Clinical Neurophysiology Practice最新文献

{"title":"Case report: Potential physiological sources of the late response in epidural spinal recordings induced by spinal cord stimulation during intraoperative neuromonitoring.","authors":"Steven Falowski, Mingyue Tang, Ashlesha Deshmukh, Ameya Nanivadekar, David Page, Mingming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the sources of later response in epidural spinal recordings (ESRs) obtained from implanted leads during spinal cord stimulation, a topic has not been widely studied in previous research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two patients with lower back and lower extremity pain underwent SCS implantation with intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM). The timing of extracted peaks in ESRs and intramuscular electromyography (EMG) recordings were analyzed and compared to a Monte Carlo simulation for synchronization analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data show that, when using two most caudal electrodes for stimulation, late response in ESRs collected from SCS leads was not synchronized with EMG recordings from lower extremity muscles. However, parts of the late responses were synchronized with EMG recordings from abdominal muscle groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Late response in ESRs is believed to result from muscle contractions, although the exact sources have not been fully identified. They are likely to originate from muscles near the implanted leads.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>This research indicates that components of the late response may originate beyond the abdominal region, potentially offering additional information for current IONM practice. Additionally, understanding the sources of the late response may be useful for emerging clinical applications in neurorehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11760812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new method to evaluate staircase phenomenon in skeletal muscle using piezoelectric sensor.","authors":"Bungo Hirose, Tomihiro Imai, Kazuna Ikeda, Emiko Tsuda, Rika Yamauchi, Tatsuya Abe, Shin Hisahara","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The staircase phenomenon, which refers to the increases in the force of contraction with repetitive stimulation of the muscle, has been studied for many years, but the method is difficult and not widely used. Our objective was to evaluate the staircase phenomenon in skeletal muscle using a piezoelectric sensor.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-five subjects without neuromuscular diseases (normal controls), 11 patients with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), and 19 patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (MyD) were studied. Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and movement-related potential (MRP) waveforms were recorded using piezoelectric sensors during repetitive stimulation of the median nerve, and the amplitudes and durations were measured. Excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling time (ECCT) was calculated from the difference between onset latencies of CMAP and MRP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In normal controls, MRP amplitude ratio (relative to baseline) increased significantly with increase in stimulation duration and with increase in stimulation frequency. In BMD and MyD, however, MRP amplitude ratio did not change significantly with increase in stimulation duration. Especially, in MyD, there was no change in MRP amplitude ratio with increase in frequency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Staircase phenomenon abnormalities can be evaluated easily using piezoelectric sensors, indicating their potential utility for evaluating E-C coupling impairment in myopathies.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Piezoelectric sensors may be a useful tool to evaluate staircase phenomenon in skeletal muscle.</p>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Averted weakness from a large Martin-Gruber anastomosis.","authors":"Emily Cheung, Karl Ng","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"10-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor and parietal cortex activity responses to mirror visual feedback in patients with subacute stroke: An EEG study.","authors":"Jinyang Zhuang, Xiyuan Lei, Xiaoli Guo, Li Ding, Jie Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To elucidate the immediate electrophysiological effects of mirror visual feedback (MVF) combined with or without touch task in subacute stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subacute stroke patients and healthy controls were recruited to participate in four grasping tasks (MVF or no MVF, combined with rubber ball or no ball) under electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) /event-related synchronization (ERS) and the lateralization index (LI) were utilized to observe the electrophysiological effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MVF reduced ERD suppression in the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) of stroke patients. This reduction was observed in the low mu band for the contralateral parietal cortex during pure MVF. The laterality effects in the low mu band under MVF was noted in M1 for stroke patients and in the parietal cortex for all participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MVF inhibits the excitability of the contralateral M1 for subacute stroke. MVF inhibit activities in the contralateral M1 and parietal cortex, and reestablished hemispheric balance in the low mu band.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>MVF has an instantaneous effect on subacute stroke by inhibiting the excitability of the contralateral sensorimotor cortex. The attenuated ERD in the low mu band in contralateral M1 and parietal cortex may serve as biomarkers of MVF for stroke rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"12-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical neurophysiology of REM parasomnias: Diagnostic aspects and insights into pathophysiology","authors":"Melanie Bergmann ,&nbsp;Birgit Högl ,&nbsp;Ambra Stefani","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Parasomnias are due to a transient unstable state dissociation during entry into sleep, within sleep, or during arousal from sleep, and manifest with abnormal sleep related behaviors, perceptions, emotions, dreams, and autonomic nervous system activity.