IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science最新文献

{"title":"Fabrication Experience and Requirement Comparison of 316L(N)-IG Forging for ITER In-Vessel Components","authors":"Heejin Shim;Jaemin Kim;MunSeong Cheon","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2026.3711672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2026.3711672","url":null,"abstract":"Austenitic stainless-steel 316L(N)-IG is the designated structural material for ITER in-vessel components, particularly those classified as vacuum quality class (VQC) 1A. Based on in-service experience and research results from fusion programs, solution-annealed 316L steel has proven highly resistant to radiation damage. For ITER applications, minor modifications are required, especially with respect to cobalt (Co) and niobium (Nb) content, in order to comply with radiological safety limits and reweldability requirements. In fusion reactors, activated Co has a significant impact on occupational dose levels during maintenance and severe accident scenarios, while Nb generates long-lived radioisotopes that play a crucial role in decommissioning and waste management. All ITER VQC-1A components must be manufactured from 316L(N)-IG. Components thinner than 5 mm must be fabricated from cross-forged and/or upsetting material produced via electroslag remelting (ESR) or vacuum arc remelting (VAR). The forgings considered here are large units up to ten tons and 500-mm thick, which, after machining, include regions below 5-mm thickness and undergo cutting and welding operations. For such heavy forgings, the minimum forging ratio requirement [<inline-formula> <tex-math>$ge$ </tex-math></inline-formula>3.0, Règles de Conception et de Construction des Matériels Mécaniques des Réacteurs (RCC-MR) 2007, RM 3325] is insufficient to ensure defect-free material, and ultrasonic testing (UT) for defect detection becomes technically challenging. Accordingly, this article describes the complete fabrication process and requirements for 316L(N)-IG forgings applied to ITER VQC-1A components in accordance with RCC-MR 2007, with an emphasis on UT inspection methodology to verify forging quality. In addition, conservative standards for austenitic stainless steel, ASME Section V, article 23, SA-745 (ASTM A745), and EN 10228-4 are also reviewed and compared.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 10","pages":"5537-5544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on a Portable Plasma-Activated Water Device Using Magnetic Pulse Compression Pulsed Power and Needle-Water Drop-Plate Discharge Structure","authors":"Junsong Huang;Fan Sun;Zhiguo Zhao;Zixuan Wang;Yanping Wang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2026.3727252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2026.3727252","url":null,"abstract":"Portable plasma-activated water (PAW) disinfection devices hold broad application prospects; however, traditional apparatuses suffer from bulky size, limited voltage rise rates, and poor pulse discharge stability. To address these issues, this article designs a PAW generation device based on a tunable variable inductor and a magnetic pulse compression (MPC) circuit. By steepening the pulse leading edge, the device significantly increases the voltage rise rate and peak breakdown voltage, thereby enhancing gas ionization and the generation of reactive species. Simultaneously, the tunable variable inductor is utilized to control the pulse rise time, effectively improving discharge stability. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to circuits without MPC, the optimized power supply system not only elevates the breakdown voltage and voltage rise rate but also reduces the average load discharge power from 23.68 to 13.57 W. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of the generated PAW surges to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$158.5~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>S/cm, with a significant increase in the concentrations of core reactive species, including NO<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{3}^{-}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, NO<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{2}^{-}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and H₂O₂. In addition, by adjusting the inductance value, the load voltage distortion rate is drastically reduced from 85.23% to 4.33%, further enhancing discharge stability. Experiments confirm that this device facilitates highly efficient plasma-droplet interaction and rapid PAW generation.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 10","pages":"5181-5192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional Graphite-Graphene-Assisted Metal-Free THz Absorber for Shielding and Sensing Applications","authors":"Mohd Farman Ali","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2026.3728516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2026.3728516","url":null,"abstract":"An ultrathin, broadband, metal-free metasurface absorber for terahertz (THz) electromagnetic (EM) shielding and sensing applications is proposed and numerically investigated. The unit cell comprises a multilayer configuration with a top-patterned graphite resonator, two SiO₂ dielectric spacers, a graphene patch resonator, and a graphite-based reflector. Strong coupling between the graphite and graphene resonators enables the generation and merging of multiple in-phase resonances, resulting in near-unity absorption over a wide frequency range from 0.89 to 16.51 THz, corresponding to a fractional bandwidth of 179.5%. Among the highest reported for metal-free THz absorbers to the best of current knowledge. The structure exhibits an ultrathin profile with a thickness of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/8.47 (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the free-space wavelength). The electrically tunable conductivity of graphene introduces reconfigurable multinarrowband resonances in the lower THz region, enabling dynamic frequency tuning through variation of the chemical potential along with wideband absorption spectra. Moreover, the response is verified using a transmission line-based equivalent circuit model. Furthermore, the proposed metasurface achieves high shielding effectiveness of more than 60 dB, making it suitable for THz EM shielding