EuroChoices最新文献

{"title":"Neither Healthy nor Safe: Insufficient Regulation of Occupational Health and Safety for Migrant Farmworkers in Europe\u0000 Ni sain ni sûr : une réglementation insuffisante en matière de sécurité et de santé au travail pour les travailleurs agricoles migrants en Europe\u0000 Weder gesund noch sicher: Unzureichende Regulierung des Arbeitsschutzes für ausländische Saisonarbeitskräfte in der europäischen Landwirtschaft","authors":"Juan Castillo-Rojas-Marcos,&nbsp;Yoan Molinero-Gerbeau","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12432","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1746-692X.12432","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Occupational safety and health (OSH) began to be regulated at the EU level with the OSH Framework Directive in 1989. Since then, many other legal acts and policies have followed, enriching the complex European set of legal tools and protections on work-related health and safety. However, they all share the same approach: only eventualities happening to workers in the workplace, during working hours and/or caused by their work tasks can potentially be designated as an OSH impact; andtherefore be legally problematised and tackled. This paper argues that such an approach is insufficient for a sector like European agriculture, whose workforce is increasingly composed of migrant labourers. As scientific evidence reveals, migrant farmworkers face another whole set of severe health and safety risks directly linked to their jobs, which nonetheless would not fit in the traditional definition of OSH. From deficient and substandard accommodation to isolation and lack of access to vital services, these people's jobs potientially expose them to potent health stressors. The sector urgently needs a new and more ambitious conception of OSH to develop legislation and/or policies adapted to the needs of all its workers, including migrants.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 3","pages":"77-83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumer Prices in German Food E-Retailing: the Impact of the Value Added Tax Cut in 2020\u0000 Prix à la consommation dans le commerce électronique alimentaire allemand : l'impact de la réduction de la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée en 2020\u0000 Verbraucherpreise im deutschen Lebensmitteleinzelhandel: Die Auswirkungen der Mehrwertsteuersenkung 2020","authors":"Johann Scharnhop,&nbsp;Jens-Peter Loy","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12435","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1746-692X.12435","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In July 2020, the German government reduced the VAT rate for six months in order to stimulate private consumption and support the economy, which had been weakened by the Covid-19 pandemic. It was crucial for the success of the tax cut that retailers passed it on to consumers by reducing retail prices. This article applies a fixed effects estimation model to analyse the price effects of the VAT reduction in grocery e-retailing. It uses price data collected directly from the websites for major food categories of four food e-retailers, Bringmeister, MyTime, Real and Rewe. The tax reduction overall was largely passed on to consumers by price reductions. However, the pass-through rates, i.e. the extent to which the tax rate change was translated into lower prices, varied among the stores, ranging from 16 to 134 per cent, with the highest rate being for Bringmeister. The pass-through rate for Rewe was 84 per cent. Also, the timing of the pass-through varies. The highly divergent pass-through rates were below the expectations of politicians and the announcements made in advance by food retailers, suggesting some strategic pricing within and between stores. For future VAT reduction initiatives, the results of this study and consumers' reactions to price changes should be considered in more detail in order to complete the assessment of the effectiveness of such measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 3","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citizens’ Willingness to Pay for Sustainable Innovations: Evidence from Six European Union Member States\u0000 Consentement des citoyens à payer pour des innovations durables : observations dans six États membres de l'Union européenne\u0000 Die Bereitschaft der Bürger, für nachhaltige Innovationen zu zahlen: Erkenntnisse aus sechs EU-Mitgliedstaaten","authors":"Yan Jin,&nbsp;Riccardo Borgia,&nbsp;Bouali Guesmi,&nbsp;Djamel Rahmani,&nbsp;Noah Larvoe,&nbsp;Stefano Targetti,&nbsp;Davide Viaggi,&nbsp;José María Gil","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12433","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1746-692X.12433","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Innovations in the agri-food industry targeting the strengthening of sustainability have recently increased their emphasis on compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In the H2020 CO-FRESH project, seven sustainable innovations have been implemented by seven local farms and companies in six EU Member States using diversified formats, including a smart irrigation system, reutilising water in processing, and sensors for precisely applying fertilisers. Previous studies have predominantly focused on sustainable innovations in one Member State but not at a pan-European level. In this study, we adopted a choice experiment to assess citizens’ Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) for public goods associated with sustainable innovations in Europe. The common attributes derived from different innovations enable a cross-country comparison of the WTP of citizens living near innovation