</p><p>Rapid eye movement (REM) parasomnias include REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), isolated recurrent sleep paralysis and nightmare disorder. Neurophysiology is key for diagnosing these disorders and provides insights into their pathophysiology.</p><p>RBD is very well characterized from a neurophysiological point of view, also thank to the fact that polysomnography is needed for the diagnosis. Diagnostic criteria are provided by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and video-polysomnography guidelines for the diagnosis by the International REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Study Group. Differences between the two sets of criteria are presented and discussed. Availability of polysomnography in RBD provides data on sleep electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG) and electromyography (EMG). Sleep EEG in RBD shows e.g. changes in delta and theta power, in sleep spindles and K complexes. EMG during REM sleep is essential for RBD diagnosis and is an important neurodegeneration biomarker. RBD patients present alterations also in wake EEG, autonomic function, evoked potentials, and transcranial magnetic stimulation.</p><p>Clinical neurophysiological data on recurrent isolated sleep paralysis and nightmare disorder are scant. The few available data provide insights into the pathophysiology of these disorders, demonstrating a state dissociation in recurrent isolated sleep paralysis and suggesting alterations in sleep macro- and microstructure as well as autonomic changes in nightmare disorder.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 53-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467981X24000027/pdfft?md5=284f181c314e115bc2779fb68c7c51dd&pid=1-s2.0-S2467981X24000027-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory nerve conduction studies in infants, children and teenagers – An update","authors":"Tom Frenzel ,&nbsp;Anne-Katrin Baum ,&nbsp;Hardy Krause ,&nbsp;Christoph Arens ,&nbsp;Aiden Haghikia ,&nbsp;Imke Galazky","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Nerve conduction studies (NCS) in children remain technically challenging and depend on the cooperation of the child. Motor NCS are not compromised by analgosedation but data for sensory NCS are lacking. Here, we ask whether sensory NCS is influenced by analgosedation. We also compare the present data with NCS studies from the 1990s regarding anthropometric acceleration of the contemporary paediatric population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Sensory NCS of the median nerve and sural nerve were performed in 182 healthy subjects aged 1 to 18 years during general anaesthesia and in 47 of them without analgosedation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Sensory NCS was not influenced by midazolam or propofol. The sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude and the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of the sural nerve as well as the SNAP of the median nerve show no significant age dependence in age range 1–18 years. The sensory NCV of the median nerve increased age-dependent.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In clinical practice, analgosedation can be used for diagnostic NCS. Sensory NCS data show no relevant secular trend over the last 30 years. Differences due to technical inconsistency predominate.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Analgosedation can improve diagnostic quality of sensory NCS in children. Additionally, we provide sensory NCS values from a large pediatric cohort.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467981X24000015/pdfft?md5=61bf88b20b03d7d1f52c1913018a1aab&pid=1-s2.0-S2467981X24000015-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased diaphragm moving distance measured by ultrasound speckle tracking reflects poor prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","authors":"Shunsuke Watanabe ,&nbsp;Kenji Sekiguchi ,&nbsp;Hirotomo Suehiro ,&nbsp;Masaaki Yoshikawa ,&nbsp;Yoshikatsu Noda ,&nbsp;Naohisa Kamiyama ,&nbsp;Riki Matsumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Decreased cephalocaudal diaphragm movement may indicate respiratory dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We aimed to evaluate diaphragm function in ALS using ultrasound speckle tracking, an image-analysis technology that follows similar pixel patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We developed an offline application that tracks pixel patterns of recorded ultrasound video images using speckle-tracking methods. Ultrasonography of the diaphragm movement during spontaneous quiet respiration was performed on 19 ALS patients and 21 controls to measure the diaphragm moving distance (DMD) in the cephalocaudal direction during a single respiration. We compared respiratory function measures and analyzed the relationship between the clinical profiles and DMD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DMD was significantly lower in ALS patients than in the control group (0.6 ± 1.4 mm vs 2.2 ± 2.2 mm, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and positively correlated with phrenic nerve compound motor action potential amplitude (R = 0.63, <em>p</em> = 0.01). DMD was negatively correlated with the change in the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised scores per month after the exam (R = −0.61, <em>p</em> = 0.02), and those with a larger rate of decline had a significantly lower DMD (<em>p</em> = 0.03).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Diaphragm ultrasound speckle tracking enabled the detection of diaphragm dysfunction in ALS.