Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"The art of using technology in neuro-ophthalmology.","authors":"Celia Chen, Ming-Hui Sun","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-26-00090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-26-00090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 3","pages":"357-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and management of giant cell arteritis.","authors":"Laura Bonelli, Anthony C Arnold","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-26-00039","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-26-00039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of vasculitis affecting patients above the age of 50. Over the past few decades, our understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of the disease has increased tremendously. We now recognize that there is more than just the compromise of the temporal artery and its branches. Advances in technology and immunology have led to new diagnostic imaging methods and more targeted treatments with fewer side effects. The aim of this review is to summarize the advances in the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of GCA.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 3","pages":"397-405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal vasculature changes after 0.125% atropine treatment in children with myopia measured using optical coherence tomography angiography: A pilot study.","authors":"Yao-Chi Huang, Lan-Hsin Chuang, Ling Yeung, Hung-Chi Chen, Tsung-Hsien Tsai, Nan-Kai Wang, Po-Chun Chang, Yih-Shiou Hwang, Wei-Chi Wu, Chi-Chun Lai, Chun-Fu Liu","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00208","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study assessed the microvascular changes in the retina after the use of 0.125% atropine in children with myopia and the association between retinal microvascular changes and the effects of myopia treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a prospective cohort study. Children with myopia aged 5-18 years old were included in the study. Retina microvascular parameters were measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography devices during the follow-up. The main outcome measurements include vessel density of the superficial vascular plexus (SVP), deep vascular plexus, and axial length (AL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 64 eyes of 36 patients were included. A significant decrease in parafoveal vessel density of the SVP was observed in the first 3 months (<i>P</i> = 0.032). The change in parafoveal vessel density of the SVP in the first 3 months correlated negatively with the change in the AL after 1 year (r = -0.430, <i>P</i> = 0.028).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that 0.125% atropine might induce changes in the retina vasculature in children with myopia and that these changes might correlate with myopia progression. Nevertheless, as a pilot study, this result may need to be confirmed in larger studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 3","pages":"465-471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and surgical planning of thyroid eye disease and dysthyroid optic neuropathy.","authors":"Julia Moore, Sanjana Jaiswal, Prem S Subramanian","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-26-00048","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-26-00048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune inflammatory orbitopathy that can threaten vision in severe cases due to dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). While TED is primarily diagnosed clinically, orbital imaging with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role in confirming the diagnosis in atypical presentations, distinguishing TED from other orbital diseases, assessing disease activity, and guiding management. This narrative review examines the role of CT and MRI in the diagnosis and management of TED, with particular focus on their application in differential diagnosis, identification of DON, and surgical planning including volumetric analysis. We summarize characteristic CT and MRI findings in TED, such as enlargement of extraocular muscles with tendon sparing and inflammatory changes detectable on MRI and compare utility of each modality. Imaging features that predict or confirm DON, a complication that affects roughly 5%-8% of patients with TED, are highlighted, including apical muscle crowding and optic nerve compression. We also discuss how modern imaging techniques facilitate surgical planning for orbital decompression and enable objective monitoring of disease progression or response to therapy. This review underscores how CT and MRI contribute to comprehensive TED care and identifies emerging advancements and gaps in knowledge that future research should address.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 3","pages":"392-396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optic disc drusen: Recent developments on a slow-moving condition.","authors":"Chuen Yen Hong, Jesse Gale","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-26-00001","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-26-00001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optic disc drusen (ODD) are benign acellular calcified deposits that typically form early in life. They do not normally cause symptoms, so ODD are often detected incidentally as an abnormal or potentially swollen optic disc appearance. Distinguishing ODD from true optic disc edema is essential, and now, multimodal imaging, particularly enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography, can detect ODD accurately and reduce the need for further investigations. The origins of ODD are unknown, although the potentially unique finding of heavily calcified extracellular mitochondria in the optic disc raises hypotheses about local astrocyte clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria. Strong familial clustering suggests dominant or polygenic inheritance, and yet the most interesting candidate gene association is the recessive <i>ABCC6</i>. These emerging genetic associations both illuminate the pathogenesis and raise potential therapeutic targets for ODD. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on diagnosis, epidemiology, pathogenesis, genetic associations, and emerging therapeutic approaches, aiming to support clinicians in the diagnosis and management of ODD, and also highlights directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 3","pages":"380-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging in neuro-ophthalmologic emergencies with acute visual loss.","authors":"Wei-Ling Lin, Rong-Kung Tsai","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-26-00006","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-26-00006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuro-ophthalmologic emergencies presenting with acute visual loss pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, with potential for irreversible vision loss if not promptly recognized. A comprehensive approach that integrates clinical evaluation with advanced imaging modalities is essential for timely diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and management. Magnetic resonance imaging remains the gold standard for demyelinating optic neuritis, enabling differentiation among multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease through lesion morphology and distribution, and is definitive for diagnosing pituitary apoplexy through the detection of sellar hemorrhage or infarction. Computed tomography is indispensable in the emergent triage of orbital trauma and in the rapid exclusion of intracranial hemorrhage in acute stroke. