Journal of Medical Ultrasound最新文献

{"title":"The Relationship between Vesicoureteral Reflux and Urinary Stones in Children Presenting with Urinary Tract Infections.","authors":"Maryam Sadat Mohsenzadeh, Mitra Naseri, Niayesh Tafazoli, Nooshin Tafazoli, Sayed Ali Alamdaran","doi":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-25-00036","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-25-00036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) can contribute to the formation of urinary stones. This study aims to assess the relationship between VUR and nephrolithiasis, as well as the correlation between the presence and grade of VUR with the formation and size of urinary stones.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2003 to December 2016. Children diagnosed with urinary tract infections (UTIs) were enrolled if they underwent both kidney-bladder ultrasound and voiding cystourethrography. The study examined the presence of stones in kidney-ureter units (KUUs) with and without VUR and assessed the relationship between the grades of VUR and both stone formation and size. Patients with anatomical urinary tract obstructions were excluded from the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 898 patients were enrolled. The frequencies of VUR, nephrolithiasis, and both VUR and nephrolithiasis were found to be 46.65%, 13.8%, and 5.7%, respectively. Three cases were excluded due to anatomical urinary tract obstructions. Of the 48 enrolled cases, 62.5% were female. Unilateral VUR was reported in 43.75% of the patients. Nephrolithiasis was identified in 68% refluxing KUUs and 57.2% of nonrefluxing units (<i>P</i> = 0.354). No significant differences were observed in the frequency of nephrolithiasis, the size of the largest stones, or the number of stones among patients with high-grade versus mild to moderate VUR (<i>P</i> < 0.05 for both).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study indicates that neither the presence of VUR nor it grading significantly influences stone formation in patients with UTIs. Other factors beyond urinary stasis due to VUR may be responsible for stone formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasound","volume":"34 2","pages":"213-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Comment on Ultrasonographic Measurements of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Hepatic Vessels among University-aged Youth in Baghdad, Iraq.","authors":"Abdul Sattar Arif Khammas","doi":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-26-00012","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-26-00012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasound","volume":"34 2","pages":"263-264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on Ultrasonographic Measurements of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Hepatic Vessels among University-aged Youth in Baghdad, Iraq.","authors":"Mahmood Dhahir Al-Mendalawi","doi":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-25-00191","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-25-00191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasound","volume":"34 2","pages":"262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodality Imaging Evaluation of Hepatic Epithelioid Angiomyolipoma.","authors":"Yi-Tzu Chen, Ying-Ju Kuo, Suk Yee Lau, Chui-Mei Tiu, Yi-Hong Chou","doi":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-25-00007","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-25-00007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma (HEAML) is a rare benign tumor in the liver. It is crucial to differentiate HEAML from hepatocellular carcinoma. We herein report the case of a 42-year-old female who was diagnosed with HEAML by multiple imaging studies. The histopathological examination also confirmed the diagnosis. Imaging studies include magnetic resonance imaging, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US). Typical image findings of HEAML by US include early drainage of hepatic veins, higher peak intensity, shorter time to peak on time-intensity curve, and a larger wash-in area under the curve after ultrasonic contrast injection. Early hepatic drainage vein(s) detected at CEUS are a crucial diagnosis of HEAML. DSA can also provide valuable vascular details. This case highlights the importance of recognizing the imaging features of HEAML to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary surgical interventions. We present various imaging techniques and their findings and emphasize the application of CEUS in the diagnosis of HEAML.