sites for carbon emissions, biodiversity and local employment. The results indicate European citizens’ different WTP for public goods and significant regional heterogeneity of socio-demographics among citizen clusters. A successful agricultural transition must be socially inclusive. This study has policy implications for various stakeholders in the agri-food value chain as well as policymakers when deciding on optimally allocating resources or implementing policy incentives to enhance sustainability and avoid ‘one-size-fits-all’ applications, considering the heterogeneity in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 3","pages":"22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12433","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141613925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation in the Farm Office for Smart Sustainability Reporting\u0000 Innovation dans le bureau de l'exploitation agricole pour rendre compte de la durabilité de manière intelligente\u0000 Innovation im Büro eines landwirtschaftlichen Betriebs für eine intelligente Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung","authors":"Krijn J. Poppe,&nbsp;Hans C.J. Vrolijk,&nbsp;Marcel A.P.M. van Asseldonk","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12427","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1746-692X.12427","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Farms face an increasing administrative burden due to the push for a more sustainable agri-food system. Farms are required to demonstrate compliance with various sustainability schemes, and this trend is expected to intensify with a more performance-based CAP and new directives and regulations. The need for smart data reporting is emphasised, with a focus on minimising the administrative burden, creating useful systems and indicators for farm management, and ensuring auditability.</p><p>We advocate smart reporting as a solution and innovation in the farm office. The integration of data from Farm Management Information Systems (FMIS) with sustainability indicators is proposed in order to streamline the reporting process. The importance of using technology, such as e-invoicing and robotic accounting, is highlighted to monitor and report crucial performance data. The integration of FMIS and Farm Financial Accounting (FFA) is proposed as a solution to enhance auditability and reduce manual input. The potential benefits of fully digital invoices and delivery notes to further streamline data exchange are proposed. Additionally, the paper discusses the role of central databases in the dairy sector.</p><p>Policy implications for governments in promoting data-intensive relationships with farmers are identified. They build upon previous policy measures that involved accounting within farms and the digital exchange of data.</p><p>The paper concludes by emphasising the importance of supporting innovation in the farm office to unlock the full potential of technologies like blockchain, big data analysis, artificial intelligence and sustainability management.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 3","pages":"42-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The War in Ukraine and Climate Change Issues Continue to Dominate the Economic, Social and Political Agenda\u0000 Der Krieg in Ukraine und Fragen des Klimawandels beherrscht weiterhin die wirtschaftliche, soziale and politische Agenda\u0000 La guerre en Ukraine et changement climatique continuent de dominer l'agenda economique, social et politique","authors":"John Davis","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140559694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising Precision Agriculture Choices for Arable Farmers in Germany and the UK: the LINKDAPA Approach\u0000 Optimiser les choix des cultivateurs en agriculture de précision en Allemagne et au Royaume-Uni : l'approche LINKDAPA\u0000 Präzisionslandwirtschaft in Ackerbauerbetrieben in Deutschland und dem Vereinigten Königreich (UK): Verbesserung der Umsetzung durch den LINKDAPA-Ansatz","authors":"Tamisan Latherow,&nbsp;Matthieu Arnoult,&nbsp;Thomas Engel,&nbsp;Renke Gralfs,&nbsp;Oksana Hrynevych,&nbsp;Maria Karampoiki,&nbsp;Salar Mahmood,&nbsp;Alistair Murdoch,&nbsp;Dimitrios Paraforos,&nbsp;Emanuelle Ranieri,&nbsp;Lindsay Todman,&nbsp;Richard Tranter,&nbsp;John Hammond","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12426","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1746-692X.12426","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Farmer adoption of so-called Precision Agriculture (PA) or ‘smart’ technologies in the arable sector has grown in the last few decades with a focus on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and variable rate technologies (VRT). This has led to increased generation of large volumes of data about fields and their crop yields which could be used to increase the environmental and financial performance for farmers. However, survey results show that cost and adaptability have been issues for many farmers in the UK and Germany that have held back such adoption. The LINKDAPA (LINKing multi-source Data for Adoption of Precision Agriculture) project's approach sought to minimise both concerns by creating a customisable web platform that incorporates both GNSS and VRT into one, easy to use, affordable option for farmers. The project developed an online cloud-based decision support tool which takes into account different fertiliser strategies based on novel algorithms using soil, historic yield and satellite data. Co-created by researchers, farmers and agricultural technology firms, the LINKDAPA approach offers both economical and easy to implement solutions for farm management to mitigate resource loss-ratios such as in fertiliser use, provide financial performance analyses, and multi-year graphical imagery for soil mapping.