IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science最新文献

{"title":"A Simplified Algorithm for Sliding Electrical Contact Surface Ablation Considering Phase Change and Magnetic Fluid Lubrication Factors","authors":"Guan Xiao-Cun;Yuan Lida;Guan Shao-Hua;Shi Duolin;Xiong Yongxing","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3524610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3524610","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a kind of armature ablation calculation method is presented considering mechanical (high-speed friction transformation, friction) and magnetohydrodynamic and so on. The main features of this approach simplify the armature material solid-build-gas phase transformation model, high-speed friction, and wear model and the contact surface magnetohydrodynamic film model. The new standard to the armature ablation is that not only the element material melting point temperature is reached but also has a minimum plastic strain; at this moment, this element is recognized as dissolution. Finally, the simulation results are compared with the experimental results; both are in good agreement, so as to verify the correctness of this algorithm.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 3","pages":"415-420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential Orthogonal Optimization Design Method of High-Speed Electromagnetic Induction Coilgun Based on Armature Updating","authors":"Yadong Zhang;Zhengyang Yuan;Xiong Lin;Senlin Dong","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3535150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3535150","url":null,"abstract":"The launch performance of an electromagnetic induction coilgun is influenced by the structural parameters of the coils and the armature, as well as the timing of the trigger parameter. These parameters are interdependent, making optimization design challenging. To address these issues, this article proposes a sequential orthogonal optimization design method for high-speed electromagnetic induction coilgun based on armature updating, which uses the trigger strategy of the sequential advance of position and determines optimization indices and their weight by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), including peak velocity, maximum launch efficiency, and waveform stability. By updating the armature sequentially, an orthogonal table for five structural parameters and one trigger parameter is optimized. By setting constraints on armature length, coil turns, and power supply voltage, the optimization design of a 10-stage high-speed induction electromagnetic coilgun is realized. The results show that after optimization, with constant total energy storage and the number of stages, the peak speed increased from 501.03 to 832.60 m/s, and the maximum launch efficiency improved from 13.24% to 25.56%.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 3","pages":"439-448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage on Sliding Electrical Contact Interface With Considering Velocity Skin Effect","authors":"Yingyao Zhang;Jiale Dai;Yuan Ma;Fanping Deng;Miaosong Gu","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3535627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3535627","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of sliding electrical contact, the current would cluster locally under the effect of velocity skin effect (VSE) and complex damage on the contact interface would occur under the coupling effect of Joule heat, frictional heat, and high-speed impact, which would seriously affect the safety and stability of sliding electrical contact systems. In this article, a modified smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPHs) method is introduced into the study of the damage to the sliding electrical contact interface while considering the VSE in the process of sliding electrical contact. First, the magnetic induction equation is introduced into the SPH method. Then, the distribution characteristics of multiple physical fields are simulated, and the effects of velocity while considering the VSE are analyzed. Furthermore, considering the nonuniform distribution of current caused by the VSE, the effects of the vertical velocity of the slider on the characteristics of gouge damage are studied. The results show that in the process of sliding electrical contact, the magnetic field and current would gather on the sliding electrical contact interface and thus lead to a concentrated temperature rise at the end of the slider. Additionally, the greater the velocity of the slider, the more obvious the VSE becomes. The results also show that the vertical velocity plays a vital role in the morphology of gouge crater. When the vertical velocity is relatively high, a new gouge crater may appear based on the original damage. The critical vertical velocity that would induce gouge damage is also discussed in this article.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 3","pages":"421-429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analytical and Mode Mapping Approach Using Machine Learning for Optimizing Hybrid Material-Based THz Antenna With Surface Plasmon Polaritons","authors":"Rajesh Yadav;Shailza Gotra;Vinay Shankar Pandey;Ajay Kumar Sharma;Preeti Verma","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3534289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3534289","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes two complementary Yagi-Uda antenna configurations based on hybrid metal-graphene materials with the exploration of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mechanism for enhanced performance at the THz regime. These antennas are compared with the estimated outcomes in terms of impedance matching, directivity, radiation pattern, and front-to-back ratio. The SPP mechanism plays a crucial role in optimizing the performance