Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Impact of atropine use for myopia control on intraocular pressure in children: A comprehensive review including postpupil dilation intraocular pressure changes.","authors":"Pao-Ju Chen, Yun Hsia, Tzu-Hsun Tsai, Chien-Chia Su, Jehn-Yu Huang, Tsing-Hong Wang","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00026","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Topical atropine has been widely used for controlling myopia progression in children, yet its long-term efficacy and safety, including potential intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation, are still being studied. The mydriasis and cyclopegia induced by atropine may reduce traction on the trabecular meshwork, together with pigment released into anterior chamber due to the friction between the iris and lens during pupil dilation, may obstruct and reduce the trabecular outflow. This review first explores postdilation IOP changes across different groups - healthy individuals, glaucoma patients, and children. The response to pupil dilation varies widely, with IOP potentially increasing or decreasing. Glaucoma patients, whether with open or closed-angle glaucoma, may experience more significant IOP rises postdilation. The second section examines IOP effects in children using topical atropine for myopia, where most of the 25 reviewed studies showed nonsignificant IOP changes, although slight increases were observed in a few. In addition, no alterations in the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were found. However, the research on children's IOP under topical atropine is constrained by small sample sizes, cross-sectional studies, brief follow-ups, and often lacks control groups or pretreatment IOP measurements. Given the extended atropine use for myopia and the significant individual variation in IOP response, we recommend routine IOP monitoring for children receiving topical atropine.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11254001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions on the efficacy of atropine 0.01% eyedrops for myopia control - Findings from the Western Australia Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia study.","authors":"Samantha Sze-Yee Lee, Gareth Lingham, David A Mackey","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00025","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explored the impact of short-term coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions on the efficacy of atropine 0.01% eyedrops on myopia control in a multiethnic cohort of Australian children. In the Western Australia Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia study, 104 and 49 children were randomized to receive atropine 0.01% eyedrops and a placebo, respectively. We compared the 1-year myopia progression and axial elongation following the 2-month lockdown in 2020 to the same months in 2019 and 2021, i.e., the 1-year myopia progression up to May 2019-October 2019 (non-COVID-19) versus the 1-year progression up to May 2020-October 2020 (COVID-19 period), and the 1-year progression up to May 2021-October 2021 (non-COVID-19) versus the 1-year progression up to the same months in 2020. After excluding participants who withdrew, completed their treatment phase prior May 2020, or those whose study visits did not fall between May 2020 and October 2020, 65 participants (mean age at baseline = 11.8 ± 2.5 years) were included in the final analysis (49 in the treatment group; 16 in the placebo group). After correcting for age, sex, and ethnicity, there was no significant main effect of the short-term lockdown on the rate of spherical equivalent or axial length change. However, there was a lockdown × treatment interaction effect on the rate of axial elongation (<i>P</i> = 0.007). This was such that in the treatment group, the 1-year axial elongation was faster during lockdown by 0.056 mm compared to the nonlockdown periods (<i>P</i> = 0.009), while the rate of axial elongation in those on the placebo eye drops was similar during lockdown and nonlockdown. Our findings suggest that there is a decreased efficacy of low-concentration atropine even with relatively lenient restrictions lasting for a few months.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11254007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of light properties on ocular growth and myopia development.","authors":"Ying-Yi Chen, Tzu-Hsun Tsai, Yao-Lin Liu, Hui-Ju Lin, I-Jong Wang","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00031","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this article is to comprehensively review the effect of environmental lighting on ocular growth and refractive status in both animal and clinical studies, with an emphasis on the underlying mechanisms. This review was performed by searching research articles and reviews utilizing the terms \"myopia,\" \"light therapy,\" \"axial length,\" \"refractive error,\" and \"emmetropization\" in PubMed datasets. The review was finalized in December 2023. In the animal studies, high lighting brightness, illumination periods aligning with circadian rhythm, and color contrast signals including multiple wavelengths all help regulate ocular growth against myopia. Long wavelengths have been found to induce myopia in chicks, mice, fish, and guinea pigs, whereas shorter wavelengths lead to hyperopia. In contrast, red light has been observed to have a protective effect against myopia in tree