</p>","PeriodicalId":45466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasound","volume":"34 2","pages":"226-231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Umbilical Artery Thrombosis in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Case-based Insight into Doppler Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Perinatal Outcomes.","authors":"Mochammad Besari Adi Pramono, Wiku Andonotopo, Muhammad Adrianes Bachnas, Wisnu Prabowo, Julian Dewantiningrum, Khanisyah Erza Gumilar, Muhammad Ilham Aldika Akbar, Ernawati Darmawan, I Nyoman Hariyasa Sanjaya, Anak Agung Gede Putra Wiradnyana, Dudy Aldiansyah, Aloysius Suryawan, Ridwan Abdullah Putra, Waskita Ekamaheswara Kasumba Andanaputra, Milan Stanojevic","doi":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-25-00142","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-25-00142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT) is a rare but important cause of fetal compromise. Once considered a postnatal diagnosis, improved Doppler ultrasonography now permits antenatal identification. A unified synthesis of diagnostic features, mechanisms, and outcomes is needed to support clinical decision-making. The objective of the study is to summarize prenatal diagnostic characteristics, underlying pathophysiology, and perinatal outcomes of UAT, complemented by an illustrative clinical case.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A PRISMA-guided search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science through September 2025 identified reports describing prenatal or perinatal UAT confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography or histopathology. Fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. Extracted data included gestational age at diagnosis, Doppler findings, associated factors, mechanistic context, and outcomes. Study quality was appraised using NOS, JBI, AMSTAR-2, and ROBIS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diagnosis occurred between 10 and 39 weeks, most often in the late second or third trimester. The hallmark prenatal finding was unilateral absent end-diastolic velocity with preserved flow in the contralateral artery. Additional indicators included color asymmetry, flow-trajectory disturbance, and wave-reflection changes. Mechanistic patterns reflected Virchow's triad, encompassing stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial injury, and structural or placental contributors. Perinatal outcomes were generally favorable when unilateral thrombosis was detected and monitored, whereas unrecognized or bilateral occlusion was associated with fetal growth restriction or intrauterine demise. An illustrative case confirmed the value of advanced Doppler trajectory mapping in enabling early diagnosis and timely delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Targeted Doppler interrogation allows reliable prenatal detection of UAT. Incorporating mechanistic Doppler markers and standardized reporting may enhance diagnostic accuracy and support informed delivery planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":45466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasound","volume":"34 2","pages":"155-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USMSIT/NMUSIT Fundamental Guide on Diagnostic and Interventional Wrist/Hand Ultrasonography.","authors":"Wei-Ting Wu, Ke-Vin Chang, Yuan-Yuan Tsai, Shao-Yu Chi, Kamal Mezian, Vincenzo Ricci, Mathieu Boudier-Revéret, Levent Özçakar","doi":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-25-00173","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-25-00173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wrist and hand disorders are among the common musculoskeletal complaints, with high-resolution ultrasonography now regarded as an indispensable tool for their evaluation and management. Building upon the EURO-MUSCULUS/USPRM framework and the educational principles of the Ultrasound Musculoskeletal Workshop in Taiwan and the Neuromuscular Ultrasound Workshop in Taiwan programs, this guideline provides a standardized, anatomy-based approach to diagnostic and interventional ultrasound (US) of the wrist and hand. The protocol outlines systematic scanning of the six extensor compartments, scapholunate ligament, triangular fibrocartilage complex, carpal tunnel, Guyon's canal, A1 pulley, and digital collateral ligaments. It also integrates patient positioning, transducer orientation, and dynamic maneuvers to optimize visualization. Tripartite visual documentation, comprising cadaveric dissections, schematic anatomical illustrations, and paired US images from both high-end and handheld devices, supports reproducible interpretation. Common pathologies - including De Quervain tenosynovitis, scapholunate ligament injuries, triangular fibrocartilage complex disorders, trigger finger and trigger thumb, and carpal tunnel syndrome - are characterized with their key sonographic features and functional correlates. Practical pearls for US-guided interventions are outlined for De Quervain tenosynovitis, scapholunate joint, A1 pulley, and carpal tunnel. Emphasizing the principle of \"diagnosis ahead of intervention\"; this guideline aims to enhance consistency, safety, and clinical effectiveness in the US-based assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of wrist and hand disorders. It provides an image-anatomy framework suitable for future integration into artificial intelligence-assisted systems as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":45466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasound","volume":"34 2","pages":"131-139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Ritodrine-associated Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Diagnosed by Point-of-care Ultrasound: A Case Report of Twin Gestation.","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/jmu.corrigendum_JMU-D-25-00047","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmu.corrigendum_JMU-D-25-00047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 397 in vol. 33, PMID: 41488172.