非有限形式的句法和语义

IF 3 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
J. Lowe
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引用次数: 2

摘要

理解非有限动词范畴的句法和语义性质,最好是与有限动词范畴的相应性质相联系和区别。为了探讨这些问题,有必要提供一种跨语言学上有效的有限性表征。有限性是一个原型概念,与特定语言的有限动词原型相关;因此,非有限性是根据偏离原型的程度来理解的。非有限动词范畴的句法性质可以从两个角度来考虑:非有限分句在上级分句中的作用(如实参和附加功能)和非有限动词短语的内部结构。第二个方面的典型是,相对于有限短语,非有限短语往往在这方面或那方面有缺陷,这可以理解为缺乏功能投影或特征,这是有限短语的必要组成部分。这种相对于有限原型的缺陷也表现在语义学上;通常,非有限短语的意义的某些方面不是独立指定的,而是必须从上级有限子句的语义属性中派生出来的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Syntax and Semantics of Nonfinite Forms
The syntactic and semantic properties of nonfinite verb categories can best be understood in relation to and distinction from the corresponding properties of finite verb categories. In order to explore these issues, it is necessary to provide a crosslinguistically valid characterization of finiteness. Finiteness is a prototypical notion, understood in relation to a language-specific finite verb prototype; nonfiniteness is therefore understood in terms of degrees of deviation from this prototype. The syntactic properties of nonfinite verb categories, so defined, can be considered from two perspectives: the functions of nonfinite clauses within superordinate clauses (e.g., argument and adjunct functions) and the internal structure of nonfinite verb phrases. Typical of the second aspect is that nonfinite phrases tend to be defective in one or another respect, relative to finite phrases, which may be understood in terms of lacking functional projections or features which are an obligatory part of finite phrases. This defectiveness relative to the finite prototype plays out also in the semantics; typically, certain aspects of the meaning of nonfinite phrases are not independently specified, but must be derived from semantic properties of a superordinate finite clause.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
6.20%
发文量
37
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Linguistics, in publication since 2015, covers significant developments in the field of linguistics, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and their interfaces. Reviews synthesize advances in linguistic theory, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, language change, biology and evolution of language, typology, as well as applications of linguistics in many domains.
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