Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Management of positive and negative dysphotopsia postcataract surgery - A literature review.","authors":"Kujani Wanniarachchi, Jodhbir S Mehta","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00017","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this review was to provide a summary of the literature on the etiologies and management of positive (PD) and negative dysphotopsia (ND) which are optical phenomena that occur after routine cataract surgery. A search of PubMed and Google Scholar identified 36 relevant papers. There is a consensus on the etiology of PD, which is attributed to the edge design of the intraocular lens (IOL). A truncated square edge can cause light of an oblique incidence to reflect onto the retinal surface and cause streaks and haloes in the visual field. Other causes of PD include diffractive multifocal IOLs and IOLs with a high index of refraction. The causes of ND are multifactorial; however, the majority of the evidence from experimental and clinical studies supports the \"illumination gap\" of the nasal retina which may arise from the anterior capsule overlying the IOL. Other factors such as pupil size, a high-angle kappa, and increased posterior chamber depth may also play a role. Regarding surgical management, ND has been successfully treated with reverse optic capture, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser capsulectomy, nasal IOL optic truncation, piggyback IOL, and an ND ring. Both PD and ND can be surgically managed by replacing the IOL using in-the-bag exchange or bag-to-sulcus exchange. Technological advancements have presented new avenues for developing antidysphotopsia lenses. Novel approaches utilize anterior capsulotomy fixation using IOL phalanges and a recent diffractive spiral lens that provides smooth full-range vision without dysphotopsia.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 4","pages":"572-579"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing optical coherence tomography angiography to the clinic.","authors":"Tristan T Hormel, Yali Jia","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00080","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) is a new clinical technology that advances the capabilities of OCT imaging by adding the ability to readily visualize vascular anatomy down to the capillary scale. With this level of detail, OCTA can be used to identify many important vascular pathologies such as capillary dropout, microaneurysms, or neovascularization. Because it offers high-resolution, high-contrast imaging of these and similar features, OCTA is useful not just for visualization but also for quantification. Quantification is a powerful feature that enables the potential for diagnostics, staging, evaluation of treatment response, and patient monitoring in a more rigorous way than simple observation. In this review, we will examine several OCTA measurements with either demonstrated clinical utility or clinical potential through the lens of three prevalent blinding diseases: diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. We will discuss the merits of these various measurements and care that should be taken in their interpretation and analyze their role in patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"333-343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12456915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraoperative optical coherence tomography in ophthalmology: Technologies and applications.","authors":"Yuankai K Tao","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00076","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) offers valuable real-time, depth-resolved visualization of ocular anatomy and during ophthalmic surgical maneuvers, which can be used to augment clinical decision-making, help verify surgical endpoints, enhance surgical precision, and facilitate the development of novel surgical techniques. Early iOCT demonstrations used perioperative devices, such as handheld and intraocular probes, which required pauses in surgery and disrupted clinical workflow. The advent of microscope-integrated systems addressed these limitations, allowing for iOCT imaging concurrent with surgical microscopy. iOCT image visualization has similarly progressed from external monitors, which require surgeons to divert their gaze, to heads-up displays integrated into microscope oculars, enabling direct overlays and improved ergonomics. Most recent advances have included increasing imaging speed to enable four-dimensional visualization of surgical dynamics and integration of automated surgical instrument tracking technologies. Clinical translation of iOCT has demonstrated utility across a range of procedures, including glaucoma surgery, corneal transplants, cataract extraction, vitrectomy, membrane peel, retinal detachment and macular hole repair, subretinal injection, and retinal prosthesis placement. As more advanced technologies are integrated into the conventional ophthalmic surgical workflow, iOCT has the potential to improve surgical performance and patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"378-388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12456914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in the foveal avascular zone and surrounding capillary network as important indicators of visual prognosis for hereditary macular dystrophy.","authors":"Yen-Ching Lin, Ting-Chieh Ko, Chang-Hao Yang, Pei-Hsuan Chen, Chung-May Yang, Pei-Lung Chen, Bo-I Kuo, Ta-Ching Chen","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00089","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hereditary macular dystrophy (MD) usually severely affects the central vision. This study aimed to explore macular microcirculation and its relationship with disease progression in different morphological patterns of MD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty-five patients with MD and 26 healthy participants were included. Panel-based next-generation sequencing (NGS), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) were