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasound","volume":"34 2","pages":"271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USMSIT/NMUSIT Fundamental Guide on Diagnostic and Interventional Hip Ultrasonography.","authors":"Ting-Yu Lin, Ke-Vin Chang, Wei-Ting Wu, Yuan-Yuan Tsai, Shao-Yu Chi, Kamal Mezian, Vincenzo Ricci, Mathieu Boudier-Revéret, Levent Özçakar","doi":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-26-00004","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-26-00004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hip pain arises from a spectrum of intra-articular, periarticular, and neurogenic conditions. Ultrasound offers real-time, radiation-free visualization of the hip joint, adjacent soft tissues, and peripheral nerves - making it an essential tool in contemporary musculoskeletal evaluation. Guided by the EURO-MUSCULUS/USPRM framework, this guideline proposes a standardized, anatomy-based protocol for both diagnostic and interventional hip ultrasonography. Developed under the educational mission of the Ultrasound and Musculoskeletal/Neuromuscular Sonography Initiative in Taiwan - through its USMSIT and NMUSIT programs - the protocol combines structured instruction, live demonstrations, and supervised hands-on training to promote consistency and clinical relevance. The article outlines a comprehensive scanning strategy detailing key anatomical landmarks, recommended patient positioning, and optimal transducer orientation. Representative sonographic findings of common hip disorders - including joint effusion, gluteal tendinopathy, hamstring injuries, piriformis-related pathology, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment - are provided to support interpretation. Techniques for ultrasound-guided interventions, such as intra-articular, greater trochanteric, and piriformis injections, are also described. Standardizing image acquisition and interpretation may enhance diagnostic accuracy and support safer as well as more effective management of hip pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":45466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasound","volume":"34 2","pages":"140-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Severe Case of Hematemesis: Find the Differences.","authors":"Pedro Vilela Teixeira, João Carlos Silva, Érico Costa, Vasco Silva","doi":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-25-00100","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-25-00100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasound","volume":"34 2","pages":"265-267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Renal Cortical Stiffness in Diabetes Mellitus by Shear Wave Elastography Ultrasound.","authors":"Heba Ahmed Mostafa, Arwa Arafa Hussein Ali, Osama Lamay Nakhla","doi":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-25-00052","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmu.JMU-D-25-00052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Renal fibrosis worsens the prognosis of DKD. While biopsy is the gold standard for assessing fibrosis, noninvasive alternatives like elastography - which measures tissue stiffness - are promising. This study aimed to evaluate renal cortical stiffness in patients with diabetes using shear wave elastography (SWE) and assess its diagnostic value compared to conventional ultrasound.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study was conducted at Beni Suef University Hospital between October 2023 and April 2024, including 30 patients with diabetes and 30 age-and sex-matched healthy controls. Participants underwent clinical evaluation, laboratory tests (including hemoglobin A1C [HbA1c], serum creatinine, albumin/creatinine ratio), and renal ultrasound with SWE. SWE measurements were taken from both kidneys, and mean stiffness values were calculated. Statistical analysis included <i>t</i>-tests, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and correlation assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Conventional ultrasound parameters showed no significant differences between cases and controls. However, SWE values were significantly higher in patients with diabetes (mean SWE: 12.90 ± 1.23 kPa) compared to controls (9.71 ± 0.88 kPa, <i>P</i> < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed excellent diagnostic accuracy for mean SWE (area under the curve = 0.998), with 96.67% sensitivity and 100% specificity at a cut-off of 10.95 kPa. SWE values strongly correlated with diabetes duration, HbA1c, fasting glucose, creatinine, and albumin/creatinine ratio (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SWE is a highly sensitive, noninvasive tool for detecting early renal changes in patients with diabetes, with superior diagnostic performance to conventional ultrasound.</p>","PeriodicalId":45466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasound","volume":"34 3","pages":"357-364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}