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides high-resolution quantification of neuroaxonal injury, with macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thinning serving as a sensitive early marker of permanent damage compared to peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer changes. OCT angiography further enhances vascular assessment in ischemic optic neuropathies and giant cell arteritis (GCA), offering a noninvasive alternative to fluorescein angiography. Ultrasonography contributes to the evaluation of GCA through the detection of the \"halo sign\" and provides bedside utility for measuring optic nerve sheath diameter in suspected intracranial hypertension. This narrative review highlights the complementary roles of these imaging techniques, underscoring their strategic application in optimizing outcomes for vision-threatening neuro-ophthalmologic emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 3","pages":"371-379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinochoroidal structural alterations in obstructive sleep apnea: A spectral domain optical coherence tomography study.","authors":"Prabhjot Singh, Ashok Kumar Sharma, Vijay Kumar Sharma, Vikas Ambiya, Jyothi Nandanan","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00097","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to analyze retinochoroidal parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and evaluate their relationship with disease severity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional observational study included 60 OSAS patients diagnosed by overnight polysomnography and 60 age-matched healthy controls. The OSAS group was subdivided based on apnea-hypopnea index into mild (<i>n</i> = 18), moderate (<i>n</i> = 28), and severe (<i>n</i> = 14) categories. SD-OCT measurements included retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and central macular thickness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OSAS patients showed significant thinning in average RNFL (94.7 ± 7.84 μm vs. 98.93 ± 7.67 μm, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43-7.03, <i>P</i> = 0.003) and GC-IPL thicknesses (80.03 ± 3.11 μm vs. 82.1 ± 2.05 μm, 95% CI: 1.12-3.02, <i>P</i> < 0.001) compared to controls. Severity-based analysis revealed progressive thinning across all parameters, with the strongest correlations observed between disease severity and GC-IPL (<i>r</i> = -0.979) and RNFL parameters (<i>r</i> = -0.922). The most significant differences were consistently found between mild and severe OSAS groups (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significant retinochoroidal alterations occur in OSAS patients, with changes correlating to disease severity. The distinctive pattern of retinal layer thinning, particularly in superotemporal RNFL and superior GC-IPL, demonstrates an association with OSAS severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 3","pages":"442-449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the optical coherence tomography angiography in neuro-ophthalmology.","authors":"Liana Dedina, Sudha Cugati, Celia Chen","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00211","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) has emerged as a promising imaging technique within the field of ophthalmology. This review explores the potential applications of OCT-A in neuro-ophthalmology for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes. To fully realize the benefits of OCT-A in this domain, further investigation into the characteristics and natural history of the optic disc vasculature in neuro-ophthalmic disorders is essential. Future direction includes standardizing OCT-A protocols to facilitate cross-comparison and help integration of OCT-A in the evaluation of individuals with optic nerve pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 3","pages":"359-370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time outdoors and the prevention of myopia: School-based implementation works.","authors":"Amanda French, Regan Ashby, Cindy Karouta, Kathryn Rose, Ian Geoge Morgan","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00206","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased time outdoors has been convincingly associated with less myopia in observational studies. School-based interventions using increased time outdoors have been shown to reduce myopia onset, even in large-scale implementation. While each of the studies on which these conclusions are based has limitations, the consistent evidence has established that increasing time outdoors provides a powerful approach to controlling the current epidemic of myopia. A causal pathway for protection has been confirmed in studies on experimental myopia in animals, involving increased release of retinal dopamine by brighter outdoor light during daylight hours. This does not preclude involvement of other mechanisms, and initial results suggest that interventions to increase lighting in classrooms, or to provide environments rich in higher spatial frequencies similar to natural environments outdoors, may provide synergistic benefits. Whether increased time outdoors slows myopia progression is more controversial. Observational epidemiology and intervention trials have given inconsistent evidence, but studies on seasonal variations suggest that progression may also be regulated by light exposures and near workloads. At present, the evidence is sufficient to consider increased time outdoors as an adjunct therapy for myopia control, but primary control should be based on well-validated interventions. As increased time outdoors is increasingly used, one research priority should be to establish optimal protocols for school-based interventions. Another should be to explore the impact of these interventions on learning outcomes, since modern educational theory suggests that more play-based learning in the early years may lead to better long-term educational outcomes. The broader impacts on student mental and physical health should also be investigated. Little attention has so far been paid to how to reduce myopiagenic pressures associated with schooling, without compromising educational outcomes. This is an important area for future research, which should involve collaboration between experts in vision and ophthalmology and experts in education.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 2","pages":"181-193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13431221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myopia: A paradigm shift from refractive error to disease.","authors":"Ian Morgan, Der-Chong Tsai","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-26-00060","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-26-00060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 2","pages":"177-180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13431215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148669658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}