Clinical Neurophysiology Practice最新文献

{"title":"E-norms and AI in clinical neurophysiology","authors":"Joe F. Jabre","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to automate the e-norms method, a technique used to derive normative data from patient studies, mixed datasets that contain both normal and abnormal data. Multiple studies have shown that normal values collected with the e-norms method compare favorably with those collected from healthy volunteers using traditional methods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>OpenAI’s ChatGPT was used by the author to build a Python script to automate the e-norms method’s plateau identification, the area of the e-norms curve where a variable’s normal values lie. To date, e-norms plateau identification has been done visually using an Excel Macro developed for that purpose.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>E-norms normal values derived from the visual e-norms plateau identification with the Excel Macro compared favorably with those derived from the OpenAI’s Python script developed by the author to automate the e-norms plateau identification.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>OpenAI’s ChatGPT Python scripts can be developed by users with little to no experience in programming to automate the collection of e-norms normal values.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>A Neurologist with no experience in programming, and a limited knowledge of statistics was able to develop this on his own without the help of any programmers or statisticians.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 299-304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropathy 10–15 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for severe obesity: A community-controlled nerve conduction study","authors":"Trond Sand ,&nbsp;Arnstein Grøtting ,&nbsp;Martin Uglem ,&nbsp;Nils Augestad ,&nbsp;Gjermund Johnsen ,&nbsp;Jorunn Sandvik","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We searched for long-term peripheral nerve complications 10–15 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), using a comprehensive nerve conduction study (NCS) protocol.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Patients (n = 175, mean age 52.0, BMI 35.2) and 86 community-controls (mean age 56.8, BMI 27.2) had NCS of one upper and lower limb. New abnormality scores from 27 polyneuropathy-relevant (PNP27s) and four carpal tunnel syndrome-relevant NCS-measures (CTS4s) were compared between groups with non-parametric statistics. Estimated prevalences were compared by 95 % confidence limits. The clinical neurophysiologist’s diagnosis was retrieved from hospital records (PNP-ncs, CTS-ncs, other).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Abnormality score did not differ between RYGB and control groups (PNP27s: 1.9 vs 1.7, CTS4s: 0.7 vs 0.6, p &gt; 0.29). BMI correlated weakly with CTS4s in patients (rho = 0.19, p = 0.01), and less with PNP27s (rho = 0.12, p = 0.12). Polyneuropathy (PNP-ncs) prevalence was 12 % in patients and 8 % in controls. CTS-ncs prevalence was 21 % in patients and 10 % in controls (p = 0.04).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>NCS-based abnormality scores did not differ between patients 10–15 years after RYGB and community-recruited controls, neither for PNP nor CTS.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Long-term polyneuropathic complications from RYGB have probably been avoided by modern treatment guidelines. NCS-diagnosed CTS is common in overweight RYGB patients. RYGB-patients with significant neuropathic symptoms need clinical evaluation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 130-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467981X24000131/pdfft?md5=77668f9eb607ec5ad7bd32c24c90f7c5&pid=1-s2.0-S2467981X24000131-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140400936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the compound muscle action potential (CMAP)","authors":"Paul E. Barkhaus ,&nbsp;Sanjeev D. Nandedkar ,&nbsp;Mamede de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Michael Swash ,&nbsp;Erik V. Stålberg","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) is among the first recorded waveforms in clinical neurography and one of the most common in clinical use. It is derived from the summated muscle fiber action potentials recorded from a surface electrode overlying the studied muscle following stimulation of the relevant motor nerve fibres innervating the muscle. Surface recorded motor unit potentials (SMUPs) are the fundamental units comprising the CMAP. Because it is considered a basic, if not banal signal, what it represents is often underappreciated. In this review we discuss current concepts in the anatomy and physiology of the CMAP. These have evolved with advances in instrumentation and digitization of signals, affecting its quantitation and measurement.</p><p>It is important to understand the basic technical and biological factors influencing the CMAP. If these influences are not recognized, then a suboptimal recording may result. The object is to obtain a high quality CMAP recording that is reproducible, whether the study is done for clinical or research purposes.</p><p>The initial sections cover the relevant CMAP anatomy and physiology, followed by how these principles are applied to CMAP changes in neuromuscular disorders. The concluding section is a brief overview of CMAP research where advances in recording systems and computer-based analysis programs have opened new research applications. One such example is motor unit number estimation (MUNE) that is now being used as a surrogate marker in monitoring chronic neurogenic processes such as motor neuron diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 176-200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467981X24000167/pdfft?md5=2343d2ed36579509f62f25de6f1f96c6&pid=1-s2.0-S2467981X24000167-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141033077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of “intensive care unit-acquired weakness” and “critical illness myopathy”: Do the diagnostic criteria need to be revised?","authors":"Belén Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Joerg C. Schefold ,&nbsp;Werner J. Z’Graggen","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICUAW) is a clinical diagnosis and an umbrella term for acquired weakness due to neuromuscular disorders such as critical illness myopathy (CIM) but also muscular inactivity/atrophy. Without a clear understanding of the distinct aetiology, it seems difficult to predict outcomes of ICUAW and to test and apply effective future treatments. The present study contrasts ICUAW with CIM and assesses the diagnostic and clinical relevance for affected patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data from a previous prospective cohort study investigating critically ill COVID-19 patients was analysed in a retrospective fashion. Patients were examined ten days after intubation with clinical assessment, nerve conduction studies, electromyography and muscle biopsy. Mortality was assessed during critical illness and at three months after hospital discharge. ICUAW and CIM were diagnosed according to the current diagnostic guidelines.