and may value-add to diagnosis and therapeutic design. In conclusion, such methodologies enable a more complete physiological profile of the gastrointestinal tract to be created. Systematic description in various cohorts and effects of dietary interventions, particularly when co-ordinated with the analysis of microbiome, are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11284451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary NGAL in gastrointestinal diseases can be used as an indicator of early infection in addition to acute kidney injury marker","authors":"Yuichi Kojima,&nbsp;Atsunori Tsuchiya,&nbsp;Masaki Mito,&nbsp;Yusuke Watanabe,&nbsp;Yuzo Kawata,&nbsp;Kentaro Tominaga,&nbsp;Shuji Terai","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jgh3.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is characterized by increased expression before the rise in serum creatinine and has been used as a biomarker for the early prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, there have been no comprehensive analyses of its significance in gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to analyze the usefulness of measuring urinary NGAL levels in patients with gastrointestinal diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 171 patients with a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases. Urinary NGAL levels were measured in all patients within 24 h of admission and 72 h later.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urinary NGAL levels were higher in patients with acute pancreatitis and acute cholangitis/cholecystitis than in those with other diseases. Although lower than in these diseases, urinary NGAL tends to be higher in inflammatory bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as in acute and chronic liver diseases, and is higher in liver cirrhosis as the Child–Pugh grade increases. Furthermore, we found that the group with higher urinary NGAL levels, which continued to increase over time, had worse hospital stays and prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urinary NGAL could be used as an indicator of infectious diseases rather than an indicator of AKI in inflammatory bowel diseases and cirrhosis, and could predict the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11284450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of risk groups for advanced liver fibrosis in the general population using the Fibrosis-3 index","authors":"Kazuya Kariyama,&nbsp;Miwa Kawanaka,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Nouso,&nbsp;Akiko Wakuta,&nbsp;Shohei Shiota,&nbsp;Akemi Kurisu,&nbsp;Aya Sugiyama,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Akita,&nbsp;Takashi Kumada,&nbsp;Junko Tanaka,&nbsp;the Real-Life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group","doi":"10.1002/jgh3.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jgh3.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a study using the Fibrosis-3 (FIB-3) index, which is the established age-independent index of fibrosis in nonviral liver disease and addresses the limitations of the FIB-4 index in older age group, to assess the liver fibrosis risk among diverse demographic groups in the general population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed 31 327 individuals who underwent health examinations between 2013 and 2020 and investigated the distribution of the FIB-3 index by age group. In addition, we examined the age distribution of the FIB-3 index stratified by background factors, such as sex, body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption habits, and the presence or absence of fatty liver.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In terms of age-specific distribution, the FIB-3 index remained below 1.5 in &gt;90% of cases until the age of 50 years but exceeded 1.5 beyond the age of 50 years, in approximately 30% among those aged 70 years. Notably, the FIB-3 index above 31 years old was significantly higher in men than in women. Among the different BMI categories, individuals with BMI &lt; 18.5 exhibited the highest prevalence of fibrosis. Habitual drinkers had a higher proportion with FIB-3. index ≥1.5, and some had FIB-3 index ≥2.5, raising the suspicion of advanced hepatic fibrosis. No distinct association was identified between the FIB-3 index and the presence of fatty liver.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The FIB-3 index was useful for identifying cases of advancing hepatic fibrosis in a health checkup population. Liver fibrosis progresses with age in the general population, especially among men, those with low BMI, and habitual drinkers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45861,"journal":{"name":"JGH Open","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11271256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}