EuroChoices最新文献

{"title":"Implementing the EU eco-scheme in the Netherlands: A results-based points system approach\u0000 Mise en œuvre de l’éco-régime européen aux Pays-Bas : une approche par système de points fondé sur les résultats\u0000 Umsetzung der EU-Öko-Regelungen in den Niederlanden : Ein ergebnisorientierter Ansatz mit einem Punktesystem","authors":"Roel Jongeneel,&nbsp;Ana Gonzalez-Martinez","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12388","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The latest reform of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) aimed at making it more results-oriented in order to ensure the sustainability of the sector. From 1 January 2023, in the new policy framework, the European Commission introduced a new tool – eco-schemes. This tool presents several advantages compared to the former ‘greening’ since it includes more ambitious targets than the previous policy framework. Another difference with the previous system is that the eco-schemes focus on results rather than efforts, while creating some room for the EU Member States to design measures which take into account existing local circumstances and needs. For the implementation of the eco-schemes, the Netherlands has developed a menu-points-system. The Dutch system is a good policy improvement compared to the previous ‘greening’ measures. Nevertheless, due to its hybrid form, it does not yet lead to the best possible cost-efficiency measures. To achieve that, a ‘pure’ point-reward (instead of an effort-reward) should have been implemented. Another novelty of the Dutch eco-scheme policy is the development of a simulation tool, which can assist farmers to test different choices before they make their final decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"22 1","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50154098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity Net Gain Initiative","authors":"Annie Wills","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12391","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1746-692X.12391","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"22 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47140942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The War in Ukraine, Food Security and the Role for Europe\u0000 La guerre en Ukraine, la sécurité alimentaire et le rôle de l'Europe\u0000 Der Krieg in der Ukraine, Ernährungssicherheit und die Rolle Europas","authors":"Maksym Chepeliev,&nbsp;Maryla Maliszewska,&nbsp;Maria Filipa Seara e Pereira","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12389","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Food-security implications of the war in Ukraine are exacerbated by adverse weather events, spillover effects from the distortion of energy and fertiliser markets, and domestic policies that countries around the world have implemented in pursuit of food security. Estimates suggest that the cumulative effect of these channels in terms of restricting <i>agricultural</i> and food trade is in the order of over 10 times larger, and their cumulative effect on global food supply is on average three times more substantial than the direct agricultural supply disruptions in Ukraine. The latter, however, disproportionally impacts low-income countries that are particularly vulnerable to food supply shortages and price increases. In the case of the EU, although overall food availability is not at stake, food affordability for low-income households is a concern, especially when combined with rising prices of other essential goods, such as energy and transportation. To ensure the resilience of domestic and global food systems, the EU and its Member States should extend a set of already implemented policies, including better-targeted support for the low-income households in the region, implementation of trade facilitation measures via international cooperation, and support for agricultural production in the most vulnerable countries, and should also facilitate the restoration of Ukraine's lost agricultural assets.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"22 1","pages":"4-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50154100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greening the CAP from Farm to Fork: Roots of Italy's Resistance to the Process of Reform\u0000 Verdir la PAC de la ferme à la l'assiette : racines de la résistance de l'Italie au processus de réforme\u0000 Die Ökologisierung der GAP: Ursachen des italienischen Widerstands gegen den Reformprozess","authors":"Maria Antonietta Maneschi","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12387","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;De nombreux États membres et diverses parties prenantes continuent d'avoir des positions conservatrices dans le processus de réforme de la PAC visant à améliorer la durabilité environnementale. Lors du dernier processus de réforme, le ministère italien de l'Agriculture a privilégié le maintien du statu quo pour les paiements, minimisant ainsi les ambitions environnementales. Derrière ce positionnement se cache une puissante organisation agricole – la Coldiretti – qui joue un rôle politique majeur dans le contexte italien. Coldiretti et le ministère ont construit un bloc historique qui exerce un pouvoir hégémonique dans le réseau italien de la politique agricole. A l'opposé, la coalition Cambiamo Agricultura (Changeons l'agriculture), qui se mobilise pour le verdissement de la PAC et pour une transition agroécologique, est très marginalisée. Cependant, des changements dans les équilibres de pouvoir pourraient émerger et la coalition Cambiamo Agricoltura pourrait potentiellement jouer un rôle majeur dans cette transition. Elle pourrait renforcer sa visibilité dans