IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science最新文献

{"title":"Neutron Yield Optimization From a Palm Top Plasma Focus Device Using Lee Code","authors":"M. I. Nayeem;S. Biswas;M. K. Islam;M. Akel;S. Lee;M. A. Malek","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3525982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3525982","url":null,"abstract":"A palm top plasma focus (PF) device (100 J, 5 kV, 59 kA, ~1.5 kg) with tapered anode was demonstrated in a study earlier by (Rout et al., 2013). To simulate that device, we use the Lee code (RADPFV5.16). The computed current trace is fit to Rout’s measured current trace at 2.25 Torr deuterium (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${D} _{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) gas. The best-fit values of the model parameters are found as <inline-formula> <tex-math>${f}_{m} = 0.11, f_{c} = 0.73, f_{text {mr}} = 0.245, f_{text {cr}} = 0.78$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Having fixed these parameters, the computed neutron yields (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${Y} _{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula> <tex-math>$6.12times 10^{4}, 1.72times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.24times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> neutrons/shot are found to be comparable with the measured values (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$5.2~pm ~0.8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2~pm ~0.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.2~pm ~0.1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at (2.25 Torr, 5 kV), (1.875 Torr, 4 kV), and (1.5 Torr, 3 kV), respectively. The remarkable agreement shows the reliability of the code. Numerical studies are extended with anode length and taper size optimization, corresponding to the pressure range (2–3.5) Torr of <inline-formula> <tex-math>${D} _{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The optimum <inline-formula> <tex-math>${Y} _{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.56times 10^{5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is found at 2.55 Torr which is three times greater than the highest measured value [(<inline-formula> <tex-math>$5.2~pm ~0.8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>] at 2.25 Torr, 5 kV. At this optimized configuration, using deuterium-tritium (1:1) as the operating gas, the neutron yield is computed to increase to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{7}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, about 100 times greater than the computed yield with <inline-formula> <tex-math>${D} _{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. In addition, we found that reducing the stray inductance <inline-formula> <tex-math>${L} _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the device from its present value of 30 to 16 nH, the D-D neutron yield is increased from computed value of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.56times 10^{5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.58times 10^{5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"293-300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blank Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3530041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3530041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 12","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10856692","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanosecond Microwave Pulse Amplification Based on a High-Power Gyrotron Traveling Wave Tube","authors":"Ruoyang Pan;Zhiyuan Zhang;Guo Liu;Weijie Wang;Yingjian Cao;Yu Wang;Yelei Yao;Wei Jiang;Zewei Wu;Youlei Pu;Jianxun Wang;Yong Luo","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3530471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3530471","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the amplification of nanosecond pulses using a Ku-band TE11 gyrotron traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT). The output performance is analyzed through simulation and experiment at 15.0–17.0 GHz with different pulse widths. Simulated results show that the maximum saturation power for a single-frequency pulse can reach 292.7 kW with a pulsewidth of 2.0 ns. As the input pulsewidth further shortens, the output power of the gyro-TWT decreases. The shortest pulsewidth to achieve a hundred-kilowatt level output power is 1.1 ns. In the hot test, the maximum power is 201.4 kW at 15.5 GHz with a single-frequency pulsewidth of 4.7 ns. For an up-chirped pulse from 15.0–16.0 GHz, the output power of ~100 kW with a minimum output pulsewidth is 3.8 ns.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"239-244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Effects of Low-Pressure Glow Discharge and Its Heat Transfer Through the Discharge Tube","authors":"Xintong Liu;Yangyang Fu;Guolin Yang;Zhijin Zhang;Qin Hu;Jianlin Hu;Zhihang Zhao;Liyang Zhang;Zhigang Liu;Xinxin Wang;Xingliang Jiang;Yutai Li","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3532112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3532112","url":null,"abstract":"The light emitted by gas discharge plasma is often used as a light source for precision optical instruments. The measurement precision and accuracy of these precision instruments are greatly affected by the ambient temperature. In fact, although low-pressure glow gas discharge plasma is often referred to as “low-temperature plasma,” it may also have thermal effects under prolonged operation. There is a lack of