used for genetic diagnosis, morphological classification, and evaluation of macular microcirculation, respectively. Patients were divided into two groups: the central lesion group (CLG) and the dispersed lesion group (DLG), based on FAF findings. The alterations in microcirculation between the groups and subgroups were analyzed and correlated with visual preservation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A high diagnostic rate of disease-causing genes was achieved with a panel-based NGS test (72.3%). Compromised macular microcirculation was seen in MD of all genotypes. Enlargement of the foveal avascular zone and decreased foveal vessel density was significantly correlated with impaired vision (both <i>P</i> < 0.05). In Stargardt disease, the CLG had an earlier onset than the DLG, with more severely impaired central vision and compromised microcirculation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OCTA is a reliable, noninvasive tool for evaluating the microcirculation of MD. Our results demonstrate that compromised macular microcirculation occurs with MD, and foveal microcirculation is crucial for visual preservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"457-465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12456923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography biomarkers of the choriocapillaris for objective detection of early diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Zaara Haque, Albert Kofi Dadzie, Mansour Abtahi, Behrouz Ebrahimi, Tobiloba Adejumo, Taeyoon Son, Jennifer I Lim, Xincheng Yao","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00067","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate quantitative optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) biomarkers from the choriocapillaris (CC) for detecting early microvascular changes associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, 191 macular OCTA images were analyzed from 78 healthy eyes, 64 eyes from diabetic individuals without clinical signs of DR (NoDR), and 49 eyes with mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR). Five CC biomarkers were extracted from 6 mm × 6 mm enface OCTA images: flow deficit density (FDD), FD number (FDN), mean FD size (MFDS), perfusion intensity density (PID), and normalized blood flow index (NBFI). Flow maps were binarized using Phansalkar local thresholding, and statistical comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance and two-sample t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All five biomarkers demonstrated significant differences across study groups (<i>P</i> < 0.001). FDD and MFDS were significantly elevated in both NoDR and mild NPDR eyes compared to controls, indicating increased nonperfusion and enlargement of flow voids. FDN decreased with disease severity, indicating spatial consolidation of capillary loss. PID and NBFI, which reflect flow signal intensity, also declined in diabetic eyes, suggesting a reduction in overall CC perfusion consistent with early vascular compromise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Quantitative OCTA biomarkers of the CC reveal early microvascular changes in diabetic eyes. Among them, FDN and MFDS demonstrated the highest sensitivity to early disease progression. These findings support the use of CC-derived OCTA features as potential imaging biomarkers for detecting and monitoring early diabetic microvascular dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"428-434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12456902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography in systemic disease.","authors":"David J Merriott, Devayu Parikh, Michael J Najac, Luis Muncharaz Duran, Affan Haq, Richard B Rosen, Toco Y P Chui","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00053","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an integral component of present-day ophthalmologic practice. As use of OCT has increased in popularity and frequency of use, a growing number of systemic diseases are now known to have associated findings on both OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA). This review was written to discuss how a multitude of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, neoplastic, infectious, and autoimmune diseases manifest on OCT and OCTA. The findings thus far highlight the potential utility of OCT and OCTA for diagnosing and monitoring progression of these disease processes. Many current studies are limited by small sample sizes, varying image processing algorithms, image artifact, and differing machines used to acquire images, underscoring the need for further research with increased patient numbers and standardized image acquisition and image processing protocols. Despite these current limitations, the steadily increasing volume of data suggests that there will ultimately be a role for both OCT and OCTA to noninvasively monitor the progression of systemic disease over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"364-377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12456916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The path to clinical translation for visible light optical coherence tomography in retinal imaging.","authors":"Qingyu Chen, Stephanie Lauren Nolen, Sydni Adriana Spencer, Ji Yi","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00078","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visible light optical coherence tomography (VIS-OCT) has made significant progress in the past decade from <i>in vivo</i> proof-of-concept retinal imaging in preclinical models to human clinical translation. The technical advances of VIS-OCT imaging devices include new light sources, optical fiber components, balanced detection methods, and an array of data processing methods. We summarize the unique features of using VIS-OCT in comparison with near-infrared OCT (NIR-OCT), including ultra-high resolution, retinal microvascular oximetry, and reflectance spectroscopy. The ultra-high resolution is granted by the shorter wavelengths in the visible light range ~500-650 nm, as