{"title":"An update on human visual prosthesis: The Claes H. Dohlman lecture 2025.","authors":"J Fernando Arevalo, Kailyn Amanda Ramirez","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00041","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This abstract serves to report on the available evidence on the different retinal and visual prostheses for patients with retinitis pigmentosa and other vision-threatening disorders with additional discussion on the ethical implications of such devices. The PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ClinicalTrials databases were the main resources used for the literature search. An extensive search was performed to identify relevant literature and clinical trials regarding the advances and status of retinal prostheses up to January 2025. Eight devices were found to be current and were ordered by stimulation location. Five have active clinical trials. There are 7 main ethical considerations identified in the literature. Future directions will be presented in the review. This manuscript provides an update on human visual prosthetics, both current and discontinued. While some devices have achieved visual perception in animals and/or humans, there are still challenges to address in the field. Future efforts are headed toward more biocompatible, safe, ethical, and efficacious devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 3","pages":"417-423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generative artificial intelligence in ophthalmology research writing: A comprehensive review of applications, detection tools, and ethical considerations.","authors":"Pin-Jung Cheng, Fang-Yu Hu, Le-Yu Chen, Jen-Yu Liu, Jo-Hsuan Wu, Wei-Li Chen","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00072","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rise of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has profoundly influenced medical research and academic writing, particularly in ophthalmology. Despite its growing relevance, there is a noticeable gap in the literature regarding its application in medical writing, including practical uses and associated limitations. This review seeks to fill in this gap by first systematically reviewing the current literature on GenAI in medical paper writing. It identifies and discusses nine key applications and considerations, including idea generation, literature review, institutional review board preparation, data collection, data analysis, image generation, manuscript drafting, writing refinement, and peer review. In the second part, we explore publicly available AI tools that currently assist with medical manuscript writing. We also introduce several generative AI detection tools and discuss their accuracy and reliability. Finally, the review addresses the limitations and ethical challenges associated with the use of GenAI in medical paper writing. While GenAI has streamlined many aspects of medical paper writing, and an increasing number of AI tools have been developed for research, significant model limitations and ethical concerns persist, necessitating careful human oversight and clear guidelines. By providing a comprehensive yet focused overview, this article offers valuable insights into the effective use of GenAI in medical paper writing while acknowledging its limitations and risks. It aims to support researchers in producing high-quality, AI-enhanced publications in the field of ophthalmology.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":"68-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiyoung Emily Lee, Dong-Kyu Kim, Young Chae Yoon, Woong-Joo Whang, Ho Sik Hwang, Hyun-Seung Kim, Dae Yu Kim, Kyung Sun Na
{"title":"Conjunctival microvascular alterations in dry eye disease: A comparative study of Sjögren's and non-Sjögren's subtypes.","authors":"Jiyoung Emily Lee, Dong-Kyu Kim, Young Chae Yoon, Woong-Joo Whang, Ho Sik Hwang, Hyun-Seung Kim, Dae Yu Kim, Kyung Sun Na","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00108","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Conjunctival microvasculature is associated with ocular and systemic diseases. Previous studies have reported increased blood flow velocity (BFV), blood flow rate (BFR), vessel density, and diameter in dry eye disease (DED). This study aimed to compare bulbar conjunctival microvascular morphology and hemodynamics between patients with DED with and without Sjögren's dry eye (SSDE and NSDE) who had comparable symptoms, and to assess their correlations with Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) parameters.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this prospective study, conjunctival imaging for the left eyes of patients with DED was performed using a previously developed optical system incorporating Attention-UNet-based vessel segmentation and a validated two-step motion-correction pipeline. Tear film lipid layer thickness measurement and meibography were performed using the LipiView® II Ocular Surface Inferometer. Microvascular parameters, including BFV, BFR, and diameter, were quantified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean microvessel diameter for the SSDE group (12.985 ± 2.478 μm) was significantly higher than that for NSDE (9.431 ± 3.982 μm) (<i>P</i> < 0.050). In the NSDE group, diameter correlated positively with BFR (<i>P</i> < 0.050), and BFR correlated with both upper and lower meiboscores (<i>P</i> < 0.050).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings reveal distinct conjunctival microvascular signatures in patients with SSDE, and support vessel diameter as a discriminator. The association between hemodynamic changes and MGD parameters in the NSDE group underscores the interplay between MGD and conjunctival microcirculation in NSDE. The differences in microvasculature identified in this study may serve as valuable biomarkers for DED subtype classification and the development of personalized treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 4","pages":"589-597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regenerative therapies using pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids.","authors":"Michiko Mandai","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00049","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photoreceptor degeneration leads to irreversible vision loss in numerous inherited retinal diseases. While gene therapy addresses specific mutations, cell replacement strategies offer a potentially broader solution applicable across multiple genetic causes. This review traces the evolution of retinal transplantation approaches, from early fetal tissue transplants to modern pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids. The development of three-dimensional retinal organoids marked a significant advancement, providing transplantable tissue that maintains cellular architecture and relationships. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that transplanted organoids can develop mature photoreceptors with outer segments, form synaptic connections with host bipolar cells, restore light responsiveness in host retinal ganglion cells, and enable light-responsive behaviors in animal models. The first human clinical application using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids has demonstrated safety and stable graft survival over 2 years, with potential functional improvement in one patient at around 1 year after transplantation. Recent innovations include genome-edited retinal organoids with reduced competing bipolar cells, which enhance functional integration by increasing host-graft connectivity. While significant challenges remain, including increasing transplantation area, improving surgical techniques, optimizing patient selection, and addressing manufacturing and regulatory considerations, continued progress in this field may offer hope for some visual improvement in currently untreatable retinal degenerative conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 3","pages":"424-434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kai-Xiong Cheong, Weizhong Lan, Quan V Hoang, Seang-Mei Saw
{"title":"The prevalence, progression, and visual loss associated with myopic macular degeneration in Asia.","authors":"Kai-Xiong Cheong, Weizhong Lan, Quan V Hoang, Seang-Mei Saw","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00095","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review examines the epidemiology, natural history, and visual outcomes of myopic macular degeneration (MMD) in Asia. MMD is irreversible, may affect both eyes, and may occur during a person's productive years, making it a significant public health concern. Population-based studies report a wide variation in MMD prevalence, ranging from 0.24% in rural India to 4.5% in mainland China. MMD is etiologically heterogeneous, with its prevalence associated with a more negative spherical equivalent (SE), longer axial length (AL), older age, and a lower education level. The development of MMD is likely nonlinear, with the prevalence of MMD increasing markedly once specific thresholds in age (60-70 years), SE (-6 to - 7 diopters), and AL (about 26 mm) are exceeded. The 5-year, 6-year, and 12-year incidence of MMD is up to 1.1%, 1.2%, and 10.3% respectively. The 10-year progression rate of MMD may reach 35.5%, often involving the development or worsening of chorioretinal atrophy. MMD is associated with significant visual impairment (VI) and blindness, with a decrease in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranging from one to 13 lines. Among individuals with MMD, up to 54.5% experience VI, and up to 14.9% develop blindness in the better eye. Up to 36.4%, 21.6%, 12.3%, and 4.5% of individuals with MMD have unilateral VI, bilateral VI, unilateral blindness, and bilateral blindness, respectively. BCVA loss increases with MMD severity. These findings underscore the urgent need for public health strategies to address the growing burden of MMD in Asia's aging and increasingly myopic populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 2","pages":"272-284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13431223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Choroidal vascularity index changes in proliferative and nonproliferative macular telangiectasia type 2.","authors":"Zeynep Eylul Ercan, Gulsah Gokgoz, İmren Akkoyun, Gursel Yilmaz","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00092","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in patients with nonproliferative and proliferative macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel-2) compared to healthy controls, assess the impact of ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption on CVI, and determine whether CVI measurements vary with different binarization areas.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>CVIs from MacTel-2 eyes were compared to those of healthy controls. MacTel-2 eyes were categorized as proliferative or nonproliferative and further subdivided by the presence or absence of EZ disruption. CVI was measured in three regions: 1500 µm, 4000 µm, and the total macular choroidal area (TCA). Statistical analyses included paired samples <i>t</i>-tests, independent samples <i>t</i>-tests, and Mann-Whitney <i>U</i>-tests. <i>P</i> < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 90 eyes each from MacTel-2 patients and healthy controls. CVIs did not significantly differ between eyes with and without EZ disruption in either MacTel-2 group (<i>P</i> > 0.05). CVIs beneath EZ-disrupted areas were also comparable to intact zones (<i>P</i> > 0.05). No significant CVI difference was observed between nonproliferative and proliferative MacTel-2 eyes (<i>P</i> > 0.1). However, both the groups had significantly lower CVIs than healthy controls across all measured areas (<i>P</i> < 0.001 for nonproliferative and <i>P</i> < 0.05 for proliferative). CVI values were consistent across all binarization areas (<i>P</i> > 0.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EZ disruption does not affect CVI. CVIs were similar in nonproliferative and proliferative MacTel-2, both lower than in healthy eyes. CVI also remained consistent across different binarization areas, confirming its reliability regardless of area size.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 3","pages":"472-479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khushi Saigal, Shawn Khan, Jillene Moxam, Arash Maleki