research on the thermal effects of low-pressure glow discharges and the process of its heat transfer through the discharge tube. In this article, a 2-D axisymmetric fluid model is established, coupling multiphysics fields such as discharge plasma, laminar flow, and heat transfer. The thermal effect and heat transfer of He/Ne gas mixture glow discharge at low pressure are investigated. Studies show that, after the discharge has lasted for a certain period of time, the temperature in the gas discharge region is significantly elevated and can reach tens or hundreds of kelvins. The temperature of the glass tube may also increase by more than 20 K under certain discharge parameters. The current-limiting resistance, the gas pressure, and the He/Ne gas ratio have a large influence on the thermal effect of the gas discharge. Therefore, the thermal effect of gas discharge applied as a light source in precision optical instruments cannot be ignored and needs to be regulated and designed for specific situations. This article contributes to a deeper physical understanding of the thermal effects of low-pressure glow discharges and provides guidance for their optical application.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"40-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Influence of Pressure on Ion Extraction Characteristics","authors":"Ao Xu;Xiang Wan;Pingping Gan;Yuanjie Shi","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3530562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3530562","url":null,"abstract":"Many ion sources need to work in the order of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–1-Pa pressure, so the influence of these pressures on ion extraction characteristics has been attracted attention. In this article, based on 2-D space and 3-D velocity (2D3V) particle-in-cell-coupled Monte Carlo collision (PIC-MCC) method, a simplified simulation model of argon ion extraction process under an extraction voltage of −10 kV is established. The influence of argon pressure on the density and velocity of electrons and ions is obtained. Then, the reason why the extracted ion current decreases obviously when the argon pressure increases to 1 Pa is explained. That is, the probability of elastic collision and charge exchange between argon ions and argon atoms increases obviously, which leads to the deceleration and divergence of argon ion beam. This provides support for further understanding of ion extraction characteristics and influencing factors.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"252-258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal and Spatiotemporal Evolution Distribution Characteristics of Friction and Wear of Electromagnetic Launcher","authors":"Feng Liu;Yuntian Han;Xiang Gao;Tonggang Lu;Huihui Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3530532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3530532","url":null,"abstract":"During the launching of electromagnetic railguns, the friction and wear of the armature and rails under the extreme force-electromagnetic–temperature coupling cannot be avoided, which has become a serious obstacle restricting the service life and launching accuracy of electromagnetic railguns. To explore the time and space distribution characteristics of rail friction and wear, an electromagnetic launcher model considering the interference fit of the armature-rail is established, and the wear calculation considering the effect of material temperature is carried out on the basis of the electromagnetic field analysis. The calculation of friction heat considers the contact pressure generated by the combined action of the interference fit and the Lorentz force. The results show that the wear volume of the steel-copper armature rail is significantly lower than that of the copper-aluminum armature rail, and there is no significant difference in the spatial distribution. After the pulse current is transformed into a trapezoidal current waveform, the wear volume of the armature rail can not only be reduced but also the acceleration efficiency of the armature can be significantly improved.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"334-342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A High-Voltage and High-Current Miniaturized Surface Flashover Triggered Vacuum Switch","authors":"Ming Zhang;Minfu Liao;Gang Lu;Liang Bu;Longfei Yu;Yifan Sun;Xiongying Duan","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3526891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3526891","url":null,"abstract":"To satisfy the small size requirement of high-power closing switch for compact pulsed power system, a miniaturized surface flashover triggered vacuum switch (STVS) with high withstand voltage and high-current is designed in this article. Through optimizing the switch structure, the maximum withstand voltage of the switch is exceeding 35 kV and the maximum conduction current capacity is more than 40 kA under the dimensional parameters of a total height of 39.5 mm and a diameter of 39.5 mm. The experimental test circuit is built, and the conduction delay time characteristics and impedance parameters of the miniaturized STVS are measured under different operating conditions. The experimental results show that the conduction delay time of the miniaturized STVS is significantly reduced with the increase of the trigger current and the operating voltage. The increase in conduction current leads to a decrease in the impedance of the vacuum arc channel, which reduces the resistance and inductance of the miniaturized STVS. The change in trigger current has