compared with the conventional OCT wavelengths >800 nm. Detailed sub-bandings in the inner plexiform layer and outer segment of photoreceptors, as well as in the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane, are consistently resolved in VIS-OCT. The three-dimensional resolving capacity of VIS-OCT allows better isolation of hemoglobin absorption features, allowing blood oxygen saturation (SO₂) calculation in retinal microvasculature. Oximetry calculations were performed down to the capillary level in humans, albeit through massive averaging, which was unattainable by previous methods. Advancing VIS-OCT technology has a high potential to produce significant clinical impact in ophthalmology in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"389-398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12456912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shining light on photoreceptors: A minireview on the development and clinical applications of optoretinography.","authors":"Alexander Matteson, Anna Andrews, David Huang, Siyu Chen","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00066","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinal diseases often result in photoreceptor dysfunction and cell death, leading to progressive vision impairment and eventual blindness. Clinical management can benefit from assessing photoreceptor mediated visual function, such as for progression monitoring. Meanwhile, therapeutic development requires accurate and reliable vision end points. The emerging optoretinography (ORG) technologies promise noninvasive, objective, and highly sensitive markers of photoreceptor function. ORG is an umbrella term that covers several imaging modalities that use intrinsic optical signal, i.e., without dyes or labeling agents, to quantify photoreceptor responses to light. Early studies showed stimulus-evoked light scattering and morphological changes in isolated photoreceptor and retina, which provided the experimental foundation for subsequent inquires <i>in vivo</i>. Technology advancements allowed for optically quantifying photoreceptor light responses in live human subjects using two-dimensional (2D) fundus photography and 3D optical coherence tomography (OCT). The integration of adaptive optics (AO) with OCT enabled direct measurements of outer segment length changes of individual human photoreceptors, revealing essential steps of the phototransduction cascades. In an effort to enlarge measurement field of view, ease imaging workflow, and improve accessibility, more recent studies investigated ORG techniques without the need to resolve or track individual cells. Clinical ORG imaging culminated in demonstrating highly sensitive and reliable detection of photoreceptor dysfunction in patients with degenerative retinal diseases. Ongoing development of both AO and non-AO ORG approaches promises to advance our understanding of phototransduction and the visual processing pathway, while establishing a powerful clinical tool for assessing vision.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"399-410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12456911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proton beam radiotherapy as an alternative to enucleation in adult intraocular medulloepithelioma.","authors":"Wei-Hsiang Lin, Yueh-Ju Tsai, Shih-Ming Jung, An-Ning Chao","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00013","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"499-501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12456905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a high-resolution three-dimensional optical coherence tomography for characterization of epithelial cell products for corneal cell therapy.","authors":"Hsu-Hang Yeh, Vladlen Klochkov, Chia-Ying Tsai, Wei-Lun Huang, Sheng-Lung Huang, Wei-Li Chen","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00087","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to develop a high-resolution full-field optical coherence tomography (HR-FFOCT) system for automated three-dimensional (3D) imaging of cultivated epithelial cell sheets and biopsied tissue used in corneal regenerative therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A commercial HR-FFOCT system (ApolloVue® S100, AMO, Taiwan), originally for dermatological imaging, was re-engineered for <2 μm resolution imaging of rabbit limbal and oral mucosal tissues for limbal stem cell deficiency treatment. Modifications included a piezoelectric transducer for precise Z-stack acquisition, customized LED illumination for registration, and a specialized platform for culture dishes. The system enabled en face and cross-sectional imaging with 3D reconstruction. Rabbit-derived products for cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation (CLET) and cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET) were imaged before cultivation. Morphology, stratification, and protein expression were analyzed and validated with immunocytochemistry (ICC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized system produced high-resolution en face and Z-stack images with accurate alignment, capturing stratified epithelial layers in CLET and oral mucosal tissue. Reconstructed 3D images revealed structural detail consistent with ICC-verified expression of junctional proteins, including occludin and actin. Both two-dimensional and 3D visualization of biopsied oral mucosal tissue was achieved. The system enabled noninvasive monitoring of epithelial sheet architecture and thickness without sectioning.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The reconstructed HR-FFOCT system provides a noninvasive, real-time imaging platform for assessing epithelial cell sheets and biopsied tissue in corneal regenerative therapy. It offers potential for standardizing quality evaluation of cell-based products before transplantation and advancing translational applications in regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"435-442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12456906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}