by influencing the dispersion properties and mode propagation. The antenna configurations provide −10-dB impedance bandwidths of 10.59% (2.87–3.19 THz) and 22.95% (2.7–3.4 THz). The maximum achieved gain and efficiency are 7.8 dBi and 84.43%, respectively. The performance of the antenna is validated using analytical optimization at the THz regime, incorporating plasma frequency and collision frequency effects. In addition, the equivalent circuit model is analyzed and explored using advanced system design (ADS) to compare the antenna performance with conventional approaches. Moreover, this work provides a significant analysis of modes pertaining to the radiating elements, which efficiently predict the far-field characteristics of the antenna. The existence of higher order modes TM24 and TM44 is analyzed. To address the existence of these modes, a machine learning (ML) technique based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) model is adopted for mode mapping, involving data cleaning, feature extraction, and normalization. Thus, the performance of the antenna is rigorously validated by employing both analytical and ML approaches, with the exploration of SPP mechanism in hybrid material-based nanoantennas at the THz regime.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 3","pages":"449-462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Output Influencing Factors in Coaxial Blumlein Rectangular Pulse Generator","authors":"Yuhao Chen;Yuchen Meng;Yanzhao Xie","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3532737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3532737","url":null,"abstract":"The Blumlein rectangular pulse generator is suitable for the calibration of nanosecond impulse measurement due to its fast response and high-voltage gain. However, pulse waveform distortion commonly occurs, creating challenges for accurate measurement calibration. This article focuses on the coaxial Blumlein generator and systematically studies the factors influencing its output. Parasitic parameters around the load and switch are examined by circuit simulation in PSPICE. Taking into account the inherent properties of the coaxial cables, a simulation model is also developed in CST. The voltage drop in the pulse is analyzed in detail, focusing on the influence of propagation velocity. Additionally, the effect of the wound structure of the coaxial cable is simulated and verified through measurement.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 3","pages":"398-404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Index IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Vol. 52","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3540183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3540183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 12","pages":"1-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10878384","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shock Waves of Electric Field—Part 1: Theoretical Studies of Vysikaylo’s Jumps and Plasma Nozzles in Plasma With Current","authors":"Philipp I. Vysikaylo","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3430988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3430988","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we prove that the cumulation (self-focusing) of charged particles in a plasma (with current) is a universal property of cumulative-dissipative structures with characteristic sizes from <inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{-15}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{27}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> m. In this work, we theoretically (Part 1) and experimentally (Part 2) prove that shock waves of electric fields are focusing shells for plasma cumulative-dissipative positively charged plasma 3-D structures. In Part 1 of this work, we provide detailed theoretical justifications for the possibility of the existence of (locally self-focusing by ambipolar drift) Vysikaylo’s electric field shock waves caused by ambipolar diffusion due to a violation of the electrical neutrality of the plasma (in the presence of an electric current). Due to the greater mobility of electrons (ions are more massive), a structure with a positive space charge is formed in the electric field shock waves that self-form in the plasma (with current). Unlike Mach’s shock waves, in closed Vysikaylo’s shock waves transverse electric fields are generated due to space charge. This makes the problem (in the shock wave region of the electric field) 3-D (in particular, spherically symmetric in this region). In Part 1, we will limit ourselves to the study of stationary 1-D profiles: 1) parameters in shock waves of the electric field and 2) processes of ambipolar drift, leading to local cumulation of positive charge in the shock wave of the electric field. In Part 1, the author will limit himself to obvious remarks arising from the properties of 3-D structures with a positive space charge. Based on laboratory 3-D experiments (Part 2) and theoretical studies of gas-discharge plasma, we prove that ambipolar drift caused by different dependences of the mobility of electrons and positive ions in a simple plasma (with one type of ions) determines the dynamic processes of cumulation of plasma structures—4-D plasmoids in plasma (with current). Four-dimensional plasma structures are nonstationary 3-D structures. The author draws attention to self-formation in plasma structures (plasmoids) of stationary Vysikaylo’s plasma nozzles—analogs of Laval’s nozzles. A comparison of theoretical 1-D and experimental 3-D observations of discharge glow (this corresponds to changes in the main parameters) in gas discharge tubes will be presented in Part 2. In these experiments, a homogeneous plasma in a gas discharge tube is locally disturbed by a beam of fast electrons. This leads to the self-formation: 1) of electric field shock waves (a layer of positive volume charge) stopped by gas pumping and 2) of transition 3-D profiles and Vysikaylo’s plasma 3-D nozzles already in a quasi-neutral homogeneous plasma.