EuroChoices最新文献

{"title":"Do European Agricultural Policies Still Aim to Support the Living Standards of the Agricultural Community?","authors":"B. Hill","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12405","url":null,"abstract":"There is a continuing mismatch in the EU between a key official stated objective of the latest form of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), which still refers to ensuring a ‘fair standard of living for the agricultural community’ (clearly a social aim), and the way that farmer incomes are officially monitored and interventions designed. Poor targeting at low‐income cases where standards of living could be expected to be less than ‘fair’ is likely to make the CAP vulnerable to criticism for being wasteful of public resources, yet this has been ignored for political reasons. Following the UK's withdrawal from the EU (‘Brexit’), the CAP no longer applies in the UK, and UK agricultural policies have been able to abandon the explicit aim of guaranteeing living standards of farm households. There is no reliable evidence that, as a group, UK farm households are characterised by relative income‐poverty; though instability is a problem, they frequently have multiple income sources and hold substantial wealth, both of which impact on their potential standard of living. In the absence of evidence of low household incomes among its farmers, should the EU follow the UK's example and, in effect, transfer responsibility for alleviating poverty to national systems designed to tackle that problem in the community?","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49312124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Food Consumption Trends on Twitter with Social Media Analytics: The Example of #Veganuary","authors":"L. Drescher, Carola Grebitus, J. Roosen","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12403","url":null,"abstract":"Using the example of the hashtag #veganuary, a neologism of vegan and January, on Twitter with over 52,000 tweets from 2022, this article shows how Social Media Analytics can provide valuable insights into timing, volume and sentiment within any emerging (consumer) trend. Social Media Analytics is increasingly being used for the analysis of Social Media data. Whether consumers, politicians or entrepreneurs, all stakeholders in the food value chain are present on Social Media and talk about various trends in food and agriculture. In the form of an overview article, this contribution uses the example of the Vegan Challenge to demonstrate how a combination of the manifold methods of Social Media Analytics can provide extensive insights into the public discourse on food topics. It shows that #veganuary communication on Twitter has a predominantly positive connotation in the discussion of all stakeholders involved. The Vegan Challenge can also be categorised as a strong marketing campaign with a competitive character. #veganuary is commonly discussed on Twitter in tweets related to topics, such as veganism and the climate crisis. We argue that Social Media Analytics usefully extends classical analytical tools of consumer research on emerging and spreading food trends, and offers opportunities for many research studies.","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46973655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Less Livestock in North-western Europe? Discourses and Drivers Behind Livestock Buyout Policies\u0000 Moins de bétail dans le nord-ouest de l'Europe ? Discours et facteurs influençant les politiques de rachat de bétail\u0000 Geringere Viehbestände in Nordwesteuropa? Diskussionen und Beweggründe für staatliche Aufkaufprogramme von Vieh","authors":"Daan Boezeman,&nbsp;David de Pue,&nbsp;Morten Graversgaard,&nbsp;Stefan Möckel","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12399","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Direct intervention in the size of livestock numbers is not considered a main option in European agri-environmental policies nor in policy studies. Nevertheless, the governments of the Netherlands and Flanders (Belgium) have announced livestock buyout schemes. This article contributes to the scarce literature on this policy instrument by sketching the characteristics of different types of buyout schemes. We analyse how the issue of reducing livestock numbers is being framed in four EU Member States with high livestock dense regions: the Netherlands, Belgium (Flanders), Denmark and Germany. While the debate on ‘technology versus volume’ can be observed in all four countries, the ‘nitrogen crises’ in the first two has led to a reframing of concerns over livestock numbers in relation to place-based deterioration of habitats and the possibility of granting permits for new economic activities, rather than as a global issue of mitigating climate change. Pre-existing institutional frameworks influence the introduction and design of new buyout policies. In the context of high political pressure, existing policies to close down farms were reinforced and nutrient emission rights systems offered the opportunity to take production rights out of the market. Notwithstanding the policies and available budgets, the issue of direct intervention to reduce livestock numbers remains controversial.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"22 2","pages":"4-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12399","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50144577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Less Livestock in North‐western Europe? Discourses and Drivers Behind Livestock Buyout Policies","authors":"D. Boezeman, David De Pue, M. Graversgaard, S. Möckel","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12399","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47544995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualised AKIS Diagnosis – an Instrumental Approach to Support AKIS Appraisal\u0000 Diagnostic visualisé du SCIA – une approche instrumentale pour soutenir l'évaluation du SCIA\u0000 Visualisierte AKIS-Diagnose – ein instrumenteller Ansatz zur Unterstützung der AKIS-Beurteilung","authors":"Andrea Knierim,&nbsp;Fanos M. Birke","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12397","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The AKIS (Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System) concept is now widely applied in the EU partly due to latest CAP regulation. Visualisation-based AKIS diagnosis relies on the iterative elaboration of an AKIS diagram that provides a static picture of what elements of the system are linked through what kind of relations in which socio-economic contexts and environments. In this article we discuss the implications of using the visualised AKIS diagnosis method based on our empirical assessment of AKIS in 28 European countries. The method involved drafting AKIS diagrams based on targeted desk research, conducting dialogues with experts affiliated with or overseeing prominent knowledge organisations to adjust and refine the diagrams and to analyse actor diversity and linkages. The final diagrams and the background reports on AKIS appraisal were used to deepen the AKIS understanding among various stakeholders in the