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Annual Review of Linguistics最新文献

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Acquisition of Sign Languages. 手语的习得。
IF 3 1区 文学
Annual Review of Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-12 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-linguistics-043020-092357
Diane Lillo-Martin, Jonathan Henner
{"title":"Acquisition of Sign Languages.","authors":"Diane Lillo-Martin, Jonathan Henner","doi":"10.1146/annurev-linguistics-043020-092357","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-linguistics-043020-092357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural sign languages of deaf communities are acquired on the same time scale as that of spoken languages if children have access to fluent signers providing input from birth. Infants are sensitive to linguistic information provided visually, and early milestones show many parallels. The modality may affect various areas of language acquisition; such effects include the form of signs (sign phonology), the potential advantage presented by visual iconicity, and the use of spatial locations to represent referents, locations, and movement events. Unfortunately, the vast majority of deaf children do not receive accessible linguistic input in infancy, and these children experience language deprivation. Negative effects on language are observed when first-language acquisition is delayed. For those who eventually begin to learn a sign language, earlier input is associated with better language and academic outcomes. Further research is especially needed with a broader diversity of participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":45803,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8570554/pdf/nihms-1712492.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39598504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Use of Corpus Linguistics in Legal Interpretation 语料库语言学在法律解释中的应用
IF 3.2 1区 文学
Annual Review of Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-06-19 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-050520-093942
Neal Goldfarb
{"title":"The Use of Corpus Linguistics in Legal Interpretation","authors":"Neal Goldfarb","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-050520-093942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-050520-093942","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, the idea of using corpus linguistics in legal interpretation has attracted interest on the part of judges, lawyers, and legal academics in the United States. This review provides an introduction to this nascent movement, which is generally referred to as Law and Corpus Linguistics (LCL). After briefly summarizing LCL's origin and development, I situate LCL within legal interpretation by discussing the legal concept of ordinary meaning, which establishes the framework within which LCL operates. Next, I situate LCL within linguistics by identifying the subfields that are most relevant to LCL. I then offer a linguistic justification for an idea that is implicit in the case law and that provides important support for using corpus analysis in legal interpretation: that data about patterns of usage provide evidence of how words and other expressions are ordinarily understood. I go on to discuss linguistic issues that arise from the use of corpus linguistics in disputes that involve lexical ambiguity and categorization. Finally, I point out some challenges that the growth of LCL will present for both legal professionals and linguists.","PeriodicalId":45803,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88937988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Fantastic Linguistics 神奇的语言学
IF 3.2 1区 文学
Annual Review of Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-01-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011619-030459
Sarah Thomason, W. Poser
{"title":"Fantastic Linguistics","authors":"Sarah Thomason, W. Poser","doi":"10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011619-030459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011619-030459","url":null,"abstract":"Many nonlinguists believe that their ability to speak at least one language provides special insight into the essence of languages and their histories. One result of this belief is a plethora of theories about language from a surprising variety of perspectives: where particular languages (or all languages) originated, which languages are related by a shared history, how undeciphered writings or pseudowritings are to be read, how language figures in paranormal claims as “evidence” for reincarnation and channeled entities, and much, much more. This review surveys some of the major areas in which fringe and crackpot claims about language thrive. Only a few topics and examples can be covered in the limited space of a single article, but these should be enough, we hope, to suggest the range of wonderfully wacky pseudolinguistic notions out there.","PeriodicalId":45803,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76788102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Metered Verse 计量的诗句
IF 3.2 1区 文学
Annual Review of Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-01-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011619-030620
P. Kiparsky
{"title":"Metered Verse","authors":"P. Kiparsky","doi":"10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011619-030620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011619-030620","url":null,"abstract":"Generative metrics studies versification as a stylization of phonological form. This review article outlines its main goals, hypotheses, and findings and presents a template-matching version of it, which models meters as mappings of abstract verse patterns to their permissible linguistic instantiations. It lays out the key features that verse rhythm shares with rhythm in other cognitive domains and distinguishes it from biological rhythms, offering evidence suggesting that these features are rooted in the language faculty. After a review of the typology of stress-, weight-, and tone-based meters, the predictions of the theory are illustrated in more detail with an analysis of Shakespeare's blank verse. The theory is extended by modeling conventions of setting poems to music as an interface between composition and delivery. English text-setting, which privileges natural phonological stress and phrasing, even at the expense of the poem's meter, lineation, and caesuras, is contrasted with other traditions in which text-setting is more faithful to meter. The negotiation of phonology and meter in song provides a sensitive probe into the prosodic organization of language.","PeriodicalId":45803,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90996123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Relations Between Reading and Speech Manifest Universal Phonological Principle 阅读与言语的关系体现了普遍的音韵学原理
IF 3.2 1区 文学
Annual Review of Linguistics Pub Date : 2019-01-16 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011718-012419
D. Shankweiler, C. Fowler
{"title":"Relations Between Reading and Speech Manifest Universal Phonological Principle","authors":"D. Shankweiler, C. Fowler","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011718-012419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011718-012419","url":null,"abstract":"All writing systems represent speech, providing a means for recording each word of a message. This is achieved by symbolizing the phonological forms of spoken words as well as information conveying grammar and meaning. Alphabetic systems represent the segmental phonology by providing symbols for individual consonants and vowels; some also convey morphological units. Other systems represent syllables (typically CVs) or morphosyllables. In all cases, learning to read requires a learner to discover the forms of language that writing encodes, drawing on metalinguistic abilities that are not needed for the acquisition of speech. Therefore, learning to read is harder and rarer than acquiring speech. Research reveals that skilled readers of every studied orthography access phonological language forms automatically and early in word reading. Although reading processes differ according to the cognitive demands of specific orthographic forms, the differences are subservient to the universal phonologic principle that all readers access phonological language forms.","PeriodicalId":45803,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91306117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Three Mathematical Foundations for Syntax 语法的三个数学基础