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 3","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change Mitigation in Agriculture beyond 2030: Options for Carbon Pricing and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms\u0000 Atténuation du changement climatique dans l'agriculture après 2030 : options pour la tarification du carbone et les mécanismes d'ajustement aux frontières\u0000 Klimaschutz in der Landwirtschaft nach 2030: Optionen für Carbon-Bepreisung und Carbon-Obergrenzen","authors":"Alisa Spiegel,&nbsp;Claudia Heidecke,&nbsp;Julio G. Fournier Gabela,&nbsp;Davit Stepanyan,&nbsp;Mareike Söder,&nbsp;Florian Freund,&nbsp;Alexander Gocht,&nbsp;Martin Banse,&nbsp;Bernhard Osterburg","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12425","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1746-692X.12425","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the EU's climate policy, agriculture is covered as an Effort-Sharing (ESR) sector, i.e. a sector beyond the Emission Trading System and LULUCF. Despite ambitious climate targets for the ESR sectors and an emerging focus on the need for agriculture to make a substantial contribution to climate change mitigation, agriculture has contributed much less to achieving climate targets than other ESR sectors in most EU Member States. A more radical mitigation instrument is required since the potential to increase climate efficiency in EU agriculture is limited. Carbon pricing is considered an effective instrument and is widely adopted in other sectors worldwide. Options on how to reduce related carbon leakage are discussed. Our recommendations for efficient climate change mitigation policy in agriculture are threefold. First, the agricultural sector needs more precise guidance and clear climate targets. Second, although preventing all conflicts between climate change mitigation actions and other policy goals is impossible and inefficient, a policy could minimise adverse effects. Third, since agricultural GHG emissions can only be minimised and compensated by negative emissions in other sectors, well-defined intersectoral coordination is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 1","pages":"19-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling in Support of Better Agricultural and Food Policies: the JRC's Integrated Agro-economic Modelling platform (iMAP)\u0000 Modélisation à l'appui de meilleures politiques agricoles et alimentaires : la plateforme de modélisation agroéconomique intégrée (iMAP) du Centre commun de recherche (JRC)\u0000 Modellierung zur Unterstützung einer besseren Agrar- und Ernährungspolitik: die Plattform für integrierte agrarökonomische Modellierung (iMAP) des JRC","authors":"Jesus Barreiro-Hurle,&nbsp;Thomas Fellmann,&nbsp;Robert M'barek","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12421","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1746-692X.12421","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research in the area of agro-economic modelling has been one of the key contributions of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) to the development of better agri-food policies in the EU. This article provides an overview of the development of the JRC's integrated agro-economic modelling platform since its establishment in 2005. We highlight the main contributions to policy analysis and describe in detail two key areas, namely the provision of medium-term projections for agricultural markets and the analysis of various CAP proposals. Furthermore, we describe the gradual shift to expand the capabilities of individual models within the platform to encompass aspects beyond traditional agro-economic aspects and incorporate environmental considerations. Model integration remains a focus both within the platform at different levels and scales, and in conjunction with biophysical models. This, together with incorporating knowledge from other fields of economic analysis is fundamental to capture changing policy objectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 1","pages":"43-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12421","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140070232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approach Choices for Antimicrobial Use Reduction in European Food Animal Production\u0000 Approches alternatives pour la réduction de l'utilisation des antimicrobiens dans la production animale européenne destinée à l'alimentation\u0000 Lösungsansätze zur Reduzierung des Einsatzes antimikrobieller Mittel in der europäischen Nutztierhaltung","authors":"Ziping Wu","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12424","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1746-692X.12424","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;La réduction de l'utilisation des antimicrobiens (UAM) constitue une stratégie mondiale essentielle dans la lutte contre la résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) dans le domaine de la production animale destinée à l'alimentation. Nous avons procédé à un examen approfondi des approches distinctes utilisées dans la gestion de la réduction de l'UAM au Royaume-Uni, au Danemark et aux Pays-Bas. Notre analyse s'est penchée sur les processus de réforme, en mettant l'accent sur les rôles joués par les pouvoirs publics, le grand public et les principales parties prenantes tout au long de la chaîne d'approvisionnement. De plus, nous avons examiné les impacts de ces approches sur l'UAM, la RAM et le paysage économique de la production animale destinée à l'alimentation. Dans les trois pays, ces réformes ont été ancrées