les médias nationaux ; informer la société civile et renforcer le consensus de l'opinion publique pour une transition du secteur agricole ; elle pourrait également ouvrir un dialogue direct et une collaboration avec la Coldiretti, favorisant l'intégration d'objectifs environnementaux ambitieux dans le discours de la principale organisation paysanne elle-même. Le résultat serait l'inclusion d'acteurs de la transition dans le processus de prise de décision, ce qui se traduirait par des positions plus vertes pour la prochaine réforme de la PAC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Viele Mitgliedstaaten und verschiedene Interessengruppen vertreten im GAP-Reformprozess – bei dem es darum geht, die ökologische Nachhaltigkeit zu verbessern – weiterhin konservative Positionen. Während der letzten Reform sprach sich das italienische Landwirtschaftsministerium dafür aus, den Status quo bei den Beihilfen beizubehalten und minimierte so die ökologischen Ambitionen. Hinter dieser Positionierung steht eine mächtige Bauernorganisation – Coldiretti – die im italienischen Kontext eine zentrale Bedeutung hat. Coldiretti und das Ministerium haben eine historische Verbindung gebildet, die eine hegemoniale Macht in der italienischen Agrarpolitik ausübt. Demgegenüber steht die stark marginalisierte Koalition Cambiamo Agricultura, die sich für ein Greening der GAP und einen agrarökologischen Wandel einsetzt. Im bestehenden Kräfteverhältnis zeichnen sich jedoch eine mögliche Veränderungen ab, und die Koalition Cambiamo Agricoltura könnte hierbei eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Sie könnte ihre Sichtbarkeit in den nationalen Medien erhöhen, die Öffentlichkeit informieren und den gesellschaftlichen Konsens für eine Umstellung des Agrarsektors stärken. Außerdem könnte sie einen Dialog und eine direkte Zusammenarbeit mit Coldiretti beginnen, um so ehrgeizige Umweltziele in den Diskurs der wichtigsten Bauernorganisation zu integrieren. Das Ergebnis","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"22 1","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50154102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The War in Ukraine Dominates the Economic, Social and Political Agenda","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12390","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48743722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The War in Ukraine Dominates the Economic, Social and Political Agenda\u0000 Der Krieg in der Ukraine beherrscht die wirtschaftliche, soziale und politische Agenda\u0000 La guerre en Ukraine domine les agendas économiques, sociaux et politiques","authors":"John Davis","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12390","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"22 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50148224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Informality in a Local Agri‐food Supply Chain in Brazil","authors":"Michel T. Q. M. Assis, Markus Tümpel, M. R. Lucas, Maria José M. Rainho","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12385","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42888898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Informality in a Local Agri-food Supply Chain in Brazil\u0000 L'influence de l'informalité dans une chaîne d'approvisionnement agroalimentaire locale au Brésil\u0000 Der Einfluss von Informalität in einer regionalen Agrar- und Lebensmittelwarenkette in Brasilien","authors":"Michel T. Q. M. Assis,&nbsp;Markus Tümpel,&nbsp;Maria Raquel Lucas,&nbsp;Maria José M. Rainho","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12385","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During qualitative research on trust, conducted in a mariculture chain in southern Brazil, the theme of informality emerged spontaneously in most interviews. Although it is difficult to measure, some data and estimates point out that informality is still quite present worldwide, but especially in emerging and developing countries, and this situation was confirmed in the studied supply chain. In analysing the narratives, we noticed that this is a chronic issue which bothers the producers that are properly formalised mainly because of unfair competition, and hinders the organisation of the chain. Some factors foster the persistence of informality, such as family labour and temporary jobs, the low educational level of entrepreneurs, lack of adequate supervision and cultural aspects of producers and their families. We could corroborate the perspectives of modernisation (informality is still persistent), neo-liberal (informal entrepreneurs reject the bureaucracy of an over-regulated market) and post-structuralist (informality is a way of life related to identity, social position and/or resistance against the formal structure) theories. Our research has shown us that the situation found is contributing to a reduction in the number of formal producers and impairing the development of that local supply chain, as well as its sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"22 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50122405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The War in Ukraine, Food Security and the Role for Europe","authors":"M. Chepeliev, M. Maliszewska, M. Pereira","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12389","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45311347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing the\u0000 EU\u0000 eco‐scheme in the Netherlands: A results‐based points system approach","authors":"R. Jongeneel, A. Gonzalez‐Martinez","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12388","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47716387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}