Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Navigating the delicate balance of the transorbital approach.","authors":"Kyung In Woo, Doo-Sik Kong","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00159","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transorbital approach (TOA) is a significant advance in minimally invasive neurosurgery, eliminating the need for the extensive craniotomy and brain retraction typically associated with traditional methods. By accessing deep-brain and skull base lesions through a small periorbital incision, TOA significantly reduces surgical trauma, accelerates recovery, and offers superior esthetics. The well-equipped instruments and navigation system provide a magnified, meticulous view, proving effective for complex lesions near the orbital-cranial junction. However, the technique is challenged by the \"narrow passage\" and cannot be applied to all skull base lesions. Lateral orbitotomy, often performed via an upper eyelid crease incision, is a common corridor that requires careful navigation and anatomic knowledge to facilitate surgical dissection and minimize complications. Postoperative complications are usually transient, including periorbital edema, diplopia, and ptosis. Although serious long-term sequelae are rare, careful manipulation of orbital tissue and pupillary monitoring are crucial to prevent permanent nerve injury or visual impairment. TOA is a safe and valuable technique, provided there is careful patient selection and a high level of surgical expertise.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":"21-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bony realignment after surgical removal of orbital implantation cysts: A case series.","authors":"Aram Park, Kyung In Woo","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00151","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orbital cyst formation following previous orbital fracture surgery is an uncommon complication, yet it poses a significant concern related to permanent implant use. This complication may result in a pronounced mass effect that leads to deformation of the orbital bony walls. We present the three cases of orbital implantation cysts associated with orbital wall deformity, where bony alignment normalized after complete cyst removal. Patients exhibited ocular symptoms, including proptosis, diplopia, and hyperglobus. Surgical management involved total resection of the orbital cyst, removal of the prior implant, and placement of a new absorbable implant. Serial orbital computed tomography imaging performed over a 2-year postoperative period revealed progressive restoration of the orbital wall contour through ongoing bony realignment, with no evidence of implant migration or cyst recurrence. To the best of our knowledge, these cases provide the first documented radiological proof that bony remodeling after mass effect from an orbital implantation cyst is reversible, indicating that bone deformation caused by chronic compression can return to normal anatomy. This series underscores the necessity of thorough cyst excision and highlights the potential for anatomical correction following surgical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":"146-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in oculoplastics: Novel applications and future prospects.","authors":"Shiqi Hui, Dongmei Li","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00128","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into ophthalmic subspecialties, encompassing oculoplastics, is rapidly evolving. AI has demonstrated significant promise in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, streamlining clinical workflows, and personalizing surgical decisionmaking. This review aims to summarize current applications of AI in oculoplastics, identify major challenges limiting its broader adoption, and explore future directions for research and clinical translation. We provide a narrative review of peer-reviewed studies and recent developments in AI-assisted diagnosis, image analysis, surgical planning, and patient monitoring within the domain of oculoplastics. Emerging AI applications include automated detection of eyelid tumors, facial analysis for ptosis and orbital disorders, preoperative planning, and postoperative outcome assessment. However, challenges such as limited data diversity, lack of interpretability, regulatory barriers, and ethical considerations persist. AI holds great promise in augmenting oculoplastic care. Moving forward, multidisciplinary collaboration, clinical validation, and advances in multimodal learning will be key to realizing the full potential of AI in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating large language models for glaucoma counseling: A pilot study of ChatGPT and Google Gemini responses in Traditional Chinese.","authors":"Chen-Wei Lin, Yi-Chieh Lin, Chau-Yin Chen, Jin-Jhe Wang, Hung-Yi Lin, Ing-Chou Lai","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00058","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and Google Gemini are increasingly used for patient education in various medical fields. However, their effectiveness in providing ophthalmology-related information in non-English languages remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the appropriateness of ChatGPT and Google Gemini responses to glaucoma-related questions presented in Traditional Chinese.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty frequently asked glaucoma-related questions were translated into Traditional Chinese and categorized into four domains: disease understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and lifestyle. Responses were generated using ChatGPT (GPT-4) and Google Gemini. Three qualified ophthalmologists independently rated the appropriateness of each response using a 5-point Likert scale. Mean scores were calculated, and statistical comparisons were performed for overall and category-specific performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ChatGPT achieved a higher overall appropriateness score (4.32 ± 0.65) than Google Gemini (4.03 ± 0.66), with a statistically significant difference (<i>P</i> = 0.004). Across all four content domains, ChatGPT consistently outperformed Gemini, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. Both models demonstrated relatively lower performance in lifestyle-related questions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both ChatGPT and Google Gemini are capable of providing reasonably appropriate glaucoma-related information in Traditional Chinese. ChatGPT demonstrated superior overall performance. These findings support the potential role of LLMs in enhancing patient education in non-English settings, although further improvements in language localization and domain-specific accuracy are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":"141-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing optical coherence tomography angiography biomarker for primary open-angle glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma progression in different stage.","authors":"Yu-Kai Kuo, Yuan-Hsi Chan, Tsung-En Huang, Chun-Fu Liu, Chi-Chun Lai, Lan-Hsin Chuang","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00063","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare peripapillary and parafoveal microvasculature between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) at different disease stages using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study classified eyes into early, moderate, or severe visual field defect based on Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson criteria. OCTA was used to assess radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), parafoveal vessel density, and ganglion cell complex thickness. Global and sectoral parameters were compared between POAG and NTG, with subgroup analysis by disease severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In early-stage glaucoma, global RNFL thickness was significantly lower in NTG eyes (87.5 ± 11.3 µm) compared to POAG eyes (92.4 ± 10.5 µm, <i>P</i> = 0.034), especially in the superior-nasal sector (111.7 ± 28.4 µm vs. 122.7 ± 26.8 µm, <i>P</i> = 0.030). In severe-stage glaucoma, POAG eyes showed lower nasal-superior RPCs (32.1% ± 9.8% vs. 39.2% ± 8.