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In this patient sample (n = 22), 92 % developed ICUAW, 55 % developed ICUAW and CIM, and 36 % had ICUAW but did not develop CIM. Overall, 27 % patients died during their stay in the intensive care unit. At three months after discharge, there were no further deaths, but in 14 % of patients the outcome was unknown. The diagnosis of CIM was more strongly associated with death during critical illness than ICUAW. No patient with ICUAW who did not fulfil the criteria for CIM died. Both clinical and electrophysiological criteria showed excellent sensitivity for CIM diagnosis, but only electrophysiological criteria had a high specificity. Determination of the myosin:actin ratio showed neither high sensitivity nor specificity for the diagnosis of CIM.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results of the present study support that ICUAW is a non-specific clinical diagnosis of low predictive power with regard to mortality. Further, diagnosing “ICUAW” seems also of little research value for both exploring the aetiology and pathophysiology of muscle weakness in critically ill patients and for evaluating potential treatment effects. Thus, more specific diagnoses such as CIM are more appropriate. Within the different diagnostic criteria for CIM, electrophysiological studies are the most sensitive and specific examinations compared to clinical and muscle tissue assessment.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Avoiding an overarching diagnosis of “ICUAW” and instead focusing on specific diagnoses appears to have several relevant consequences: more precise diagnosis making, more accurate referral to aetiology and pathophysiology, improved outcome prediction, and development of more appropriate treatments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 236-241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467981X24000234/pdfft?md5=095ddcff69f74d3ed1d719437d9b005f&pid=1-s2.0-S2467981X24000234-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring relationships between pre-operative median nerve echointensity and short-term outcomes of carpal tunnel release − A retrospective review","authors":"Yohei Harada,&nbsp;Thapat Wannarong,&nbsp;Megan Neely,&nbsp;John Williams,&nbsp;Tyler Pidgeon,&nbsp;Lisa D. Hobson-Webb","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 249-251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467981X24000258/pdfft?md5=3df551fe042617dd3d8eea6ab9ff0e07&pid=1-s2.0-S2467981X24000258-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142162989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can intravenous lorazepam prevent postictal generalized EEG suppression? A case report","authors":"Zack Ramilevich,&nbsp;Katherine Zarroli","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnp.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Postictal generalized electrographic suppression (PGES) may be considered an electrophysiological marker associated with an increased risk of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP).</p></div><div><h3>Case Presentation</h3><p>A case study is presented whereby a young man with focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures exhibited PGES after two spontaneously-aborted seizures; yet, after a third benzodiazepine-aborted seizure, PGES was absent.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This suggests that acutely administered benzodiazepines may offer direct anti-suppressive effects to prevent PGES, potentially reducing SUDEP risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 201-204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467981X24000180/pdfft?md5=d6219f4acb9ebb6b405c61a7b7b48155&pid=1-s2.0-S2467981X24000180-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141542567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do measures of gain asymmetry and catch-up saccades improve video head impulse test agreement with caloric results?","authors":"I. Zay Melville ,&nbsp;Kyla Yamsuan ,&nbsp;Helen Wu ,&nbsp;Peter R. Thorne ,&nbsp;Kei Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Rachael L. Taylor","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the relative sensitivity and agreement of caloric testing and video head impulse test (vHIT) across four groups of vestibular disorders.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Caloric and vHIT results of 118 patients with either Ménière’s disease, vestibular neuritis/labyrinthitis, vestibular migraine, or vestibular schwannoma were retrospectively analyzed. vHIT gain, gain asymmetry, and catch-up-saccades (≥100°/sec) were compared with reference limits of 91 controls.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Abnormal caloric results and vHIT gain were recorded in 57.6 % and 33.1 % of patients, respectively. Consideration of all three measures increased vHIT sensitivity to 43.2 %, and concordance with caloric results improved from 66.1 % to 70.3 %. A significant interaction effect confirmed the relationship between tests depended on the diagnosis (p = 0.013). Vestibular migraine and vestibular neuritis/labyrinthitis produced similar results on both tests, usually normal and abnormal respectively. Vestibular schwannoma produced more caloric abnormalities than vHIT gain but not compared with catch-up-saccades and gain asymmetry; Ménière’s disease produced more caloric abnormalities than all vHIT measures. When vHIT was normal (all measures), a 37 % canal paresis was 90 % specific for Ménière’s disease.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Rates of vHIT catch-up-saccades and gain asymmetry can improve sensitivity and concordance with caloric testing, but this is disease-dependent.