agriculture sector, as well as an input for the CAP strategic plan preparation in some countries. We conclude that the visualised AKIS diagnosis has a great potential to make complex knowledge infrastructures and exchange processes tangible. However, it also comes with risks, for example, that the snapshot in time may become misleading, through being an outdated or erroneous representation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"22 2","pages":"59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50149459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualised AKIS diagnosis – an instrumental approach to support AKIS appraisal","authors":"A. Knierim, F. Birke","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47856415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for Farm Valuation\u0000 Les méthodes d’évaluation des exploitations agricoles\u0000 Methoden zur Bewertung von landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben","authors":"Laure Latruffe,&nbsp;Yann Desjeux,&nbsp;Geoffroy Enjolras,&nbsp;Philippe Jeanneaux","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12392","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Valuation of a farm at current market value is a crucial part of the process of farm transfer, be it between family members through inheritance or on the open market between buyers and sellers. This article explains the methods available to and used by professionals in France to value farms, and presents results of an application of the methods on bookkeeping data for French representative commercial farms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The literature is rich on business valuation methods but less so in the farming context. Some assets are often very specific (farm buildings, livestock, agricultural land) and the activities of farms are by nature diverse and risky, making it difficult to standardise their valuation. There are two broad categories of methods. Economic methods are based on cash flows and profitability generated by the assets and include the &lt;b&gt;fundamental&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;financial methods.&lt;/b&gt; The fundamental (or discounted cash-flows or long-term returns or capitalisation) method consists of valuing the farm as an industrial project that will generate cash flows in the future, over a chosen time horizon, for example the duration of a long-term rental agreement (nine years in France). The farm value is thus the sum of the future net cash flows discounted at an appropriate rate. The financial (or profitability) method is based on the estimation of the farm investors’ potential remuneration, which can be approximated by the farm net profit (farm income from which the farm manager's labour remuneration has been subtracted).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second category of methods relies on the separately-valued assets mainly with the &lt;b&gt;patrimonial method&lt;/b&gt; (or liquidation and accounting valuation method). Each tangible asset is estimated separately, with the current market value or with the book value of assets available in the balance sheet. While the fundamental method is generally preferred by buyers (that is to say, future farmers) and banks, sellers favour the patrimonial method as it generates high values. In practice both sets of methods are often used in combination.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2021 an online survey was conducted of 67 land experts and farm accountants in France who regularly estimate farm values for farmers (both sellers or buyers) (Enjolras &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). As shown in Figure 1, the highest share of experts (56 per cent) used the patrimonial method, although the fundamental and financial methods together account for a comparable share of experts (53 per cent). The survey also highlighted the difficult conciliation of perspectives between sellers and buyers and the need to consider intangible factors, as seen in Figure 2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The different methods were applied to the 2017 and 2018 French Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) bookkeeping data (Jeanneaux &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Figure 3 shows that wine-growing farms have the highest values on average. Pig and beef cattle farms have high average patrimonial values, reflecting their high capita","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"22 2","pages":"36-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12392","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50133795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for Farm Valuation","authors":"L. Latruffe, Y. Desjeux, G. Enjolras, P. Jeanneaux","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12392","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42396955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Quality of CAP Strategic Planning through Enhancing the Role of Agricultural Economics\u0000 Améliorer la qualité de la planification stratégique de la PAC en renforçant le rôle de l'économie agricole\u0000 Qualitätsverbesserung in der GAP-Strategieplanung durch eine stärkere Rolle der Agrarökonomie","authors":"Emil Erjavec,&nbsp;Ilona Rac","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12393","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extending strategic planning to the full range of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) interventions could improve the impacts of this controversial public policy. Science, particularly agricultural economics, can play a role in improving the quality of planning and implementation of a reformed CAP. The preparation of Member States' Strategic Plans (SP) is rather formalistic, while the plans are not very rigorously designed. A major weakness is related to the CAP's political-economic characteristics and lies in the selection and definition of interventions: financially strong but poorly targeted interventions tend to be pre-fixed, which prevents a stronger focus on the results and quality of planning. The intervention logic functions as a black box, as the links between policy priorities and interventions are merely implied, with no clear, evidence-based links. Therefore, European decision makers should re-examine the concept of CAP SP and especially improve a support system and capacity building for SP designers. Greater involvement of academic research and scientific methods and tools in the preparation, monitoring and evaluation of plans, could significantly improve the quality of planning. This would require increased investment in research and dialogue among representatives of academia, government and the nongovernmental sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"22 2","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50133794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Quality of CAP Strategic Planning through Enhancing the Role of Agricultural Economics","authors":"E. Erjavec, I. Rac","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12393","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46957509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}