in electronic packaging. In addition, the tunable narrowband absorption peaks provide 0.545 THz/chemical potential unit (CPU) sensitivity can be utilized for THz sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 10","pages":"5310-5318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Global Numerical Parameters on PIC-MCC Simulations of Postarc Sheath Dynamics in Vacuum Circuit Breakers","authors":"Xubin Li;Zhaoguo Wang;Wen Wang;Xiaoming Liu;Minfu Liao;Jiyan Zou","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2026.3728848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2026.3728848","url":null,"abstract":"The particle-in-cell with Monte Carlo collision (PIC-MCC) method has been widely used to investigate the plasma dynamics after arc extinction in vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs), while its accuracy and efficiency strongly depend on the selection of global numerical parameters. In this work, a systematic parametric study is performed using a simplified 2-D PIC-MCC model to evaluate the influence of key parameters, including the number of super-particles per cell, cell length, time step, dump period, and the number of cells in the radial direction. The results show that increasing the number of super-particles per cell suppresses statistical fluctuations, while the postarc current (PAC) and sheath results converge when the number reaches approximately 40–50 per cell. Simulations with a cell length of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5times 10^{-6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> m and a time step of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2times 10^{-12}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> s produce results nearly identical to those obtained with finer discretization, whereas larger values lead to noticeable deviations in sheath evolution. The dump period does not alter the underlying PIC-MCC solution but affects the temporal sampling and finite-difference resolution used in PAC extraction. Increasing the number of radial cells from 2 to 4 produces no systematic change in the PAC duration or sheath filling time but significantly increases computational cost. Based on these results, optimized parameter selections are recommended to achieve a balance between numerical accuracy and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 10","pages":"4927-4935"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Data-Driven Extended KdV--Burgers Framework for Nonlinear Plasma Wave Analysis","authors":"Swarniv Chandra;Soumya Mukherjee;Pooja Thakur;Partha Sona Maji;Chanchal Chaudhuri;Purna Chandra Barman","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2026.3710555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2026.3710555","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel framework that integrates NASA’s magnetospheric multiscale (MMS) mission data with advanced theoretical modeling to study nonlinear plasma wave dynamics in space environments. By developing an extended reductive perturbation technique (E-RPT), we derive a modified Korteweg–de Vries (KdV)–Burgers equation with forcing terms that captures higher order nonlinear, dispersive, and dissipative effects in magnetospheric plasmas. Three physically distinct configurations are examined: a complete model, an isothermal plasma approximation, and a practical approximation using second-order quantities. Empirical validation draws on MMS observations in which measured electric fields, magnetic fields, and plasma parameters are normalized and fed into our Solstorm-PY simulation framework. The analysis reproduces observed shock formations, with the system parameters sitting near critical bifurcation thresholds. Our investigation of the nonlinear dynamics encompasses phase-space analysis, stability characterization through eigenvalue distributions, bifurcation analysis across parameter spaces, and computation of Lyapunov exponents. The three configurations display markedly different dynamical regimes, ranging from weakly chaotic to strongly stable behavior. Identifying the critical stability transitions defines viable operating regimes for plasma control systems, laboratory experiments, and turbulence studies. This work establishes a paradigm for data-validated theoretical development in space plasma physics, bridging in situ spacecraft measurements and nonlinear dynamical systems analysis, with direct implications for space weather prediction and plasma control.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 10","pages":"5551-5568"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research and Analysis on the Topology of a Four-Stage Electromagnetic Launch Circuit With Energy Recovery Mechanism","authors":"Haijun Lai;Yongbiao Sun;Yanfei Hou;Limin Li;Chunyan Liang;Fuqiang Gong","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2026.3728156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2026.3728156","url":null,"abstract":"Multistage reluctance electromagnetic launchers (REMLs) suffer from relatively low energy utilization because a considerable portion of the residual magnetic energy stored in the launch coils is dissipated after each discharge. Although various residual-energy recovery approaches have been proposed, most existing topologies require additional active switching devices or complicated energy-transfer paths, resulting in increased circuit complexity, higher control requirements, and reduced engineering practicality. To address these limitations, this article proposes a four-stage REML incorporating an odd–even grouped interstage energy recovery topology. By employing coupled inductors, the residual magnetic energy released from each launch stage is directly transferred to the storage capacitors of subsequent stages without introducing additional active switching devices. The recovered energy increases the capacitor voltages before the next charging cycle, thereby shortening the charging time, improving energy utilization, and enhancing repetitive-launch capability while maintaining a simple and scalable circuit configuration. The proposed topology is investigated through MATLAB/Simulink circuit simulation, Maxwell–Simplorer electromagnetic–circuit cosimulation, and experimental validation using a four-stage prototype equipped with a photoelectric position-triggering system. To comprehensively evaluate the operating characteristics of the proposed topology, experiments are conducted under charging voltages ranging from 200 to 400 V with storage capacitances of 220 and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$330~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>F. The capacitor voltage, coil current, projectile velocity, and launch performance are systematically analyzed under different operating conditions. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed topology achieves stable and effective interstage energy recovery over the entire operating range. The maximum deviation between the simulated and measured projectile velocities is less than 5%. Compared with the conventional four-stage launcher, the proposed topology increases the projectile exit velocity and launch efficiency while reducing the capacitor charging time through residual magnetic energy reutilization. These results demonstrate that the proposed topology provides a simple, reliable, and effective solution for improving the energy utilization and repetitive-launch performance of multistage REMLs.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 10","pages":"5294-5309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Different Flashover Phenomena on Vacuum Interrupter Specimens","authors":"Karen Flügel;Kai Schulze;Dietmar Gentsch;Michael Kurrat","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2026.3717432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2026.3717432","url":null,"abstract":"As a consequence of sulfur hexafluoride’s global warming potential, the external insulation of vacuum interrupters (VIs) is an important area of research. The VI is an insulation system with a cylindrical structure, with vacuum as the internal and air as the external insulation medium. This article intends to discuss the question of how the flashover phenomena on a VI can be characterized. Continuing on previous works, VI specimens with variations in metal vapor condensation shields are simulated and tested with lightning impulse voltage (LIV) using the up-and-down method. External flashovers are tracked using a high-speed camera and a supplementary mirror arrangement. The flashover images show different discharge paths and collateral discharges. Based on these discharge paths, flashover patterns are created and classified into categories of different flashover phenomena. Based on the 50% breakdown voltage, the characteristic voltage curves at voltage collapse and the flashover pattern, various flashover phenomena are described and discussed.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 10","pages":"4808-4816"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stage-Resolved Spectral Research for Intermediate-Frequency Vacuum Arcs","authors":"Ziang Tong;Jianwen Wu;Shen Zhang;Shengsheng Shi;Dejie Wei","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2026.3660146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2026.3660146","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the plasma parameters of an intermediate-frequency (IF) vacuum arc, a staged spectroscopy experimental system for the IF vacuum arc is established. Stage-resolved spectra of 7 kA IF vacuum arcs at 360 and 800 Hz were obtained across the 180–1180-nm wavelength range under this experimental platform, with arc evolution divided into as three distinct stages: ignition, burning, and extinction. The Boltzmann plot method was employed to analyze the spectra across different frequencies and stages. This revealed the evolution of electron density and temperature throughout the stages, along with frequency-dependent effects on plasma parameters and the degree of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). By correlating arc morphological imagery with arc voltage/current waveforms, we analyzed the characteristic development patterns of IF vacuum arcs and evaluated the combined influence of these morphological features and LTE conditions on electron density.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 10","pages":"4690-4698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Issue on Presentations from the 2026 ZNETUS Workshop","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2026.3740252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2026.3740252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 10","pages":"5612-5612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11735311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Suppression Performance of Surface Charge Accumulation on Epoxy Spacer in DC GIS With Various Coatings","authors":"Di Lu;Yu Gao;Wenqu Wang;Huicun Zhao;Qifeng Shang;Pinhao Huang;Tao Han;Boxue Du","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2026.3724510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2026.3724510","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigated the charge suppression behaviors of various coatings in terms of the density and regularity of surface charge accumulation. Scaled-down basin-type spacers with asymmetric surfaces were selected as test samples. Coatings with high, nonlinear, and low conductivities (named <italic>HC</i>, <italic>NC</i>, and <italic>LC</i> coatings) were prepared and deposited on the spacers, which were then subjected to direct current (DC) voltages of −25 and +25 kV, and the charge accumulation characteristics were obtained after charging. Standard deviation (SD) and information entropy (IE) were introduced to quantify the regularity of the charge distribution. The results showed that more severe charge accumulation occurred on the concave surfaces, with the maximum increase reaching 84.11% compared with the convex surfaces. Homo-charges are dominant in the surface charge accumulation on both surfaces. The charge densities on the spacers with <italic>HC</i> and <italic>NC</i> coatings were lower than those with the <italic>LC</i> coating. Evaluated by SD and IE, a more regular charge distribution was found on the spacer with <italic>HC</i> coating when compared with the other spacers. It is suggested that <italic>HC</i> coating on the spacer is more effective in suppressing the charge accumulation in both the density and the regularity.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 10","pages":"5172-5180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}