no effect on the miniaturized STVS impedance parameters. At the operating conditions of 9 A trigger current, 15 kV operating voltage, and 40 kA conduction current, the conduction delay time of the miniaturized STVS is 1048.8 ns, the jitter is 139.7 ns, the resistance at the peak current moment is 51.2 m<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and the inductance at the current passing zero moment is 151.9 nH. Moreover, the operating characteristics of the miniaturized STVS have not deteriorated significantly after 200 consecutive operations under this operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"284-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-Signal 1-D Model of Multistage Serpentine Waveguide Traveling Wave Tubes With Severs","authors":"Kasra Rouhi;Robert Marosi;Tarek Mealy;Alexander Figotin;Filippo Capolino","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3520622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3520622","url":null,"abstract":"We present a model for calculating the small-signal gain of a multistage serpentine waveguide traveling wave tube (TWT) with one or more severs. To mitigate the occurrence of self-oscillations, the TWT stages are separated by a sever to stop RF wave propagation while the modulated electron beam (e-beam) is free to pass and is modeled by the electrons’ motion equations. Our small-signal model is an advancement of the Pierce model, assuming 1-D electron flow along a slow wave structure (SWS), accounting for SWS dispersion, the space-charge effect, and a frequency-dependent coupling strength coefficient relating the characteristic impedance to the interaction impedance. We compute the theoretical gain versus frequency for the multistage TWT and compare our results with particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The good agreement demonstrates the accuracy of our analytical model for the multistage serpentine waveguide TWT with one or more severs. Here, we focus on showing the performance of our model as an effective tool for designers rather than proposing an optimal design strategy.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"230-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of Close Electric Fields From Fast M-Component Considering a Wire-Exploded Luminous Channel in Rocket-Triggered Lightning","authors":"Quanxin Li;Guohua Yang;Chijie Zhuang;Jinliang He","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3523862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3523862","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents the close electric fields radiated by fast M-components associated with two scenarios in lightning: an elevated tall object and a wire-exploded luminous channel. The assumptions are assumed that when the downward incident wave meets the wire-exploded luminous channel, one round reflection (downward and upward) among the channel is assumed, and then, it propagates upward directly to cloud. The current expressions and current distribution for both scenarios are presented. The influences of the wire-exploded luminous channel on M-component electric fields at close distance are on the positive excursion at late-time response, while the initial negative peak is notably affected associated with the scenario of a tall tower. The influences of wave speed, reflection rounds, different close distances, and heights of the struck tower or the wire-exploded luminous channel are discussed in relation to the tall tower or the wire-exploded luminous channel. This study is meaningful to understand the lightning M-component mechanisms, specifically, by means of the measurement and reproduction of M-component electric fields at close distance.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"317-324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Electromagnetic Behavior of MACOR for View Dump Application","authors":"Prabhakar Tripathi;Varsha Siju;Abhishek Sinha;Surya Kumar Pathak","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3524488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3524488","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the impact of various view dump geometries on their electromagnetic (EM) behavior within the microwave-millimeter range, particularly at frequencies between 60 and 180 GHz. Since the view dump is to be placed inside the tokamak machine, it is expected that the material that is used for its fabrication should have certain required properties, such as low reflection in the desired range of frequencies, sustained at high temperature and high vacuum conditions, low outgassing rate, and low thermal expansion rate. The MACOR material meets all these desired mechanical requirements. For EM absorption capabilities in the desired frequency range, the slab geometry made of MACOR material was first analyzed using CST Microwave Studio. Further, to enhance the EM absorption capabilities of the slab geometry, the slab geometry was modified into various other geometries such as triangular groove, pyramid, inverted pyramid, cone, and inverted cone. In addition, an extensive simulation study was also performed to identify the structural parameters associated with these different geometries, which have the utmost impact on the EM behavior. Experimental investigations for the simulated geometries were obtained by fabricating a prototype of MACOR. The experimental and simulated results for the slab, pyramid, and inverted cone geometries are in good agreement.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"325-333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}