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 3","pages":"364-370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Numerical Simulation Method Based on Particle Reactions for Corona Audible Noise","authors":"Penghui Zhao;Haibin Yuan;Yingyi Liu;Haiwen Yuan;Yuxin Deng","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3532792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3532792","url":null,"abstract":"High-voltage direct current (HVdc) transmission technology plays a crucial role in modern electrical power industries. However, with the increasing voltage of transmission lines, audible noise has become a significant factor limiting the planning and construction. To research audible noise’s generation mechanisms and prediction method, this article models corona discharge on a rod-plate structure and calculates the generation and movement of particles based on 23 gas-phase reactions and eight surface reactions. We integrate the model with an acoustic source framework, which employs the electroacoustic conversion theory, solving the acoustic fluctuation equation to compute audible noise. The simulation results show a 7.5% discrepancy in the time-domain amplitude of audible noise compared to experimental measurements. The average and distribution of audible noise amplitudes from simulations and measurements at different voltages and electrode distances show a high consistency, demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed method. This approach contributes to understanding the mechanisms underlying audible noise and facilitates predictions through numerical calculations, providing a reference for designing HVdc transmission lines.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 3","pages":"371-381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconfigurable Multiband Co-Planar Nested Electromagnetically Induced Transparent Metamaterial Based on Dual Modulation","authors":"Jingjing Liang;Bin Li;Li Zhang;Shuhui Yang;Yuxuan Yuan;Rui Meng;Chenyin Yu;Kaili Huo;Yahui Hou;Zihao Fu","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3533550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3533550","url":null,"abstract":"A multiband co-planar nested electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) metamaterial based on dual modulation of vanadium dioxide (VO2) and graphene is proposed. The single-layer structure comprises a pair of metallic T-type resonators (TRSs), a pair of VO2-TRS with equal size, and a centrally positioned crossed graphene layer. These three layers of TRS with varying sizes undergo bight-bight coupling, enabling efficient modulation of the three-band EIT-like effect through the combination of VO2 and graphene. Moreover, three distinct modulation mechanisms in the hybrid EIT metamaterials are revealed: 1) the number of EIT windows decreases as the surface temperature falls in the VO2-TRS integration; 2) the centrosymmetry is broken during the I-shaped graphene integration process, allowing dynamic control of EIT switching and transmission strength under different polarization incidences; 3) redistribution of the surface electric field in the crossed graphene layer. The three EIT windows close one by one as the Fermi level increases with a maximum modulation depth (MD) of 89.4%. The designed structure achieves a maximum transmission coefficient of 0.95 and a maximum group delay of 27.6 ps in the terahertz (THz) band, indicating excellent transmission performance and slow-light characteristics. This work demonstrates the potential application of multiband THz slow-light devices and modulators.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"351-360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particle-in-Cell Simulations of Injection Locking for S-Band Oven Magnetron Using Ultralow Energy","authors":"Wenlong Li;Hailong Li;Yu Qin;Wanshan Hou;Haixia Liu;Shibin Xu;Yun Zhang;Xiangwei Tang;Liangjie Bi;Bin Wang;Yong Yin;Lin Meng","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3532985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3532985","url":null,"abstract":"A novel coaxial-line injection-locked magnetron structure for an S-band microwave oven has been proposed, and simulation analysis has been conducted. The magnetron is regarded as a highly efficient orthogonal-field oscillator, with an injection port directly opened on the wall of its resonant cavity. It is coupling a certain amount of power into the interaction space through a coaxial line. The injection power is set at 32 W. During the start-up phase of the magnetron, the electron flow undergoes pre-modulation due to the influence of the injected small signal. When the injection duration is 20 ns, the maximum locking range is 3 MHz. The magnetron’s output signal is successfully locked by the external injection signal. The new structure combined with the short-time injection method achieves an ultralow energy injection-locking effect. Compared with the 10-ms pulse time of the traditional magnetron, the locking energy of this method is only 0.02. When the injection power is set to 200 W, the locking range extends to 8 MHz. In the locked state, changing the initial phase of the injected signal does not affect the phase difference between the output signal and the injected signal. The phase difference remains almost unchanged at the same frequency. This provides the possibility of controlling the frequency and phase of multiple magnetron arrays through single-channel injection in the future. This injection method can meet the array application requirements of magnetrons for ovens.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"245-251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}