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.044), nasal-inferior RPCs (32.9% ± 10.6% vs. 40.0 ± 6.9%, <i>P</i> = 0.012), and temporal-superior RNFL thickness (53.0 ± 15.0 µm vs. 69.9 ± 21.7 µm, <i>P</i> = 0.019).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The microvasculature in the sectoral peripapillary and parafoveal regions shows significant differences between POAG and NTG across various stages. This suggests that the mechanisms underlying these glaucoma subtypes may differ at different stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 3","pages":"450-457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinopathy of prematurity epidemiology and treatment trend in a tertiary medical center in Taiwan: From 2016 to 2023.","authors":"Yi-Hsuan Tseng, Pei-Liang Wu, Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang, Kuan-Jen Chen, Nan-Kai Wang, Laura Liu, Hung-Da Chou, Ming-Chih Ho, Shih-Ming Chu, Yih-Shiou Hwang, Chi-Chun Lai, Ming-Chou Chiang, Wei-Chi Wu","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00074","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the recent 8-year epidemiology of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and treatment modalities in Taiwan.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted from 2016 to 2023, using data from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, and enrolling 2078 premature babies who were screened for ROP. The incidence of ROP, type 1 ROP, and initial treatment were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ROP developed in 671 of the 2078 infants (29.7%), and type 1 ROP was present in 195 infants (9.4%). A declining trend was observed in the number of ROP screenings among premature infants (<i>P</i> = 0.02). The proportion of type 1 ROP decreased significantly from 12.13% in 2016 to 5.0% in 2023 (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was chosen in 97% and 93.2% of the initial and overall treatments, respectively, with laser mainly used as a secondary treatment. Bevacizumab was the most frequently selected option among the three available anti-VEGF drugs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of ROP between 2016 and 2023 showed no significant change. The proportion of type 1 ROP decreased during this period. Anti-VEGF was chosen as the initial treatment, and bevacizumab was the most frequently used agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 2","pages":"310-317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13431199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Optical coherence tomography angiography characteristics of microvascular retinal alterations and the relationship with visual impairment in different patterns of retinitis pigmentosa.","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/TJO.TJO-D-25-00088_Corrigendum","DOIUrl":"10.4103/TJO.TJO-D-25-00088_Corrigendum","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 450 in vol. 15, PMID: 40995323.].</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 4","pages":"673"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current practices and considerations in intense pulsed light therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction.","authors":"Hyunmin Ahn, Ikhyun Jun, Tae-Im Kim, Kyoung Yul Seo","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00103","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy has emerged as a promising modality for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), a leading cause of evaporative dry eye disease. However, its clinical application varies significantly across studies, with notable procedural heterogeneity in device selection, treatment intervals, anatomical coverage, and adjunctive strategies. This comprehensive review synthesizes 110 clinical studies to delineate prevailing procedural trends and identify evidence-based components of IPL protocols for MGD. Using structured data extraction, we examined key treatment variables including IPL device type, pulse energy, number and frequency of sessions, anatomical treatment regions, filter types, light guide configurations, and adjunctive interventions such as meibomian gland expression, low-level light therapy, and pharmacologic agents. While substantial variability exists, several consistent procedural patterns were identified that may inform clinical standardization. This review provides a practical framework for optimizing IPL therapy in MGD and underscores the need for further comparative investigations to refine protocol design.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 4","pages":"505-515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro chronicles.","authors":"Ronald Yeoh","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00075","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article is based on the 2025 ASCRS Binkhorst Lecture which I delivered in Los Angles in April 2025. It will focus on the basic but oft-neglected step in phacoemulsification: hydrodissection. Over a 40 year career, I have had a particular interest in the techniques of 'hydro' manoeuvres to achieve nuclear mobility. The introduction of intra-operative OCT in 2017 allowed 'live' imaging of hydrodissection and hydrodelamination helping in our understanding of cleavage planes. Complications of hydrodissection like the 'pupil snap sign' will be analysed and the relevance of hydrodissection in modern cataract surgery discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 4","pages":"545-548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquiritigenin, a licorice-derived flavanone, reduces dry eye pathology via dual anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action.","authors":"Jeongho Kim, Soojin Yi, Sinsung Kang, Chegyem Yae, Jeong Mun Choi, Sang Bum Kim, Hong Kyun Kim","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00119","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Liquiritigenin (LIQ), an active flavanone derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is known to possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of LIQ on experimental dry eye disease (DED) models.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong><i>In vitro</i> effects of LIQ were assessed using a hyperosmotic stress model with assays including quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescent staining. The antioxidative effect was compared with n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and the anti-inflammatory effect with dexamethasone (DEX). <i>In vivo</i>, DED was induced by desiccation stress in a controlled environmental chamber mouse model. Tear production rate, corneal staining scores, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, conjunctival goblet cell density, infiltration of T-helper (Th) 17 cells, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the lacrimal gland were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>In vitro</i> studies demonstrated that LIQ significantly reduced ROS levels, comparable to NAC, and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects similar to DEX. In the mouse model, LIQ treatment significantly increased tear production and reduced corneal staining scores compared to controls, decreased the expression of Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor α, Interferon γ, restored conjunctival goblet cell density, reduced Th17 cell infiltration, and lowered ROS levels in the lacrimal gland Microarray analysis revealed LIQ regulated cytokine expression and ROS levels through the modulation of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily in hyperosmotic stress conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LIQ shows potential as a therapeutic agent for DED through its dual anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions, primarily through modulation of the AKR superfamily.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 4","pages":"598-610"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}