shrews and rhesus monkeys. Apart from wavelength, flicker status also showed inconsistent effects on ocular growth, which could be attributed to differences in ocular refractive status, evolutionary disparities in retinal cone cells across species, and the selection of myopia induction models in experiments. In the clinical studies, current evidence suggests a control effect with red light therapy. Although the lighting conditions diverge from those in animal experiments, further reports are needed to assess the long-term effects. In conclusion, this review encompasses research related to the impact of light exposure on myopia and further explores the retinoscleral signaling pathway in refractive development. The aim is to establish a theoretical foundation for optimizing environmental factors in lighting design to address the epidemic of childhood myopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11253990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getting a clearer picture of myopia after the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"David A Mackey","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00046","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11253995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myopic shift, refractive, and visual outcomes after 5 years of infantile cataract surgery: Our experience and review of literature.","authors":"Shreya Gupta, Sakshi Ramteke, Goura Chattannavar, Ramesh Kekunnaya","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00030","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>After infantile cataract surgery, axial elongation, induces a myopic shift that cannot be fully compensated by corneal flattening and the rate is unpredictable owing to the non-linear growth of the eye. The current prospective study assesses the myopic shift and visual outcomes in children undergoing cataract surgery in infancy over a follow-up period of 5 years.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective study conducted at a tertiary eye care center to evaluate the five-year myopic shift, refractive and visual outcomes in infants, who underwent surgery for congenital cataract in infancy. The visual acuity, myopic shift and biometric changes are compared between the aphakia and pseudophakia group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) recorded in logMAR at 5 years for aphakia group was 0.92±0.44 and for pseudophakia group was 0.66±0.42. (pvalue: 0.002102). The myopic shift was noted to be -5.9+/-5.16 in the aphakia group whereas it was -9.01+/- 3.11 in the pseudophakia group (<i>P</i> value= 0.002101) at 5 years after surgery for infantile cataract.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IOL implantation in eyes of infants undergoing cataract surgery is feasible in eyes that strictly satisfy the pre-operative inclusion criteria and the visual outcomes in these eyes are better compared to aphakia group at 5 years follow up. Eyes with primary IOL implantation had a higher myopic shift compared to ones without primary IOL implantation. Eyes undergoing primary IOL implantation, need higher under correction compared to the current available formulae.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11253992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual information and the development/control of myopia: Insights from nonhuman primate experiences","authors":"Li-Fang Hung","doi":"10.4103/tjo.tjo-d-24-00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjo.tjo-d-24-00002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Over the past few decades, primarily by animal studies, correspondingly reinforced by epidemiological, clinical studies and controlled trials, researchers have identified that visual feedback regulates eye refractive developments, with visual image alterations being the most influential myopiagenic environmental factor. This article reviews studies using nonhuman primates to investigate visual risk factors for myopia development and evaluates and summarizes which visual factors contribute to the occurrence and progression of myopia. The possible underlying myopiagenic mechanisms and related myopia prevention/control strategies are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of choroidal thickness, macular thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and macular vascular density in children with unilateral amblyopia using swept-source optical coherence tomography and their changes following occlusion therapy","authors":"Shrutika Bhimewar, V. Kavitha, M. Mallikarjun, B. K. P. Sagar","doi":"10.4103/tjo.tjo-d-23-00071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjo.tjo-d-23-00071","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The purpose of this study was to analyze choroidal thickness (CT), along with macular thickness (MT), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), and macular vascular density (MVD) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in children with unilateral amblyopia, and compare the same with normal fellow eyes and normal eyes of normal children before and following occlusion therapy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This was a prospective, longitudinal study of 60 children (4-18 years); 30 children had unilateral amblyopia and remaining 30 were normal. Group 1 consisted of 30 amblyopic eyes of children with unilateral amblyopia; Group 2 consisted of 30 fellow normal eyes of Group 1; Group 3 consisted of normal eyes of normal children. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using logarithmic minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) chart, detailed ophthalmic examination, SS-OCT for CT, MT, RNFLT, and MVD at the level of superficial, deep, and choriocapillary plexus in both eyes were assessed at presentation, third, sixth and 12th month follow-up. In Group 1, spectacles (at presentation) and occlusion therapy (1 month) were advised.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In Group 1, the mean CT and MT were higher whereas LogMAR BCVA and MVD were lower than Groups 2 and 3 at presentation. In Group 1, post occlusion therapy, the mean CT and MT decreased whereas LogMAR BCVA and MVD increased. There was no significant change in RNFLT in Group 1 as compared to Groups 2 and 3, pre- and post occlusion therapy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 CT and MT in amblyopic eyes were significantly higher. Following occlusion therapy, CT decreased in each follow-up but was not significant whereas MT decreased significantly at the last follow-up visit. There was no difference in RNFLT in amblyopic eyes as compared with normal fellow eyes and control eyes before and after occlusion therapy. MVD was lower in amblyopic eyes and increased during follow-up visits but was not significant.\u0000","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141378765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the progression, prevalence, and incidence of myopia: A systematic review.","authors":"Jonathan T W Au Eong, Krystal S Chen, Benjamin H K Teo, Samantha S Y Lee, Kah-Guan Au Eong","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00027","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We systematically reviewed the literature on the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the progression, prevalence, and incidence of myopia. A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus databases. Studies included in the review assessed myopia progression, prevalence, and/or incidence as the primary outcome. Of 523 articles yielded in the initial search, 23 studies (6 cross-sectional and 17 cohort) were eligible for inclusion. Sixteen of these were conducted in China and one each in Hong Kong, Turkey, Spain, Israel, India, Korea, and Tibet. Quality appraisals were conducted with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists. Of the included studies, a large majority reported a greater myopic shift and increase in myopia prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-COVID-19 years. All three studies on myopia incidence showed increased incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Myopia progression accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic, even in individuals using low-concentration atropine eye drops in two studies but not in those using orthokeratology treatment in one study. Overall, the studies found that the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated home confinement measures generally increased myopia progression, prevalence, and incidence, even in individuals using low-concentration atropine eye drops.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11253998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood myopia and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Lessons for future pandemics.","authors":"Jonathan T W Au Eong, Jarryl H J Tsai, Niall J Crosby, Kah-Guan Au Eong","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00010","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11253988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myopia intervention and ultraviolet radiation related eye diseases: A narrative literature review.","authors":"Shanel Sharma, Loreto Rose, Angela Schulz, Daya P Sharma, Alina Zeldovich, Cristena Azzi, Ken Nischal","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00011","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There has been an increased understanding of the protective effect of two or more hours in high lux light on the development and progression of myopia. The aim of myopia management is to reduce the incidence of high myopia and sight-threatening myopic complications. Equally important are the sight-threatening complications of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the eye and adnexal structures. This review will analyze the literature for both these epidemics to help guide public health policy. Whilst increasing childhood high lux light exposure is important, consideration of a holistic eye health policy should ensure that UV eye diseases are also prevented. The advent of ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence photography has increased our understanding that significant UV eye damage occurs in childhood, with 81% of children aged 12-15 years having signs of UV eye damage. Hence, the need to reduce myopia and protect from UV-related eye diseases needs simultaneous consideration. Advocating for eye protection is important, particularly as the natural squint reflex is disabled with dark sunglasses lenses. The pathways UV reaches the eye need to be considered and addressed to ensure that sunglasses offer optimum UV eye protection. The design of protective sunglasses that simultaneously allow high lux light exposure and protect from UVR is critical in combating both these epidemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11253989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}