{"title":"Corrigendum: Metabolic rescue of cone photoreceptors in retinitis pigmentosa.","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/2211-5056.370662","DOIUrl":"10.4103/2211-5056.370662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 331 in vol. 11, PMID: 35070660.].</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 4","pages":"671-672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Restoring the mucin barrier: Advances in secretagogue therapies for ocular surface disorders.","authors":"Ya-Ning Chuang, Hsiu-Hui Hsieh, Li-Hsin Wang, Kai-Feng Hung, Wei-Cherng Hsu, Yi-Chen Sun","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00105","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucins are essential components of the ocular surface, ensuring epithelial protection, tear film stability, and immune regulation. Mucin deficiency contributes to a spectrum of ocular surface disorders, including dry eye disease, allergic conjunctivitis, and cicatricial conditions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and ocular graft-versus-host disease. This review outlines current knowledge of mucin biology, regulatory mechanisms, and emerging therapeutic applications of mucin secretagogues in ocular surface disorders. Signaling cascades involving EGFR activation, MAPK phosphorylation, cholinergic and adrenergic stimulation, and cytokine-mediated modulation (e.g., interleukin-13, tumor necrosis factor-α) govern mucin transcription and goblet cell function. Clinically approved secretagogues such as diquafosol and rebamipide improve mucin expression and epithelial healing, while biologics, gene therapies, and nutraceutical compounds are actively being explored. Advancing these therapies may enable more targeted and durable restoration of ocular surface integrity across a range of mucin-deficient diseases. We searched for related research on PubMed using the terms \"Mucin\" and \"Mucin secretagogues,\" along with keywords such as \"dry eye,\" \"goblet cell,\" and \"ocular surface disorder.\" Articles related to mucin secretagogues published within the last 10 years were reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 4","pages":"535-544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapeutic outcomes of oral cefcapene in meibomitis-related keratoconjunctivitis: A Propensity-matched cohort study.","authors":"Ella Seo Yeon Park, Hyunmin Ahn, Kyoung Yul Seo","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00106","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and therapeutic response in patients with meibomitis-related keratoconjunctivitis (MRKC) who were treated with oral cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride hydrate, and to determine factors associated with favorable outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 62 patients with MRKC, including 31 patients who received a 14-day course of oral cefcapene (100 mg three times daily) in combination with standard warm compression and lid hygiene. These patients were 1:1 propensity score-matched with 31 controls who underwent warm compression and lid hygiene, based on age, sex, meibomian gland expressibility, and meibum quality. Baseline characteristics and posttreatment outcomes - including corneal staining score (CSS) and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) - were compared between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One month after treatment, mean CSS was significantly lower in the cefcapene group (0.55 ± 0.65) compared with controls (0.86 ± 0.44, <i>P</i> = 0.032*). The cefcapene group also showed higher rates of complete corneal staining resolution (CSS = 0) and greater OSDI improvement, although these outcomes did not reach statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adjunctive use of short-term oral cefcapene therapy alongside standard eyelid hygiene measures resulted in a significant reduction in CSSs in patients with MRKC. However, this reduction was not accompanied by a statistically significant improvement in subjective symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 4","pages":"611-617"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrating secretagogues into clinical dry eye care: Insights from Asian clinical experience.","authors":"Shizuka Koh","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00110","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dry eye is a multifactorial condition characterized by tear film instability, leading to visual disturbances and discomfort. In Asia, clinical management often follows a tear film-oriented approach that emphasizes restoring specific tear components, particularly through the use of secretagogues such as diquafosol and rebamipide. These agents promote aqueous and/or mucin secretion and have been widely adopted in Japan and other Asian countries as frontline therapies for various tear film deficiencies. This review outlines the clinical rationale for secretagogue use and summarizes real-world applications across different settings, including general outpatient care, perioperative management for cataract surgery, and contact lens-related ocular surface disorders. Tear Film-Oriented Diagnosis - a framework for classifying dry eye subtypes based on tear breakup patterns and identifying deficiencies in aqueous, lipid, or mucin components - is presented as a practical guide for treatment selection. Evidence from clinical trials and long-term observational studies supports the safety and efficacy of diquafosol and rebamipide in improving tear stability, reducing epithelial damage, and enhancing patient satisfaction. By highlighting regional practice patterns and accumulated clinical experience, this article offers perspectives on effectively integrating secretagogues into dry eye management. These insights may contribute to a broader understanding of individualized, mechanism-based treatment strategies beyond inflammation suppression.