IF 3.2 1区 文学
Annual Review of Linguistics Pub Date : 2019-01-16 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011415-040658
E. Stabler
{"title":"Three Mathematical Foundations for Syntax","authors":"E. Stabler","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011415-040658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011415-040658","url":null,"abstract":"Three different foundational ideas can be identified in recent syntactic theory: structure from substitution classes, structure from dependencies among heads, and structure as the result of optimizing preferences. As formulated in this review, it is easy to see that these three ideas are completely independent. Each has a different mathematical foundation, each suggests a different natural connection to meaning, and each implies something different about how language acquisition could work. Since they are all well supported by the evidence, these three ideas are found in various mixtures in the prominent syntactic traditions. From this perspective, if syntax springs fundamentally from a single basic human ability, it is an ability that exploits a coincidence of a number of very different things.","PeriodicalId":45803,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77115554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Response Systems: The Syntax and Semantics of Fragment Answers and Response Particles 回应系统:片段回答和回应粒子的句法和语义
IF 3.2 1区 文学
Annual Review of Linguistics Pub Date : 2019-01-16 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011718-012613
M. Espinal, Susagna Tubau
{"title":"Response Systems: The Syntax and Semantics of Fragment Answers and Response Particles","authors":"M. Espinal, Susagna Tubau","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011718-012613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011718-012613","url":null,"abstract":"This article critically reviews the main research issues raised in the study of response systems in natural languages by addressing the syntax and semantics of fragment answers and yes/no response particles. Fragment answers include replies that do not have a sentential form, whereas response particles consist solely of an affirmative or a negative adverb. While the main research question in the syntax of fragments and response particles has been whether these contain more syntactic structure than what is actually pronounced, the key issues in the study of their semantics are question–answer congruence, the anaphoric potential of response particles, and the meaning of fragments in relation to positive and negative questions. In connection to these issues, this review suggests some interesting avenues for further research: ( a) providing an analysis of particles other than yes/no, ( b) choosing between echoic versus nonechoic forms as answers to polar questions, and ( c) deciding whether some non-lexically-based or nonverbal responses are systematically used in combination with polar particles to express (dis)agreement.","PeriodicalId":45803,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81527965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Computational Modeling of Phonological Learning 语音学习的计算模型
IF 3.2 1区 文学
Annual Review of Linguistics Pub Date : 2019-01-16 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011718-011832
G. Jarosz
{"title":"Computational Modeling of Phonological Learning","authors":"G. Jarosz","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011718-011832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011718-011832","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in computational modeling have led to significant discoveries about the representation and acquisition of phonological knowledge and the limits on language learning and variation. These discoveries are the result of applying computational learning models to increasingly rich and complex natural language data while making increasingly realistic assumptions about the learning task. This article reviews the recent developments in computational modeling that have made connections between fully explicit theories of learning, naturally occurring corpus data, and the richness of psycholinguistic and typological data possible. These advances fall into two broad research areas: ( a) the development of models capable of learning the quantitative, noisy, and inconsistent patterns that are characteristic of naturalistic data and ( b) the development of models with the capacity to learn hidden phonological structure from unlabeled data. After reviewing these advances, the article summarizes some of the most significant consequent discoveries.","PeriodicalId":45803,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83184846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Western Austronesian Voice 西南岛语
IF 3.2 1区 文学
Annual Review of Linguistics Pub Date : 2019-01-16 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011718-011731
Victoria Chen, Bradley McDonnell
{"title":"Western Austronesian Voice","authors":"Victoria Chen, Bradley McDonnell","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011718-011731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011718-011731","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past four decades, the nature of western Austronesian voice—typically subcategorized as Philippine-type and Indonesian-type—has triggered considerable debate in the typological and syntactic literature. Central questions in these debates have been concerned with how voice alternations in western Austronesian languages interact with grammatical relations, transitivity, and syntactic alignment. In this review, we reassess the syntactic properties of voice alternations in western Austronesian languages, in some cases focusing on more controversial alternations, including the putative antipassive and applicative constructions in Philippine-type languages and the passive constructions in Indonesian-type languages. We discuss reasons that favor a valency-neutral approach to western Austronesian voice and evidence against a valency-changing and/or ergative approach to the analysis of these languages.","PeriodicalId":45803,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90820557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Closest Conjunct Agreement 最紧密连接协议
IF 3.2 1区 文学
Annual Review of Linguistics Pub Date : 2019-01-16 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011718-012708
A. Nevins, P. Weisser
{"title":"Closest Conjunct Agreement","authors":"A. Nevins, P. Weisser","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011718-012708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011718-012708","url":null,"abstract":"Closest conjunct agreement is of great theoretical interest in terms of what it reveals about the structure of coordination; the locality of agreement relations; and the interaction between syntax, semantics, and morphology in the expression of agreement. We highlight recent approaches to the phenomenon, including typologically diverse case studies and experimentally elicited results, and point out crystallized generalizations as well as directions for future research, including the absence of last conjunct agreement, the absence of closest conjunct case, differences between conjunction and disjunction, and the role of linear adjacency in morphological realization.","PeriodicalId":45803,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78544053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
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