{"title":"Subcutaneous golimumab in the treatment of Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated anterior uveitis after failing other tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors.","authors":"Khushi Saigal, Shawn Khan, Jillene Moxam, Arash Maleki","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00025","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous (SQ) golimumab (GLM) in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated anterior uveitis who failed prior tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective case series included 16 eyes from 8 patients with JIA associated anterior uveitis who had previously failed at least one TNF-α inhibitor. Data collected included demographics, previous treatments, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and uveitis severity. Assessments were made at baseline, and at 3, 6, and 12 months following SQ GLM initiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight patients (87.5% female, all white) with an average age of 18.6 years were included. Uveitis was bilateral and chronic in all cases. Five patients (62.5%) achieved remission after SQ GLM. The average logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution improved significantly from 0.11 at baseline before starting treatment to 0.03 at 12 months after starting treatment (<i>P</i> = 0.006). No cystoid macular edema developed during the follow-up. SQ GLM was discontinued in three patients due to ineffectiveness and/or other reasons. No significant correlations were found between response to SQ GLM and clinical variables. No adverse effects were observed during the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SQ GLM shows promise in treating JIA associated anterior uveitis, especially in cases without severe complications. Significant improvement in BCVA and inflammation control suggests its potential as a treatment option, although further studies with larger populations are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 2","pages":"325-331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13431202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Posterior capsular rent - Prevention, recognition, and management - A review.","authors":"Mohan Rajan, Arthi Mohankumar, Madhuvanthi Mohan, Sujatha Mohan","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00059","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We prefer using posterior capsular rent is a significant intraoperative complication of cataract surgery, often leading to vision-threatening sequelae if not promptly recognized and appropriately managed. PCR can result from various factors, weak zonules, posterior polar cataracts, including improper phacoemulsification techniques, and excessive instrument manipulation. Early recognition is critical, and swept-source optical coherence tomography and intraoperative assessments can enhance early detection. Prevention strategies focus on meticulous surgical planning, careful hydrodissection, judicious use of phaco power, and maintaining anterior chamber (AC) stability. Techniques such as slow-motion phacoemulsification, femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS), and capsule-stabilizing devices can reduce the risk of PCR in high-risk cases. Once a rupture occurs, prompt and careful management is essential to prevent further complications such as vitreous loss, retained lens fragments, or intraocular lens (IOL) malposition. Anterior vitrectomy using bimanual or coaxial techniques is crucial for clearing vitreous from the AC and preventing traction on the retina. The choice of IOL implantation depends on the extent of PCR, with options including sulcus-fixated, iris-fixated, scleral-fixated, or ACIOLs when capsular support is inadequate. Postoperative management includes monitoring for cystoid macular edema, retinal detachment, and endophthalmitis, which are more common following PCR. This review underscores the importance of surgical vigilance, adherence to best practices, and an individualized approach to optimizing the visual outcomes following this challenging complication.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 4","pages":"549-558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography characteristics of microvascular retinal alterations and the relationship with visual impairment in different patterns of retinitis pigmentosa.","authors":"Hsu-Hang Yeh, Chia-Yi Cheng, Ting-Chieh Ko, Chang-Hao Yang, Chung-May Yang, Pei-Lung Chen, Chao-Wen Lin, Teck Boon Tew, Ta-Ching Chen","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00088","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of the study was to evaluate macular microvascular alterations using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in typical retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients with and without isolated macular lesions, and to assess their relationship with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 77 patients with typical RP from the Taiwan Inherited Retinal Degeneration Project, categorized into two groups: with isolated macular lesions (T+M, <i>n</i> = 44) and without (T, <i>n</i> = 33). Eighteen age-matched healthy individuals served as controls. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and OCTA imaging. Quantitative parameters-vessel density in superficial and deep retinal plexuses, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, and outer retinal flow-were analyzed and correlated with BCVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both RP groups showed compromised macular microcirculation compared to controls. FAZ area was significantly larger in the T+M group than in controls (<i>P</i> = 0.01) and showed a trend toward enlargement compared to the T group (<i>P</i> = 0.06). BCVA was significantly worse in the T+M group than in the T group and controls (<i>P</i> = 0.002). In the T+M group, decreased vessel density in the deep plexus, enlarged FAZ, and reduced outer retinal flow were significantly correlated with poorer vision; these correlations were not observed in the T group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Macular microvascular impairment is a common feature in typical RP, but its association with central visual loss is particularly pronounced in those with isolated macular lesions. OCTA parameters may serve as useful biomarkers for clinical monitoring and prognosis in this subgroup.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"450-456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12456924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in optical coherence tomography: Celebrating its transformative impact on eye care.","authors":"Yali Jia","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00118","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"331-332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12456903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}