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>vHIT outcome measures are complementary to the caloric test and each other.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 217-226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467981X24000209/pdfft?md5=7818b0a50eef5b4bed91e0a41abd8b17&pid=1-s2.0-S2467981X24000209-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing historical data to derive reference limits – A comparison of e-norms to traditionally derived reference limits","authors":"Ø. Dunker ,&nbsp;T.S. Szczepanski ,&nbsp;H.O.P. Do ,&nbsp;P. Omland ,&nbsp;M.U. Lie ,&nbsp;T. Sand ,&nbsp;J.F. Jabre ,&nbsp;K.B. Nilsen","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Nerve conduction studies (NCS) require valid reference limits for meaningful interpretation. We aimed to further develop the extrapolated norms (e-norms) method for obtaining NCS reference limits from historical laboratory datasets for children and adults, and to validate it against traditionally derived reference limits.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We compared reference limits obtained by applying a further developed e-norms with reference limits from healthy controls for the age strata’s 9–18, 20–44 and 45–60 years old. The control data consisted of 65 healthy children and 578 healthy adults, matched with 1294 and 5628 patients respectively. Five commonly investigated nerves were chosen: The tibial and peroneal motor nerves (amplitudes, conduction velocities, F-waves), and the sural, superficial peroneal and medial plantar sensory nerves (amplitudes, conduction velocities). The datasets were matched by hospital to ensure identical equipment and protocols. The e-norms method was adapted, and reference limit calculation using both ±2 SD (original method) and ±2.5 SD (to compensate for predicted underestimation of population SD by the e-norms method) was compared to control data using ±2 SD. Percentage agreement between e-norms and the traditional method was calculated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>On average, the e-norms method (mean ±2 SD) produced slightly stricter reference limits compared to the traditional method. Increasing the e-norms range to mean ±2.5 SD improved the results in children while slightly overcorrecting in the adult group. The average agreement between the two methods was 95 % (±2 SD) and 96 % (±2.5 SD).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The e-norms method yielded slightly stricter reference limits overall than ones obtained through traditional methods; However, much of the difference can be attributed to a few outlying plots where the raters found it difficult to apply e-norms correctly.<!--> <!-->The two methods disagreed on classification of 4–5% of cases. Our e-norms software is suited to analyze large amounts of raw NCS data; it should further reduce bias and facilitate more accurate ratings.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>With small adaptations, the e-norms method adequately replicates traditionally derived reference limits, and is a viable method to produce reference limits from historical datasets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 168-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467981X24000155/pdfft?md5=64f25142bfd766fa5e5d681037d332ee&pid=1-s2.0-S2467981X24000155-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140787470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of MND/ALS: IFCN handbook chapter","authors":"Mamede de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Michael Swash","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate and rapid diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is essential in order to provide accurate information for patient and family, to avoid time-consuming investigations and to permit an appropriate management plan. ALS is variable regarding presentation, disease progression, genetic profile and patient reaction to the diagnosis. It is obviously important to exclude treatable conditions but, in most patients, for experienced neurologists the diagnosis is clear-cut, depending on the presence of progressive upper and lower motor neuron signs. Patients with signs of restricted lower motor neuron (LMN) or upper motor neuron (UMN) dysfunction may present diagnostic difficulty, but electromyography (EMG) is often a determinant diagnostic test since it may exclude other disorders. Transcranial magnetic stimulation may aid detection of UMN dysfunction, and brain and spinal cord MRI, ultrasound and blood neurofilament measurements, have begun to have clinical impact, although none are themselves diagnostic tests. Several sets of diagnostic criteria have been proposed in the past; all rely on clinical LMN and UMN signs in different anatomic territories, EMG changes, exclusion of other disorders, and disease progression, in particular evidence of spreading to other anatomic territories. Fasciculations are a characteristic clinical feature and increased importance is now attached to fasciculation potentials detected by EMG, when associated with classical signs of denervation and reinnervation. The Gold Coast diagnostic criteria rely on the presence of UMN and LMN signs in one (or more) anatomic territory, or LMN signs in two (or more) anatomic territories, recognizing the fundamental clinical requirements of disease progression and exclusion of other diseases. Recent studies confirm a high sensitivity without loss of specificity using these Gold Coast criteria. In considering the diagnosis of ALS a critical question for future understanding is whether ALS should be considered a syndrome or a specific clinico-pathologic entity; this can only be addressed in the light of more complete knowledge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467981X23000355/pdfft?md5=a5fa4ccc67823182f5565a3f5a377e49&pid=1-s2.0-S2467981X23000355-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139019674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REM parasomnias: Straddling the sleep-wake line","authors":"Jayant N. Acharya,&nbsp;Vinita J. Acharya","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 51-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467981X24000039/pdfft?md5=90c8ff173712075f56fbe8fb9f775611&pid=1-s2.0-S2467981X24000039-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139456916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}