dans la réduction et l'utilisation judicieuse des antimicrobiens d'importance critique (AIC) à usage vétérinaire. Ces efforts ont donné des résultats significatifs, notamment en matière de réduction du recours aux AIC. En utilisant une approche volontaire de réduction de l'UAM, la participation active des organismes publics, des consommateurs et des chefs de file de la chaîne d'approvisionnement, notamment les supermarchés, s'est avérée essentielle. En termes de mise en oeuvre, ces pays ont adopté diverses stratégies de gestion, notamment des approches volontaires, réglementaires et hybrides, défendues respectivement par les agriculteurs, les agences gouvernementales et les vétérinaires. Ces approches ont produit des impacts divers, à la fois en termes de potentiel de réduction et d'influence sur les performances agricoles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Die Reduzierung des Einsatzes antimikrobieller Mittel ist eine zentrale globale Strategie zur Bekämpfung der Antibiotikaresistenz im Bereich der Nutzierhaltung. Wir haben eine umfassende Untersuchung der verschiedenen Ansätze zur Reduzierung des Antibiotikaeinsatzes im Vereinigten Königreich, in Dänemark und in den Niederlanden durchgeführt. Unsere Analyse befasste sich mit den Reformprozessen, wobei die Rolle der Regierung, der Öffentlichkeit und der wichtigsten Interessengruppen in der gesamten Lieferkette hervorgehoben wurde. Darüber hinaus untersuchten wir die Auswirkungen dieser Reduzierungsansätze auf den Einsatz antimikrobieller Mittel, Antibiotikaresistenzen und das wirtschaftliche Umfeld der Nutztierproduktion. In allen drei Ländern ist die Reduzierung und der vernünftige Einsatz von kritisch wichtigen antimikrobiellen Mitteln für die Veterinärmedizin in den Reformen verankert. Diese Bemühungen haben zu bedeutenden Ergebnissen geführt, insbesondere in der Verringerung des Einsatzes von wichtigen antimikrobiellen Mitteln. Bei der Anwendung eines freiwilligen Ansatzes zur Verringerung des Einsatzes von antimikrobiellen Mitteln hat sich die aktive Beteiligung von Regierungsstellen, Verbrauchern und führenden Unternehmen der Lieferkette, insbesondere von Supermärkten, als entscheidend erwiesen. Was die Umsetzung","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 1","pages":"36-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hotspots in the EU-27 and Economic Consequences of the 2022 Spring-Summer Drought\u0000 Points chauds dans l'Union européenne à 27 et conséquences économiques de la sécheresse du printemps-été 2022\u0000 Die wirtschaftlichen Folgen der Dürre im Frühjahr und Sommer 2022 und ihre Hotspots in der EU-27","authors":"Zsolt Pinke,&nbsp;Tamás Ács,&nbsp;Péter Kalicz,&nbsp;Zoltán Kern,&nbsp;Attila Jambor","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12423","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1746-692X.12423","url":null,"abstract":"<p>L'année 2022 restera dans les mémoires comme une année de grave sécheresse en Europe. Pour les six cultures représentant la plus grande superficie récoltée, les pertes de production causées par la sécheresse pourraient même avoir atteint une valeur estimée à 13 milliards d'euros dans l'Union européenne à 27. Compte tenu de la part de ces grandes cultures dans l'ensemble des superficies récoltées, la perte totale sur l'ensemble des terres cultivées pourrait avoir atteint deux fois ce montant (25 à 30 millions d'euros). Ce chiffre indique l'ampleur du défi que représente le changement climatique sur le continent. Alors que la majeure partie de l'Europe a souffert d'une grave sécheresse au printemps et à l’été 2022, les pertes agricoles étaient spécifiques à chaque région et se sont concentrées dans les régions de la Méditerranée occidentale et des Carpates-Balkans. Les cultures de maïs et de tournesol ont subi les pertes les plus importantes, tandis que les données concernant le blé, l'orge, le colza et le seigle ont montré un tableau ambivalent. Les pertes de production pour les cultures arables,associées aux prix extrêmement élevés du marché, ont même représenté 1 à 2 pour cent du PIB dans certains pays de la région des Carpates et des Balkans. Le paradoxe de l'an dernier est que, malgré la sévérité de l'impact de la sécheresse sur les cultures arables, l'agriculture de l'Union européenne a créé une valeur ajoutée brute très élevée grâce à la flambée des prix alimentaires.</p><p>Das Jahr 2022 wird in Europa als schweres Dürrejahr in Erinnerung bleiben. Die Produktionsverluste bei den sechs Kulturen mit der größten Erntefläche in der EU-27 dürften sich auf bis zu 13 Milliarden Euro belaufen haben und die Gesamtverluste für den Ackerbau könnten sogar doppelt so hoch gewesen sein. Dieser hohe wirtschaftliche Schaden zeigt, wie groß die Herausforderung ist, die der Klimawandel für den Kontinent darstellt. Obwohl der größte Teil Europas im Frühjahr und Sommer 2022 unter schwerer Trockenheit litt, waren die landwirtschaftlichen Verluste regionsspezifisch und konzentrierten sich auf den westlichen Mittelmeerraum und die Karpaten-Balkan-Region. Mais und Sonnenblumen erlitten die höchsten Verluste, während die Daten für Weizen, Gerste, Raps und Roggen ein ambivalentes Bild zeigten. Die Dürreschäden in Verbindung mit den extrem hohen Marktpreisen erreichten in einigen Ländern der Karpaten-Balkan-Region 1-2 Prozent des BIP. Das Paradoxe daran ist, dass die Landwirtschaft in der Europäischen Union trotz der durch die Dürre verursachten Verluste eine sehr hohe Bruttowertschöpfung erwirtschaftet hat, was auf die stark gestiegenen Lebensmittelpreise zurückzuführen ist.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 1","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139922631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}