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Diaphragm ultrasound speckle tracking may be useful for predicting prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 252-260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cortical excitability: A threshold-tracking TMS study and review of the literature","authors":"Magdalena Mroczek ,&nbsp;Amedeo de Grado ,&nbsp;Hossain Pia ,&nbsp;Zahra Nochi ,&nbsp;Hatice Tankisi","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Insufficient sleep is linked to several health problems. Previous studies on the effects of sleep deprivation on cortical excitability using conventional transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) included a limited number of modalities, and few inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) and showed conflicting results. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on cortical excitability through threshold-tracking TMS, using a wide range of protocols at multiple ISIs.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fifteen healthy subjects (mean age ± SD: 36 ± 3.34 years) were included. The following tests were performed before and after 24 h of sleep deprivation using semi-automated threshold-tacking TMS protocols: short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) at 11 ISIs between 1 and 30 ms, short interval intracortical facilitation (SICF) at 14 ISIs between 1 and 4.9 ms, long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) at 6 ISIs between 50 and 300 ms, and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) at 12 ISIs between 16 and 30 ms.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>No significant differences were observed between pre- and post-sleep deprivation measurements for SICI, ICF, SICF, or LICI at any ISIs (p &lt; 0.05). As for SAI, we found a difference at 28 ms (p = 0.007) and 30 ms (p = 0.04) but not at other ISIs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Sleep deprivation does not affect cortical excitability except for SAI.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This study confirms some of the previous studies while contradicting others.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467981X23000318/pdfft?md5=e67a80b5f9c36abe3de95d1e36740be1&pid=1-s2.0-S2467981X23000318-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The speed of completion of the decremental responses on repetitive nerve stimulation","authors":"Yuki Ueta ,&nbsp;Takamichi Kanbayashi ,&nbsp;Yosuke Miyaji ,&nbsp;Yuki Hatanaka ,&nbsp;Keisuke Tachiyama ,&nbsp;Kazusa Takahashi ,&nbsp;Hiroo Terashi ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Aizawa ,&nbsp;Masahiro Sonoo","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>It is generally believed that the decremental response in repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) stabilizes at the fourth or fifth response. We have a preliminary impression that the decremental response approaches a plateau earlier in proximal muscles than in distal muscles. We investigated the speed of the completion of the decremental response in different muscles.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The “decrement completion ratio (DCR)” in the second or third response (DCR2 or DCR3) was defined as the ratio of the decremental percentage of the second or third response to that of the fourth response. Patients showing more than 10% decremental response both in the abductor pollicis (APB) and deltoid muscles were retrospectively extracted from our EMG database. The DCR2 and DCR3 were compared between two muscles in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Identified subjects consisted of 11patients with MG and 11 patients with ALS. Multiple regression analysis revealed that only the difference of muscle influenced on DCR2 and DCR3, with no contribution from the different disorder (MG or ALS) or the initial amplitude of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP). Both DCR2 and DCR3 were significantly higher in deltoid than in APB. In ALS, the normalized CMAP amplitude was not different between APB and deltoid whereas the decremental percentage was significantly higher in deltoid, suggesting a lower safety factor of the neuromuscular transmission in proximal muscles.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The decremental response completed more rapidly in deltoid than in APB which may be related to the lower safety factor also documented by this study.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Unexpected early completion of the decrement such as at the second response in RNS is not a technical error but may be an extreme of the rapid completion in deltoid, a proximal muscle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 211-216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467981X24000192/pdfft?md5=0179049e31ad5c3015c4fdbd0d282190&pid=1-s2.0-S2467981X24000192-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141623880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Martin-Gruber and complete Riché-Cannieu anastomoses disclosed during the electrodiagnostic evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome","authors":"Kevin J. Felice","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnp.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Electromyographers are frequently confronted by anomalous innervations and some may challenge the interpretation of nerve conduction studies (NCS). Reports of 2 or more anomalous innervations in the same patient are rare. I describe the NCS in a patient referred for an evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) who was found to harbor a combined Martin-Gruber anastomosis (MGA) and complete Riché-Cannieu anastomosis (RCA).</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>This 31-year-old man was referred for electrodiagnostic studies following several months of intermittent right hand numbness and tingling. Clinical exam was normal. Median and ulnar motor NCS showed evidence of a combined MGA and complete RCA. Prolongation of the median sensory peak latency and median-2nd lumbrical motor distal latency provided the electrodiagnostic clues in support of CTS.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>In summary, this report describes the rare occurrence of a combined MGA and complete RCA in a patient with CTS, demonstrates how NCS can sort out this dual anomaly, and discusses the electrodiagnostic and cadaveric literature on the topic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45697,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"Pages 279-282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}