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 4","pages":"526-534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Targeted therapies for meibomian gland dysfunction - The role of antibiotics in meibomian gland dysfunction management.","authors":"Reiko Arita","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00109","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a leading cause of evaporative dry eye, significantly impairing the quality of life. Bacterial proliferation and inflammation play central roles in the pathogenesis of MGD, creating a vicious cycle of gland obstruction and ocular surface instability. Antibiotics, particularly tetracyclines (e.g. doxycycline and minocycline), and macrolides (e.g. azithromycin and erythromycin), are widely used as adjunctive therapy for moderate-to-severe or refractory MGD. This review conducted a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, focusing on original peer-reviewed articles published in English that reported on the efficacy and/or safety of oral or topical antibiotics for MGD or blepharitis. Eligible studies were identified using the specific search terms, screened by title and abstract, and selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant data were extracted and synthesized, with an emphasis on randomized controlled trials and comparative studies. The review indicates that both oral and topical antibiotics improve subjective symptoms, tear film stability, ocular surface staining, meibum quality, and lid margin abnormalities in the short term. Oral azithromycin may be at least as effective as doxycycline, with a shorter treatment course and fewer adverse events, while topical azithromycin offers similar or superior efficacy to systemic regimens with reduced systemic exposure. However, benefits are usually limited to active treatment periods, and optimal dosing and duration remain uncertain. Long-term efficacy, safety, risk of resistance, and effects on the ocular microbiome require further investigation. Antibiotics should be used judiciously as part of a comprehensive, individualized management strategy for MGD.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 4","pages":"516-525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tsung-En Huang, Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang, Chu-Yen Huang, Henry Shen-Lih Chen, Yu-Ching Wang, Wei-Chi Wu, Yung-Sung Lee
{"title":"Increased incidence of glaucoma and intraocular pressure fluctuation after vitrectomy for macular hole and macular pucker.","authors":"Tsung-En Huang, Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang, Chu-Yen Huang, Henry Shen-Lih Chen, Yu-Ching Wang, Wei-Chi Wu, Yung-Sung Lee","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00045","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the incidence of glaucoma and changes in intraocular pressure fluctuation (IOPF) after vitrectomy for macular pucker (MP) and macular hole (MH).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, 778 patients who underwent only one vitrectomy for MP or MH were enrolled from the Chang Gung Research Database. Glaucoma development was defined as the continuous prescription of anti-glaucoma medication for more than 3 months, and the diagnosis was made later than 60 days postoperatively (index date). Postoperative IOPF was defined as the standard deviation (SD) of IOP measurements after the index date, whereas postoperative pretreatment IOPF was defined as the SD of IOP measured from the index date until the initiation of glaucoma treatment. The incidence of postoperative glaucoma and IOPF in vitrectomized eyes was compared with those in the nonvitrectomized fellow eyes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty vitrectomized and 17 fellow eyes developed glaucoma after the index date during the follow-up period (60 months). The vitrectomized eyes showed a higher glaucoma incidence (9.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.25-11.86) than fellow eyes (3.75, 95% CI: 1.97-5.53), along with higher postoperative IOPF (1.93 vs. 1.74 mmHg, <i>P</i> = 0.004) and higher postoperative pretreatment IOPF (1.88 vs. 1.72 mmHg, <i>P</i> = 0.001). Among vitrectomized eyes, those with glaucoma development had higher postoperative IOPF (2.79 vs. 1.85 mmHg, <i>P</i> < 0.0001) and postoperative pretreatment IOPF (2.32 vs. 1.85 mmHg, <i>P</i> = 0.04) than those without.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher postoperative IOPF and higher glaucoma incidence were observed in eyes that underwent vitrectomy for MP or MH.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 3","pages":"486-494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pigmented versus nonpigmented ocular surface squamous neoplasia: A comparative study of 424 tumors.","authors":"Kavya Madhuri Bejjanki, Vijitha S Vempuluru, Anasua Ganguly Kapoor, Swathi Kaliki","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00148","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical features, management, and outcomes of patients with pigmented ocular surface squamous neoplasia (p-OSSN) versus nonpigmented OSSN (np-OSSN).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective, comparative, interventional study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 424 tumors in 414 patients, 194 were np-OSSN, and 230 were p-OSSN. The mean age at presentation of np-OSSN versus p-OSSN was 53 years (median, 55 years; range, 12-88 years) versus 50 years (50 years, 20-85 years). The statistically significant differences between np-OSSN vs p-OSSN included outdoor occupation (<i>n</i>=77 (40%) vs <i>n</i>=120 (54%); <i>P</i>=0.006), limbal tumor epicenter (<i>n</i>=98 (50%) vs <i>n</i>=153 (67%); <i>P</i><0.001), diffuse tumor configuration (<i>n</i>=23 (12%) vs <i>n</i>=6 (3%); <i>P</i><0.001), and association with complexion-associated melanosis (CAM) (<i>n</i>=40 (21%) vs <i>n</i>=187 (81%); <i>P</i><0.001). The mean % of tumor pigmentation in p-OSSN was 43% (median, 35%; range, 1%-100%). The most common histopathological variant was moderate dysplasia in p-OSSN (<i>n</i> = 52; 32%) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma in np-OSSN (<i>n</i> = 46; 37%, <i>P</i> = 0.043). Over a mean follow-up period of 9 months (range, 6 months; range, 1-84 months) for np-OSSN and 7 months (median, 3 months; range, 1-51 months) for p-OSSN, the life salvage (98% vs. 99%, <i>P</i> = 0.536), globe salvage (90% versus 92%, <i>P</i> = 0.335), vision salvage (90% vs. 92%, <i>P</i> = 0.416), and local tumor recurrence (5% vs. 3%, <i>P</i> = 0.167) rates were comparable between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to np-OSSN, p-OSSN is commonly associated with co-existent CAM but has similar treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ocular features and accommodative components in patients with spontaneous consecutive exotropia.","authors":"Özlem Bursalı, Burçin Çakır, Kübra Özata Gündoğdu, Sedat Özmen","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00037","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the ophthalmological characteristics and accommodative components of cases with spontaneous consecutive exotropia (SCXT).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>After retrospectively scanning medical records, patients with SCXT (group, <i>n</i> = 11) and those with no exotropia (control group, <i>n</i> = 22) were enrolled. The data detailed ophthalmic examination results, accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio (AC/A), amplitude of accommodation, fusional vergence, and near point of convergence (NPC) obtained were compared between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Remote NPC was observed in three patients in the SCXT group (27.2%) but not in the control group (<i>P</i> = 0.03). The stereopsis rate was higher in the control group than in the SCXT group (<i>P</i> = 0.018). AC/A ratios were significantly lower in the SCXT group (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the mean amplitude of accommodation or fusional vergence measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Binocular vision deficiency was observed in patients with SCXT. The AC/A ratios were higher in the control group. The mean period of spontaneous conversion to exotropia was 6.40 ± 3.50 years after hyperopia correction; therefore, the long-term follow-up is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 2","pages":"332-337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13431220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148669694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nor Sharina Binti Yusof, Ahmad Anwaar Muhammad Saifullah, Che Mahiran Che Daud, Rosilah Mohamad, Rohanah Alias
{"title":"Ocular surface squamous neoplasia in Malaysia: A 5-year review.","authors":"Nor Sharina Binti Yusof, Ahmad Anwaar Muhammad Saifullah, Che Mahiran Che Daud, Rosilah Mohamad, Rohanah Alias","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00060","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of the study was to review the demographic profile, risk factors, clinical presentations, and treatment outcomes in patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) at government cornea centers in Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with proven histopathological reports of either corneal/conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from January 2016 to December 2021, who were recruited. The patients' demography, histopathology, and treatment outcomes were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 62 eyes involving 59 patients with proven OSSN were studied. The majority of the cases were male (76.3%), with a mean age of 65.2 ± 11.81 years, and approximately 32.2% worked as farmers. Sun exposure and smoking are the predominant risk factors observed in this study. Histopathological examination revealed that 69.4% were CIN, while 30.6% were SCC. The majority of the cases were treated surgically with adjunctive cryotherapy and topical mitomycin C (MMC) postoperatively. Five cases (3 CIN, 2 SCC) recurred after surgery. Two recurrent cases were treated with topical MMC and resolved completely. Another three cases required surgical excision after chemo reduction with topical MMC. Tumor pigmentation was shown to be a significant risk factor for recurrence (odds ratio 10.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.5-75.8; <i>P</i> = 0.026).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CIN is more common than SCC, predominantly affecting the male population in Malaysia with a background history of sun exposure and smoking. MMC is a good adjunct to surgical excision, both for primary and recurrent cases. Tumor pigmentation is a predicting factor for OSSN recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":"105-113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}